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Cited by 135Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Skeletal muscle and resistance exercise training; the role of protein synthesis in recovery and remodeling

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McGlory, Chris, Devries, Michaela C., Phillips, Stuart M.·2017·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00613.2016PMC PMC5401959
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Abstract

Exercise results in the rapid remodeling of skeletal muscle. This process is underpinned by acute and chronic changes in both gene and protein synthesis. In this short review we provide a brief summary of our current understanding regarding how exercise influences these processes as well as the subsequent impact on muscle protein turnover and resultant shift in muscle phenotype. We explore concepts of ribosomal biogenesis and the potential role of increased translational capacity vs. translational efficiency in contributing to muscular hypertrophy. We also examine whether high-intensity sprinting-type exercise promotes changes in protein turnover that lead to hypertrophy or merely a change in mitochondrial content. Finally, we propose novel areas for future study that will fill existing knowledge gaps in the fields of translational research and exercise science.

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Crossref · 10.1152/japplphysiol.00613.2016

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  • Acute spikes in mTORC1 signaling and transient post-exercise elevations in MPS frequently fail to reliably correlate with or predict the magnitude of macroscopic hypertrophy following months of continuous training.

    “acute spikes in mTORC1 signaling and transient post-exercise elevations in MPS frequently fail to reliably correlate with or predict the magnitude of macroscopic hypertrophy following months of continuous training”

    From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [22]

    The passage on post-exercise MPS (labeled Abstract in our copy; no page supplied) says early elevations are likely directed toward repair and remodeling rather than hypertrophy, and describes how the MPS response changes over 10 weeks of training. The copy also describes transient mTORC1 activity, but it does not establish that acute mTORC1 signaling or MPS frequently fails to correlate with or predict the magnitude of hypertrophy after months of training. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In early or moderate phases of hypertrophy, some degree of growth may occur without immediate satellite cell fusion, provided that existing myonuclei retain sufficient transcriptional reserve.

    “In early or moderate phases of hypertrophy, some degree of growth may occur without immediate satellite cell fusion, provided that existing myonuclei retain sufficient transcriptional reserve”

    From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [22]

    The passage labeled Abstract (page unavailable) says that, by the paper’s definition, hypertrophy commences immediately after exercise with protein feeding, supporting the possibility of early growth. It does not say that this growth occurs without satellite-cell fusion or depends on transcriptional reserve in existing myonuclei; the passage on satellite cells discusses remodeling without observed hypertrophy. (LLM, conf=0.80)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Ribosome biogenesis has been associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

    “ribosome biogenesis has been associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy [reviewed in (Chaillou et al., 2014; Wen et al., 2016; Mcglory et al., 2017; Bamman et al., 2018; Roberts et al., 2018a; Figueiredo and Mccarthy, 2019; Kim et al., 2019)]”

    From Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities (2021) · cites this paper as Mcglory et al., 2017

  • Satellite cell fusion is not an obligatory requirement at all stages of hypertrophy but becomes increasingly relevant when sustained loading pushes existing myonuclei toward their functional limits.

    “Rather than acting as an obligatory requirement at all stages of hypertrophy, satellite cell fusion is better interpreted as a mechanism that becomes increasingly relevant when sustained loading pushes existing myonuclei toward their functional limits [22,68].”

    From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [22]

    The passage on satellite cells (indexed as Abstract; page unavailable) discusses their activity during nonhypertrophic remodeling after high-intensity interval exercise. The References list a study associating substantial hypertrophy with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear addition, but our copy does not address whether fusion is unnecessary at early stages or becomes more relevant as existing myonuclei reach functional limits. Searches for myonuclear domain, fusion, and sustained loading did not establish that claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The long-term expansion of translational capacity may ultimately be constrained by the myonuclear domain (MND), which defines the cytoplasmic territory supported by each myonucleus.

    “The long-term expansion of translational capacity may ultimately be constrained by the myonuclear domain (MND), which defines the cytoplasmic territory supported by each myonucleus”

    From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [22]

    The section on translational efficiency and capacity discusses ribosomes and resistance exercise, but does not connect long-term translational capacity to a myonuclear-domain limit. Searches for “myonuclear domain,” cytoplasmic territory, and myonuclei found no passage in our copy addressing that proposed constraint. (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
McGlory, C., Devries, M. C., & Phillips, S. M.
Affiliations
McMaster University (CA)
Corresponding author
Phillips, Stuart M.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2017-03-01
Volume
122
Issue
3
Pages
541-548
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.00613.2016
PMC
PMC5401959
OpenAlex
W2530483551
Cited by
135
References
101
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
FWCI
0.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
skeletal muscle, resistance training, muscle protein synthesis, muscle protein turnover, muscle remodeling, muscle recovery, ribosome biogenesis, translational capacity, translation efficiency, muscle hypertrophy, mitochondrial content, muscle phenotype
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Proteins, Protein Biosynthesis, Muscle, Skeletal, Recovery of Function, Resistance Training

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