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The Functional Neuroanatomy of Metrical Stress Evaluation of Perceived and Imagined Spoken Words
Open accessAbstract
We hypothesized that areas in the temporal lobe that have been implicated in the phonological processing of spoken words would also be activated during the generation and phonological processing of imagined speech. We tested this hypothesis using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a behaviorally controlled task of metrical stress evaluation. Subjects were presented with bisyllabic words and had to determine the alternation of strong and weak syllables. Thus, they were required to discriminate between weak-initial words and strong-initial words. In one condition, the stimuli were presented auditorily to the subjects (by headphones). In the other condition the stimuli were presented visually on a screen and subjects were asked to imagine hearing the word. Results showed activation of the supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) and insula in both conditions. In the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) strong activation was observed during the auditory (perceptual) condition. However, a region located in the posterior part of the STS/STG also responded during the imagery condition. No activation of this same region of the STS was observed during a control condition which also involved processing of visually presented words, but which required a semantic decision from the subject. We suggest that processing of metrical stress, with or without auditory input, relies in part on cortical interface systems located in the posterior part of STS/STG. These results corroborate behavioral evidence regarding phonological loop involvement in auditory-verbal imagery.
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“Support for this idea has been provided by studies showing that inner speech activates similar brain regions to overt speech, including audition and language-related perceptual areas and supplementary motor areas, but does not typically activate primary motor cortex (Palmer et al., 2001; Zatorre et al., 1996; Aleman et al., 2005; Shuster and Lemieux, 2005).”
From Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech (2017) · cites this paper as Aleman et al., 2005
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“While previous data suggest that inner and overt speech share neural generators, relatively few neurophysiological studies have explored the extent to which these two processes are functionally equivalent.”
From Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech (2017) · cites this paper as Aleman et al., 2005
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“Methods of eliciting inner speech have typically involved either subvocal recitation (e.g. covertly repeating ‘You are a x’ in response to a cue; McGuire et al., 1995) or prompting participants to make phonological judgements about words using inner speech (such as which syllable to stress in pronunciation; Aleman et al., 2005).”
From The brain's conversation with itself: neural substrates of dialogic inner speech (2016) · cites this paper as Aleman et al., 2005
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“Although the IFG and insula are often implicated in inner-speech tasks (although see Jones, 2009), activations of posterior STG and lateral regions of temporal cortex are observed depending on specific task demands, such as self-monitoring of inner speech rate (Shergill et al., 2002) and phonology (Aleman et al., 2005).”
From The brain's conversation with itself: neural substrates of dialogic inner speech (2016) · cites this paper as Aleman et al., 2005
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“Approaches for counteracting this include the administration of behavioral tasks that require internal phonological judgments: asking participants to judge the metric stress of simple words, for example, is thought to require internal inspection of speech (Aleman et al., 2005).”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as Aleman et al., 2005
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“For both heard and imagined speech, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, and superior temporal gyrus were activated, although for the latter region only a posterior portion was active for imagined words.”
From Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015) · cites this paper as Aleman et al., 2005
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“The model is supported by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) research, which often reports that tasks thought to elicit inner speech (e.g., rhyme judgement, cued speech and metrical stress judgement) activate brain areas related to speech production, particularly the left inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG) (Aleman et al., 2005; Curcic-Blake et al., 2013”
From Bridging phenomenology and neural mechanisms of inner speech: ALE meta-analysis on egocentricity and spontaneity in a dual-mechanistic framework (2023) · cites this paper as Aleman et al., 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- Aleman, A.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Aleman, A.
- ORCID
- Aleman, A.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-07-06
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 221-228
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2132328054
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- metrical stress, imagined speech, phonological processing, supplementary motor area, Broca's area, insula, superior temporal gyrus, superior temporal sulcus, temporal lobe, phonological loop
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Dominance, Cerebral, Female, Humans, Imagination, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Phonetics, Photic Stimulation, Speech Perception, Temporal Lobe, Visual Perception
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