Videoconferencing psychological therapy and anxiety: a systematic review
Abstract
Background: The growing worldwide prevalence of individuals with anxiety disorders has increased needs for mental health services. Due to limited number of mental health providers and community resources, especially in low-income countries, individuals often seek services from primary care settings. Through collaborative care models, services via telemedicine address the mental health provider shortage. While previous reviews show telemedicine effectively treats mental illness, a gap exists for reviews on videoconferencing psychological therapy for anxiety treatment. Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize videoconferencing psychological therapy for anxiety disorder treatment. Methods: Database searches were performed with PubMed, PsychINFO and Embase. Inclusion criteria identified controlled and uncontrolled studies evaluating videoconferencing psychological therapy. Studies were appraised using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Data collected included research design, sample size, intervention details, outcome results, intervention effect size and differences between videoconferencing psychological therapy and face-to-face therapy. Results: The search revealed 1253 articles, with 21 meeting inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 121 participants; cognitive-behavioral therapy was most commonly evaluated. Participants' diagnoses included panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, social phobia and hypochondriasis. Three studies occurred in outpatient health care settings. Fourteen studies reported statistically significant improvement on anxiety measures; 11 reported clinically significant improvements. Effect sizes ranged from small to very large, and all controlled studies found no differences between videoconferencing and face-to face groups. Conclusion: Results provide promise for evidence-based interventions delivered via videoconferencing psychological therapy. More rigorous research is needed in various settings and populations.
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Technologically enhanced interventions generally result in equivalent outcomes to in-person treatment across disorders.
“technologically enhanced interventions generally result in equivalent outcomes to in-person treatment across disorders”
From Treatment histories, barriers, and preferences for individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (2024) · cites this paper as Berryhill et al., 2019
A systematic review of VCT-CBT for anxiety found that 14 of 21 studies found statistically significant improvements in anxiety and 11 reported clinically significant improvements, with anxiety reduction effect sizes ranging from small to very large.
“14 of 21 studies found statistically signi fi cant improvements in anxiety and 11 reported clinically signi fi cant improvements. Anxiety reduction effect sizes ranged from small to very large. 8”
Most controlled studies showed no statistically significant difference between VCT and in-person for depression, and all seven controlled studies found no difference between VCT and in-person for anxiety.
“Most controlled studies showed no statistically signi fi cant difference between VCT and in-person for depression 7 and all seven controlled studies found no difference between VCT and in-person for anxiety. 8”
An increasing number of studies have documented the efficacy and effectiveness of videoconferencing psychotherapy for mental health disorders.
“Indeed, an increasing number of studies have documented the efficacy and effectiveness of videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP) for mental health disorders [26,29,30,32,33].”
The RCT's findings confirm what has been found in previous clinical trials for other anxiety disorders and other non-anxiety disorders.
“The analyses confirmed, with an RCT conducted according to CONSORT guidelines, what has been found in previous clinical trials for other anxiety disorders [30,32,34,77] and other non-anxiety disorders [26,28,33].”
Most studies using videoconferencing have been conducted on anxiety-related disorders and major depression.
“Indeed, most studies using videoconferencing have been conducted on anxiety-related disorders and major depression [26,29,30,32,33,88].”
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- Authors
- Berryhill, M. B., Halli-Tierney, A., Culmer, N., Williams, N., Betancourt, A., King, M., & Ruggles, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berryhill, M Blake
- Venue
- Family Practice
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-09-04
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53-63
- ISSN
- 0263-2136 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2229
- OpenAlex
- W2891651976
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Family Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- videoconferencing, telemedicine, psychotherapy, anxiety disorders, cognitive behavioral therapy, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, health anxiety, mental health services, primary care, collaborative care
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Behavioral Medicine, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Videoconferencing
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