Wearable Sensor/Device (Fitbit One) and SMS Text-Messaging Prompts to Increase Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown self-monitoring can modify health behaviors, including physical activity (PA). This study tested the utility of a wearable sensor/device (Fitbit(®) One™; Fitbit Inc., San Francisco, CA) and short message service (SMS) text-messaging prompts to increase PA in overweight and obese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven adults wore a Fitbit One tracker for 6 weeks; half were randomized to also receive three daily SMS-based PA prompts. The Fitbit One consisted of a wearable tracker for instant feedback on performance and a Web site/mobile application (app) for detailed summaries. Outcome measures were objectively measured steps and minutes of PA by intensity using two accelerometers: Actigraph™ (Pensacola, FL) GT3X+ (primary measure) at baseline and Week 6 and Fitbit One (secondary measure) at baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. RESULTS: Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of primary measures indicated a significant within-group increase of +4.3 (standard error [SE]=2.0) min/week of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) at 6-week follow-up (p=0.04) in the comparison group (Fitbit only), but no study group differences across PA levels. Secondary measures indicated the SMS text-messaging effect lasted for only 1 week: the intervention group increased by +1,266 steps (SE=491; p=0.01), +17.8 min/week MVPA (SE=8.5; p=0.04), and +38.3 min/week total PA (SE=15.9; p=0.02) compared with no changes in the comparison group, and these between-group differences were significant for steps (p=0.01), fairly/very active minutes (p<0.01), and total active minutes (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the Fitbit One achieved a small increase in MVPA at follow-up and that the SMS-based PA prompts were insufficient in increasing PA beyond 1 week. Future studies can test this intervention in those requiring less help and/or test strategies to increase participants' engagement levels.
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Physical activity interventions did not show long-term behavioural changes or did not improve clinical outcomes.
“PA interventions did not show long-term behavioural changes or did not improve clinical outcomes”
From Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
In a small study of 67 participants with overweight or obesity, the group receiving text message prompts showed an increase in number of steps.
“The group receiving the text message intervention showed an increase in the number of steps. However, this effect was not sustained over the 6-week study period.”
From Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
The increase in steps from text message prompts was not sustained over the 6-week study period.
“The group receiving the text message intervention showed an increase in the number of steps. However, this effect was not sustained over the 6-week study period.”
From Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Wang, J. B., Cadmus-Bertram, L. A., Natarajan, L., White, M. M., Madanat, H., Nichols, J. F., Ayala, G. X., & Pierce, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
- University of California San Diego (US)
- San Diego State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Julie B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Telemedicine and e-Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 782-792
- ISSN
- 1530-5627 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-3669
- PMC
- PMC4842945
- OpenAlex
- W2101502430
- Cited by
- 308
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 59.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Telemedicine Journal and e-Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, San Diego
- National Cancer Institute (CA113710, K07CA178870, P30CA023100, T32CA113710)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Keywords
- wearable activity trackers, physical activity promotion, overweight adults, adult obesity, self-monitoring, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, step count, accelerometer-measured activity, mobile health intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Obesity, Exercise, Text Messaging, Accelerometry
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