Cited by 1,042Mitochondrial Function and PathologyCell death mechanisms and regulationAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

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Roles of the Mammalian Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion Mediators Fis1, Drp1, and Opa1 in Apoptosis

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Lee, Yang-ja, Jeong, Seon-Yong, Karbowski, Mariusz, Smith, Carolyn L., Youle, Richard J.·2004·Molecular Biology of the Cell

DOI 10.1091/mbc.e04-04-0294PMC PMC524759

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Abstract

During apoptosis, the mitochondrial network fragments. Using short hairpin RNAs for RNA interference, we manipulated the expression levels of the proteins hFis1, Drp1, and Opa1 that are involved in mitochondrial fission and fusion in mammalian cells, and we characterized their functions in mitochondrial morphology and apoptosis. Down-regulation of hFis1 powerfully inhibits cell death to an extent significantly greater than down-regulation of Drp1 and at a stage of apoptosis distinct from that induced by Drp1 inhibition. Cells depleted of Opa1 are extremely sensitive to exogenous apoptosis induction, and some die spontaneously by a process that requires hFis1 expression. Wild-type Opa1 may function normally as an antiapoptotic protein, keeping spontaneous apoptosis in check. However, if hFis1 is down-regulated, cells do not require Opa1 to prevent apoptosis, suggesting that Opa1 may be normally counteracting the proapoptotic action of hFis1. We also demonstrate in this study that mitochondrial fragmentation per se does not result in apoptosis. However, we provide further evidence that multiple components of the mitochondrial morphogenesis machinery can positively and negatively regulate apoptosis.

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Authors: Lee, Y.-J., Jeong, S.-Y., Karbowski, M., Smith, C. L., & Youle, R. J.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Jeong, Seon-Yong
Karbowski, Mariusz
Smith, Carolyn L.
Youle, Richard J.
Venue: Molecular Biology of the Cell
Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
Published: 2004-11
Volume: 15
Issue: 11
Pages: 5001-5011
ISSN: 1059-1524 (ISSN-L)
1939-4586
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-04-0294
PMC: PMC524759
OpenAlex: W1970248089
Cited by: 1,042
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 74
FWCI: 14.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Molecular Biology of the Cell (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
AJOU Open Repository (Ajou University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords: apoptosis, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, Fis1, Drp1, OPA1, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial fragmentation, anti-apoptotic proteins, spontaneous apoptosis, mitochondrial morphogenesis
MeSH terms: HeLa Cells, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Membrane Proteins, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Mitochondria, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases, RNA, Subcellular Fractions, Time Factors, Immunoblotting, Down-Regulation, Apoptosis, Microscopy, Confocal, GTP Phosphohydrolases, Mitochondrial Proteins, Dynamins, RNA Interference

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Roles of the Mammalian Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion Mediators Fis1, Drp1, and Opa1 in Apoptosis

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