Cited by 122Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

Fluid biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia: past, present and future

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Swift, Imogen Joanna, Sogorb-Esteve, Aitana, Heller, Carolin, Synofzik, Matthis, Otto, Markus, Graff, Caroline, Galimberti, Daniela, Todd, Emily +5 more·2021·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

Abstract

The frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders includes a heterogeneous group of conditions. However, following on from a series of important molecular studies in the early 2000s, major advances have now been made in the understanding of the pathological and genetic underpinnings of the disease. In turn, alongside the development of novel methodologies for measuring proteins and other molecules in biological fluids, the last 10 years have seen a huge increase in biomarker studies within FTD. This recent past has focused on attempting to develop markers that will help differentiate FTD from other dementias (particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD)), as well as from non-neurodegenerative conditions such as primary psychiatric disorders. While cerebrospinal fluid, and more recently blood, markers of AD have been successfully developed, specific markers identifying primary tauopathies or TDP-43 proteinopathies are still lacking. More focus at the moment has been on non-specific markers of neurodegeneration, and in particular, multiple studies of neurofilament light chain have highlighted its importance as a diagnostic, prognostic and staging marker of FTD. As clinical trials get under way in specific genetic forms of FTD, measures of progranulin and dipeptide repeat proteins in biofluids have become important potential measures of therapeutic response. However, understanding of whether drugs restore cellular function will also be important, and studies of key pathophysiological processes, including neuroinflammation, lysosomal function and synaptic health, are also now becoming more common. There is much still to learn in the fluid biomarker field in FTD, but the creation of large multinational cohorts is facilitating better powered studies and will pave the way for larger omics studies, including proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics, as well as investigations of multimodal biomarker combinations across fluids, brain imaging and other domains. Here we provide an overview of the past, present and future of fluid biomarkers within the FTD field.

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  1. [1]1. http://jnnp.bmj.com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323520 on 13 November 2020. Downloaded from on July 22, 2022 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://jnnp.bmj.com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323520 on 13 November 2020. Downloaded from on July 22, 2022 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://jnnp.bmj.com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323520 on 13 November 2020. Downloaded from on July 22, 2022 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://jnnp.bmj.com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323520 on 13 November 2020. Downloaded from on July 22, 2022 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://jnnp.bmj.com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323520 on 13 November 2020. Downloaded from on July 22, 2022 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://jnnp.bmj.com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323520 on 13 November 2020. Downloaded from on July 22, 2022 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://jnnp.bmj.com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323520 on 13 November 2020. Downloaded from REFERENCES

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Authors
Swift, I. J., Sogorb-Esteve, A., Heller, C., Synofzik, M., Otto, M., Graff, C., Galimberti, D., Todd, E., Heslegrave, A. J., van der Ende, E. L., Van Swieten, J. C., Zetterberg, H., & Rohrer, J. D.
Affiliations
  • UK Dementia Research Institute (GB)
  • German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
  • Universität Ulm (DE)
  • Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
Corresponding author
Rohrer, Jonathan Daniel
Venue
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2020-11-13
Volume
92
Issue
2
Pages
204-215
ISSN
  • 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-330X
OpenAlex
W3098615777
Cited by
122
References
157
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 14
FWCI
2.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council (MR/M008525/1, MR/M023664/1)
  • Research Trainees Coordinating Centre (BRC149/NS/MH)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords
frontotemporal dementia, fluid biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, blood biomarkers, neurofilament light chain, tauopathy, TDP-43 proteinopathy, progranulin, dipeptide repeat proteins, Alzheimer's disease differential diagnosis, neurodegeneration biomarkers, neuroinflammation, lysosomal function, treatment response monitoring, multimodal biomarkers, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics
MeSH terms
Diagnosis, Differential, Forecasting, Humans, Biomarkers, Frontotemporal Dementia

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