Cited by 92Nutritional Studies and DietDietary Effects on HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Impact of the Level of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

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Bakaloudi, Dimitra Rafailia, Chrysoula, Lydia, Kotzakioulafi, Evangelia, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Chourdakis, Michail·2021·Nutrients

Abstract

High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a lower prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The present study aimed to investigate the impact of MD adherence on parameters of MetS. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Observational studies that recorded adherence to MD and components/measures of the MetS, such as waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), were included in this study. A total of 58 studies were included in our study. WC and TG were significantly lower in the high adherence MD group (SMD: −0.20, (95%CI: −0.40, −0.01), SMD: −0.27 (95%CI: −0.27, −0.11), respectively), while HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the same group (SMD: −0.28 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.50). There was no difference in FBG and SBP among the two groups (SMD: −0.21 (95%CI: −0.54, 0.12) & SMD: −0.15 (95%CI: −0.38, 0.07), respectively). MD may have a positive impact on all parameters of MetS. However, further research is needed in this field.

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  • The Mediterranean diet, including a low-carbohydrate diet, is associated with decreased inflammation, normalized insulin sensitivity, and good cholesterol outcomes in women with PCOS.

    “The Mediterranean diet, including a low-carbohydrate diet, has been found to have a connection with a decrease in inflammation, normalization of insulin sensitivity, and good cholesteric outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome [161].”

    From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [161]

    The Results report higher HDL cholesterol with greater Mediterranean-diet adherence, and the Discussion links the diet to reduced inflammatory markers. However, the paper does not establish normalized insulin sensitivity or these outcomes specifically in women with PCOS. Its Discussion treats low-carbohydrate diets as an alternative to, not a component of, the Mediterranean diet. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Bakaloudi, D. R., Chrysoula, L., Kotzakioulafi, E., Theodoridis, X., & Chourdakis, M.
Affiliations
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
Corresponding author
Chourdakis, Michail
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-04-30
Volume
13
Issue
5
Pages
1514
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3157214111
Cited by
92
References
144
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 3
FWCI
2.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
Mediterranean diet, dietary adherence, metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, cardiovascular risk factors
MeSH terms
Metabolic Syndrome, Diet, Mediterranean, Observational Studies as Topic

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