Progranulin: a new avenue towards the understanding and treatment of neurodegenerative disease
Open accessAbstract
Progranulin, a secreted glycoprotein, is encoded in humans by the single GRN gene. Progranulin consists of seven and a half, tandemly repeated, non-identical copies of the 12 cysteine granulin motif. Many cellular processes and diseases are associated with this unique pleiotropic factor that include, but are not limited to, embryogenesis, tumorigenesis, inflammation, wound repair, neurodegeneration and lysosome function. Haploinsufficiency caused by autosomal dominant mutations within the GRN gene leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration, a progressive neuronal atrophy that presents in patients as frontotemporal dementia. Frontotemporal dementia is an early onset form of dementia, distinct from Alzheimer's disease. The GRN-related form of frontotemporal lobar dementia is a proteinopathy characterized by the appearance of neuronal inclusions containing ubiquitinated and fragmented TDP-43 (encoded by TARDBP). The neurotrophic and neuro-immunomodulatory properties of progranulin have recently been reported but are still not well understood. Gene delivery of GRN in experimental models of Alzheimer's- and Parkinson's-like diseases inhibits phenotype progression. Here we review what is currently known concerning the molecular function and mechanism of action of progranulin in normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions in both in vitro and in vivo models. The potential therapeutic applications of progranulin in treating neurodegenerative diseases are highlighted.
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Haploinsufficiency from autosomal dominant progranulin mutations causes FTLD.
“Haploinsufficiency caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the progranulin gene leads to FTLD141.”
From Microglia in neurodegeneration (2018) · cites this paper as [141]
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“For example, both in vitro studies and lentiviral delivery of progranulin into mouse brains suggest that progranulin may be a chemoattractant for microglia (Pickford et al., 2011; Zhu et al., 2013).”
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Progranulin associates with Rab2 and is involved in autophagosome-lysosome fusion in Gaucher disease
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PGRN exerts inflammatory effects via SIRT1-NF-κB in adipose insulin resistance
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Progranulinopathy: A diverse realm of disorders linked to progranulin imbalances
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CSF sTREM2 is elevated in a subset in GRN-related frontotemporal dementia
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Emerging roles of leptin in Parkinson’s disease: Chronic inflammation, neuroprotection and more?
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Progranulin and Its Receptor Predict Kidney Function Decline in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
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MicroRNA Alterations in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Peroxisomal defects in microglial cells induce a disease-associated microglial signature
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SorCS2 binds progranulin to regulate motor neuron development
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Granulins Regulate Aging Kinetics in the Adult Zebrafish Telencephalon
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Recent advances in the study of progranulin and its role in sepsis
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Association between progranulin serum levels and dietary intake
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Harnessing nerve–muscle cell interactions for biomaterials‐based skeletal muscle regeneration
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Houghton, O. H., Mizielinska, S., & Gómez‐Suaga, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.838402 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Novel CSF Biomarkers Tracking Autoimmune Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Aspects of CNS Diseases
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Fluid Biomarkers of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
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Frontotemporal dementia as a consequence of GRN mutations: From disease cause to models to therapies
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Self-citationComplexity of progranulin mechanisms of action in mesothelioma
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LATE-NC Stage 3: a diagnostic rubric to differentiate severe LATE-NC from FTLD-TDP
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One novel GRN null mutation, two different aphasia phenotypes
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Thymus-Derived CD4+CD8+ Cells Reside in Mediastinal Adipose Tissue and the Aortic Arch
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Intrinsic link between PGRN and Gba1 D409V mutation dosage in potentiating Gaucher disease
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Folding of Truncated Granulin Peptides
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NEK1 and GRN mutations coexist in a sporadic Chinese Hui descent ALS patient
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- Authors
- Chitramuthu, B. P., Bennett, H. P. J., & Bateman, A.
- Affiliations
- McGill University Health Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Bennett, Hugh P J
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-08-18
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3081-3104
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2746890128
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 300
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- McGill University
- Weston Brain Institute
- McGill University Health Centre
- Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- progranulin, GRN gene, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, TDP-43, haploinsufficiency, lysosomal function, neurotrophic factors, gene therapy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, proteinopathies
- MeSH terms
- Progranulins, Granulins, Animals, Humans, Models, Neurological, Mutation, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mice, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, TDP-43 Proteinopathies, Frontotemporal Dementia, Haploinsufficiency, Molecular Targeted Therapy, In Vitro Techniques
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