Exercise, appetite and weight management: understanding the compensatory responses in eating behaviour and how they contribute to variability in exercise-induced weight loss
Open accessAbstract
Does exercise promote weight loss? One of the key problems with studies assessing the efficacy of exercise as a method of weight management and obesityis that mean data are presented and the individual variability in response is overlooked. Recent data have highlighted the need to demonstrate and characterise the individual variability in response to exercise. Do people who exercise compensate for the increase in energy expenditure via compensatory increases in hunger and food intake? The authors address the physiological, psychological and behavioural factors potentially involved in the relationship between exercise and appetite, and identify the research questions that remain unanswered. A negative consequence of the phenomena of individual variability and compensatory responses has been the focus on those who lose little weight in response to exercise; this has been used unreasonably as evidence to suggest that exercise is a futile method of controlling weight and managing obesity. Most of the evidence suggests that exercise is useful for improving body composition and health. For example, when exercise-induced mean weight loss is <1.0 kg, significant improvements in aerobic capacity (+6.3 ml/kg/min), systolic (−6.00 mm Hg) and diastolic (−3.9 mm Hg) blood pressure, waist circumference (−3.7 cm) and positive mood still occur. However, people will vary in their responses to exercise; understanding and characterising this variability will help tailor weight loss strategies to suit individuals.
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Exercise has either no effect or can induce a transient post-meal suppression of appetite (hunger), even if this does not necessarily translate into a decrease in subsequent food intake.
“Although the biological and behavioral responses to exercise are variable [93], there is a general consensus that exercise has either no effect or can induce a transient post meal suppression of appetite (hunger), even if this does not necessarily translate into a decrease in subsequent food intake [94].”
From Homeostatic and Circadian Control of Food Intake: Clinical Strategies to Prevent Overconsumption (2013) · cites this paper as [94]
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- [146]146. Bryant E, Finlayson G, King N, et al. The infl uence of acute exercise on liking and preference for food on high trait Disinhibition women . Obes Rev 2006 ; 7 : 343 .
- [155]155. Bryant E. High trait disinhibition associated with better success at exercise- induced weight loss . Obes Facts 2009 ; 2 : 211 .
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“…been reviewed elsewhere (Sainsbury A, Seimon RV, Hills AP, Wood RE, King NA, Gibson AA, Byrne NM, submitted manuscript; Sainsbury and Zhang, 2012; King et al., 2012; Melanson et al., 2013; Leibel et al., 2015; MacLean et al., 2015; Rosenbaum et al., 2010; Maclean et al., 2011; Sumithran and…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBalducci, S., D’Errico, V., Haxhi, J., Sacchetti, M., Orlando, G., Cardelli, P., Vitale, M., Bollanti, L., Conti, F., Zanuso, S., et al. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.0922 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
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Intermittent energy restriction improves weight loss efficiency in obese men: the MATADOR study
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Self-citationA Time to Eat and a Time to Exercise
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Homeostatic and Circadian Control of Food Intake: Clinical Strategies to Prevent Overconsumption
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- Authors
- King, N. A., Horner, K., Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Wood, R. E., Bryant, E., Caudwell, P., Finlayson, G., Gibbons, C., Hopkins, M., Martins, C., & Blundell, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- University of Bradford (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Leeds Trinity University (GB)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- King, N A
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2011-05-19
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 315-322
- ISSN
- 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0480
- OpenAlex
- W2109950041
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford) (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- exercise-induced weight loss, appetite, compensatory eating, energy expenditure, individual variability in response, obesity, eating behaviour, body composition, blood pressure, waist circumference, mood, cardiorespiratory fitness
- MeSH terms
- Appetite, Energy Intake, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Female, Gastric Emptying, Humans, Male, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Peptides, Personal Satisfaction, Taste, Weight Loss, Exercise
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