Day-to-Day changes in muscle protein synthesis in recovery from resistance, aerobic, and high-intensity interval exercise in older men
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise (RE) and aerobic exercise are recommended for older adults for fitness and strength. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIT) is an understudied but potent potential alternative to aerobic exercise. This study aimed to determine how each mode of exercise affected the integrated day-to-day response of muscle protein synthesis. METHODS: Sedentary men (n = 22; 67±4 years; body mass index: 27.0±2.6 kg m(-) (2) [mean ± SEM]) were randomly assigned to perform RE, aerobic exercise, or HIIT. Participants consumed a stable isotope tracer (D2O) for 9 days. Daily saliva samples were taken to measure tracer incorporation in body water. Muscle biopsies were obtained on Days 5-8 of D2O consumption to measure tracer incorporation into muscle at rest, 24 hours, and 48 hours following each exercise bout: RE (3 × 10 repetitions: leg extensor and press, 95% 10RM), HIIT (10 × 1 minute, 95% maximal heart rate [HRmax]), or aerobic exercise (30 minutes, 55%-60% HRmax). RESULTS: Myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rate was elevated, relative to rest, at 24 and 48 hours following RE and HIIT. The increase in myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate was greater following RE versus HIIT at both time points. HIIT was the only mode of exercise to increase sarcoplasmic protein fractional synthetic rate 24-hour postexercise (2.30±0.34% d(-) (1) vs 1.83±0.21% d(-) (1)). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that in older men, changes in muscle protein synthesis in response to certain exercises are long lasting and that HIIT significantly increases myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic fractional synthetic rate in this population.
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Sarcoplasmic protein synthesis was used as an indicator of mitochondrial protein synthesis because of the large amount of muscle needed to assess mitochondrial protein synthesis.
“SarcPS was used as an indicator of mitochondrial protein synthesis (MitoPS), as performed previously [24], due to the large amount of muscle needed to assess MitoPS (e.g., 80–100 mg).”
From Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
Protein synthesis within the sarcoplasmic fraction (SarcPS) is likely reflective of mitochondrial protein synthesis (MitoPS).
“and protein synthesis within this fraction (sarcoplasmic protein synthesis - SarcPS) is likely reflective of MitoPS [24].”
From Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
HIIE has consistently been reported to increase both SarcPS and MitoPS.
“Moreover, HIIE has consistently been reported to increase both SarcPS and MitoPS [24,57], and this likely accounts for the higher rate of SarcPS in the SR+EX group compared to the SR group.”
From Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Bell, K. E., Séguin, C., Parise, G., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Phillips, Stuart M.
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-02-02
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1024-1029
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- OpenAlex
- W1987465540
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 6.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP- 123296)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- muscle protein synthesis, high-intensity interval training, resistance training, aerobic exercise, older men, myofibrillar protein synthesis, fractional synthesis rate, post-exercise recovery, sedentary older adults, exercise mode comparison
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Proteins, Myofibrils, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Deuterium Oxide, Resistance Training
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