Cognitive motor control in human pre-supplementary motor area studied by subdural recording of discrimination/selection-related potentials
Abstract
To clarify the functional role of human pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in 'cognitive' motor control as compared with other non-primary motor cortices (SMA-proper and lateral premotor areas) and prefrontal area, we recorded epicortical field potentials by using subdural electrodes in five epileptic patients during presurgical evaluation, whose pre-SMA, SMA-proper, prefrontal and lateral premotor areas were defined by electric cortical stimulation and recent anatomical orientations according to the bicommissural plane and callosal grid system. An S1-Go/NoGo choice and delayed reaction task (S1-choice paradigm) and a warned choice Go/NoGo reaction task (S2-choice paradigm) with inter-stimulus intervals of 2 s were employed. The results showed (i) transient potentials with onset and peak latencies of about 200 and 600 ms, respectively, after S1 in the S1-choice paradigm mainly at pre-SMA and to a lesser degree at the prefrontal and lateral premotor areas, but not in the S2-choice paradigm. At SMA-proper, a similar but much smaller potential was seen after S1 in both S1- and S2-choice paradigms and (ii) slow sustained potentials between S1 and S2 in both S1- and S2-choice paradigms in all of the non-primary motor areas investigated (pre-SMA, SMA-proper and lateral premotor areas) and prefrontal area. It is concluded that pre-SMA plays a more important role in cognitive motor control which involves sensory discrimination and decision making or motor selection for the action after stimuli, whereas SMA-proper is one of the main generators of Bereitschaftspotential preceding self-paced, voluntary movements. In the more general anticipation of and attention to the forthcoming stimuli, non-primary motor cortices including pre-SMA, SMA-proper and lateral premotor area, and the prefrontal area are commonly involved.
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Findings from electrophysiology, human lesion and functional neuroimaging studies support the crucial role of the pre-SMA in response inhibition.
“Findings from electrophysiology, human lesion and functional neuroimaging studies support the crucial role of the pre-SMA in response inhibition.”
From Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent (2008) · cites this paper as Ikeda et al., 1999
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- Authors
- Ikeda, A.
- Affiliations
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ikeda, A.
- ORCID
- Ikeda, A.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-05-01
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 915-931
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2048868429
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- pre-supplementary motor area, supplementary motor area, prefrontal cortex, go/no-go task, readiness potential, sensory discrimination, decision-making, motor selection, anticipatory attention, epilepsy patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Discrimination, Psychological, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Cortex, Subdural Space, Volition
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