Brain regions involved in articulation
Abstract
Background The left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) is generally believed to be critical for the motor act of speech. A lesion-based analysis has, however, shown that the left anterior insula is necessary for accurate articulation. We used functional imaging in normal people to show the neural systems involved in speech during different speech tasks.Methods 12 normal people underwent positron emission tomography with oxygen-15-labelled water as tracer. We measured cerebral activity while participants performed three different tasks: repetition of heard nouns at different rates; listening to single nouns at different rates; and anticipation of listening or repetition. We analysed the data with imaging software.Findings Repetition of single words did not activate Broca's area but activity in three left-lateralised regions was seen: the anterior insula, a localised region in the lateral premotor cortex, and the posterior pallidum. The left anterior insula and lateral premotor cortex showed a conjunction of activity for hearing and articulation. In addition, articulation modulated the response to hearing words in the left dorsolateral temporal cortex, the physiological expression of the speaker's auditory attention being directed towards the stimuli and not his or her articulated responses.Interpretation The formulation of an articulatory plan is a function of the left anterior insula and lateral premotor cortex and not of Broca's area. The left basal ganglia seem to be dominant for speech, although the axial muscles involved receive their motor output from both cerebral hemispheres.
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The frontal region associated with speech articulation in functional imaging studies of the neurologically-intact brain is the more posterior precentral cortex.
“The frontal region associated with speech articulation in functional imaging studies of the neurologically-intact brain is, by contrast, the more posterior precentral cortex (Wise et al., 1999; Price, 2012).”
From Damage to Broca’s area does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after stroke (2021) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 1999
There is little posterior inferior frontal activation during auditory word repetition and reading aloud.
“The first was that there was surprisingly little posterior inferior frontal activation during auditory word repetition and reading aloud (Karbe et al., 1998; Wise et al., 1999)”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 1999
The left anterior insula contributes to articulatory planning.
“The contribution of the left anterior insula to articulatory planning was suggested in both functional imaging (Wise et al., 1999) and lesion (Dronkers, 1996) studies.”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 1999
Activation is left lateralized in the putamen during an overt versus silent stem completion task and in the posterior pallidum during auditory repetition.
“Activation was also left lateralized in the putamen during an overt versus silent stem completion task (Rosen et al., 2000) and in the posterior pallidum during auditory repetition (Wise et al., 1999).”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 1999
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- Authors
- Wise, R., Greene, J., Büchel, C., & Scott, S.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wise, RJS
- ORCID
- Büchel, C
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 353
- Issue
- 9158
- Pages
- 1057-1061
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2169563681
- Cited by
- 517
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 10.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (090961)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- speech articulation, Broca's area, lateral premotor cortex, articulatory planning, speech motor control, auditory attention, speech rate, basal ganglia, hemispheric lateralization
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Auditory Perception, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Middle Aged, Speech, Speech Articulation Tests, Speech Perception, Tomography, Emission-Computed
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