Training-Induced Changes in Mitochondrial Content and Respiratory Function in Human Skeletal Muscle
Open accessAbstract
A sedentary lifestyle has been linked to a number of metabolic disorders that have been associated with sub-optimal mitochondrial characteristics and an increased risk of premature death. Endurance training can induce an increase in mitochondrial content and/or mitochondrial functional qualities, which are associated with improved health and well-being and longer life expectancy. It is therefore important to better define how manipulating key parameters of an endurance training intervention can influence the content and functionality of the mitochondrial pool. This review focuses on mitochondrial changes taking place following a series of exercise sessions (training-induced mitochondrial adaptations), providing an in-depth analysis of the effects of exercise intensity and training volume on changes in mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial content and mitochondrial respiratory function. We provide evidence that manipulation of different exercise training variables promotes specific and diverse mitochondrial adaptations. Specifically, we report that training volume may be a critical factor affecting changes in mitochondrial content, whereas relative exercise intensity is an important determinant of changes in mitochondrial respiratory function. As a consequence, a dissociation between training-induced changes in mitochondrial content and mitochondrial respiratory function is often observed. We also provide evidence that exercise-induced changes are not necessarily predictive of training-induced adaptations, we propose possible explanations for the above discrepancies and suggestions for future research.
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Training volume influences changes in mitochondrial content, whereas relative exercise intensity determines alterations in mitochondrial respiratory function.
“Training volume plays a crucial role in influencing changes in mitochondrial content, whereas relative exercise intensity is a key factor in determining alterations in mitochondrial respiratory function [68].”
From Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
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An Examination and Critique of Current Methods to Determine Exercise Intensity
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Self-citationExercise Metabolism and Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle
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“Mammalian myocytes can respond to endurance training with nearly 2-fold increases in mitochondrial abundance (e.g. Holloszy & Coyle, 1984; Granata et al. 2018), leading to significant decreases in lactate production, increased removal, and decreased net accumulation.”
BackgroundBishop, D. J., Botella, J., Genders, A. J., Lee, M. J.-C., Saner, N. J., Kuang, J., Yan, X., & Granata, C. (2019) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00038.2018 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationBurtscher, J., Millet, G. P., Place, N., Kayser, B., & Zanou, N. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22126479 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“Higher exercise volumes [70], multiple exercise sessions per day, and elevated intensity [69] are associated with increasing stimulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis and mitochondrial fusion, improving structural and functional mitochondrial features.”
BackgroundMølmen, K. S., Almquist, N. W., & Skattebo, Ø. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02120-2 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Granata and colleagues [11] pooled the results from 58 exercise training studies and found no significant association between exercise training intensity (% of Wmax) and change in mitochondrial content, as assessed by either CS activity or MvD.”
InfluentialHuertas, J. R., Casuso, R. A., Hernansanz‐Agustín, P., & Cogliati, S. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/7058350 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
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“Aging, prolonged inactivity, and several chronic diseases negatively affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial and myofibrillar properties (Clark, 2009; Zizola and Schulze, 2013; Gram et al., 2014; Rontoyanni et al., 2017; Granata et al., 2018; Holloway et al., 2018).”
BackgroundGranata, C., Caruana, N. J., Botella, J., Jamnick, N. A., Huynh, K., Kuang, J., Janssen, H. A., Reljic, B., Mellett, N. A., Laskowski, A., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27153-3 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
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“SET was chosen in view of evidence indicating its effectiveness to increase mitochondrial respiratory capacity, up-regulate mitochondrial proteins, and enhance performance (7, 33, 34).”
BackgroundMethodRosenblat, M. A., Granata, C., & Thomas, S. G. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01624-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“[23] study included HIIT, SIT, and MICT in the same analysis, whereas the analysis in the current review divided exercise types into different groups, and did not include studies assessing MICT.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationBishop, D. J., Botella, J., & Granata, C. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp277634 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“There was, however, no significant association between exercise intensity and changes in mitochondrial content (as assessed by either CS activity or TEM; Granata et al. 2018b).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationMetabolic Health—The Role of Adipo-Myokines
Gräf, C., & Ferrari, N. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20246159 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“It seems critical that an (exercise) stimulus needs to pass a certain threshold level to be effective [99], but this assumption may be based on a methodological problem.”
BackgroundChristiansen, D., Eibye, K., Hostrup, M., & Bangsbo, J. (2020) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp279554 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“maximal ex vivo respiration) with high-intensity training have been reported without a concurrent upregulation of mitochondrial protein expression in human skeletal muscle (Granata et al. 2018).”
BackgroundBurtscher, J., Burtscher, M., & Millet, G. P. (2021) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2021.101976 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Importantly, remodeling of mitochondrial functions can be controlled by the selection of different types of exercise, duration and intensity [123,136], in theory enabling targeted exercise intervention to”
InfluentialEffects of Dietary Supplements on Adaptations to Endurance Training
Rothschild, J. A., & Bishop, D. J. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01185-8 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationMalta, E. D. S., Dutra, Y. M., Broatch, J. R., Bishop, D. J., & Zagatto, A. M. (2020) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01362-0 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationThe influence of aerobic exercise on mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle
Philp, A. M., Saner, N. J., Lazarou, M., Ganley, I. G., & Philp, A. (2020) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp279411 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The role of mitochondria in iron overload-induced damage
Zhao, Y., Yang, M., & Liang, X. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05740-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Polarized Training Is Not Optimal for Endurance Athletes
BURNLEY, M., BEARDEN, S. E., & JONES, A. M. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002869 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ferguson, R. A., Mitchell, E. A., Taylor, C. W., Bishop, D. J., & Christiansen, D. (2021) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep089280 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Mitochondrial biogenesis can be defined as the making of new components of the mitochondrial reticulum (Granata et al., 2018) and can include changes in mitochondrial content, mitochondrial respiratory function or other aspects of mitochondrial quality, such as the density of the cristae or…”
Self-citationExercise twice‐a‐day potentiates markers of mitochondrial biogenesis in men
Andrade‐Souza, V. A., Ghiarone, T., Sansonio, A., Silva, K. A. S., Tomazini, F., Arcoverde, L., Fyfe, J. J., Perri, E., Saner, N. J., Kuang, J., et al. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201901207rr · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, J., Zhang, S., Li, C., Zhang, X., Shan, Y., Zhang, Z., Hai, B., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-72088-6 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Are Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria a Cause or Consequence of Insulin Resistance?
Genders, A. J., Holloway, G. P., & Bishop, D. J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21186948 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Exercise-induced improvements in insulin resistance were recently shown to disappear after four non-exercise days [63], while other studies have reported a much slower decline in mitochondrial content [49].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLiu, S., Yu, C., Xie, L., Niu, Y., & Fu, L. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab029 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Common methods in mitochondrial research (Review)
Yin, Y., & Shen, H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2022.5182 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“copy (EM) has become the central tool for observing organelles in eukaryotic cells and is the gold standard for observing mito‐ chondrial structure (60).”
MethodPhysiological basis of interval training for performance enhancement
Gibala, M. J. (2020) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep088190 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Acute RyR1 Ca2+ leak enhances NADH-linked mitochondrial respiratory capacity
Zanou, N., Dridi, H., Reiken, S. R., de Lima, T. I., Donnelly, C., Marchi, U. D., Ferrini, M., Vidal, J., Sittenfeld, L. R., Feige, J. N., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27422-1 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Schader, J. F., Haid, M., Cecil, A., Schoenfeld, J., Halle, M., Pfeufer, A., Prehn, C. P., Adamski, J., Nieman, D. C., & Scherr, J. (2020) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo10030087 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“High-intensity interval training improves mitochondrial respiratory function [16] whereas endurance training increases the mitochondrial content [17].”
BackgroundDreher, S. I., Irmler, M., Pivovarova‐Ramich, O., Kessler, K., Jürchott, K., Sticht, C., Fritsche, L., Schneeweiß, P., Machann, J., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01271-y · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“It is known that in SM mitochondrial respiration is induced in response to training [12, 23, 48] which we confirmed in our study accompanied by the strong acute induction of mitochondrial marker PGC1α expression in SM as an acute response to exercise bouts.”
BackgroundBishop, D. J., Lee, M. J.-C., & Picard, M. A. (2024) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-104836 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Y., Li, P., Cao, Y., Liu, C., Wang, J., & Wu, W. (2022) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2022.0603 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Longterm regular exercise can increase mitochondrial number and biogenesis, resulting in good adaptation of muscle cells [81].”
BackgroundGenders, A. J., Martin, S. D., McGee, S. L., & Bishop, D. J. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00214.2018 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationStocks, B., Dent, J. R., Ogden, H. B., Zemp, M., & Philp, A. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00311.2018 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Human muscular mitochondrial fusion in athletes during exercise
Huertas, J. R., Ruiz‐Ojeda, F. J., Plaza‐Díaz, J., Nordsborg, N. B., Martín‐Albo, J., Rueda‐Robles, A., & Casuso, R. A. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201900365rr · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“humans, SIT increases leg mitochondrial respiration without an increment inmitochondrial content (30),which could be explained by an improvement of mitochondrial function through eliminating defective organelles by fission and mitophagy (40).”
BackgroundGranata, C., Oliveira, R. S. F., Little, J. P., & Bishop, D. J. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00233.2019 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationMitochondrial respiration variability and simulations in human skeletal muscle: The Gene SMART study
Jacques, M., Kuang, J., Bishop, D. J., Yan, X., Alvarez‐Romero, J., Munson, F., GARNHAM, A. P., Papadimitriou, I. D., Voisin, S. A. C., & Eynon, N. (2020) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201901997rr · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationLarsen, F. J., Schiffer, T. A., Zinner, C., Willis, S. J., Morales‐Álamo, D., Calbet, J. A. L., Boushel, R., & Holmberg, H. (2020) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13463 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Papadimitriou, I. D., Eynon, N., Yan, X., Munson, F., Jacques, M., Kuang, J., Voisin, S. A. C., North, K. N., & Bishop, D. J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49042-y · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationMuscle Ionic Shifts During Exercise: Implications for Fatigue and Exercise Performance
Hostrup, M., Cairns, S. P., & Bangsbo, J. (2021) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c190024 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology and treatment of common metabolic diseases in humans
Georgiev, A., Granata, C., & Roden, M. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00035.2022 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationJacob, N., So, I., Sharma, B., Marzolini, S., Tartaglia, M. C., OH, P. I., & Green, R. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01815-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Mitochondrial density can increase in response to continued exercise training [83], leading to decreased peripheral lactate accumulation [79].”
BackgroundEffects of exercise timing on metabolic health
Martínez‐Montoro, J. I., Benítez‐Porres, J., Tinahones, F. J., Ortega‐Gómez, A., & Murri, M. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13599 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“It is noteworthy that exercise training is able to induce beneficial mitochondrial adaptations, including enhanced mitochondrial content, protein synthesis, oxidative capacity, or biogenesis, as well as the more efficient removal of dysfunctional/damaged mitochondria, with derived benefits in metabolic health.(118,119…”
Exercise as a tool to mitigate metabolic disease
Esteves, J. V. D. C., & Stanford, K. I. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00144.2024 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Batterson, P. M., Norton, M. R., Hetz, S. E., Rohilla, S., Lindsay, K. G., Subudhi, A. W., & Jacobs, R. A. (2020) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14342 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“, 2017), volume density (Granata et al., 2018; Hamaoka et al., 1996; Meinild Lundby et al., 2018), and maximal rates of respiration (Granata et al.”
BackgroundSkattebo, Ø., Bjerring, A. W., Auensen, M., Sarvari, S. I., Cumming, K. T., Capelli, C., & Hallén, J. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04336-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Boosting mitochondrial health to counteract neurodegeneration
Burtscher, J., Romani, M., Bernardo, G., Popa, T., Ziviani, E., Hummel, F. C., Sorrentino, V., & Millet, G. P. (2022) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102289 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“…of exercise, as well as its intensity and frequency determines the outcomes of exercise interventions on mitochondrial functions (Egan et al., 2013; Granata et al., 2018; Harper et al., 2021): for example, regular moderate physical activity seems to be particularly suited to enhance mitochondrial…”
BackgroundMyokine, a key cytokine for physical exercise to alleviate sarcopenic obesity
Zhang, L., Lv, J., Wang, C., Ren, Y., & Ming, Y. (2022) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-022-07821-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gurd, B. J., Menezes, E. S., Arhen, B. B., & Islam, H. (2022) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.016 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Discordant skeletal muscle gene and protein responses to exercise
Bishop, D. J., Hoffman, N. J., Taylor, D. F., Saner, N. J., Lee, M. J.-C., & Hawley, J. A. (2023) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2023.08.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationReassessing the relationship between mRNA levels and protein abundance in exercised skeletal muscles
Bishop, D. J., & Hawley, J. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00541-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationToro-Román, V., Siquier-Coll, J., Bartolomé, I., Pérez, F. J. G., Muñoz, D., & Maynar-Mariño, M. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00426-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Chávez-Guevara, I. A., Hernández‐Torres, R. P., González-Rodríguez, E., Ramos‐Jiménez, A., & Amaro‐Gahete, F. J. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04936-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Jeong, I., Cho, E., Yook, J.-S., Choi, Y., Park, D., Kang, J., Lee, S.-H., Seo, D. Y., Jung, S., & Kwak, H. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14080962 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mahmassani, Z. S., Reidy, P. T., McKenzie, A. I., Stubben, C., Howard, M. T., & Drummond, M. J. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01093.2018 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kuang, J., Saner, N. J., Botella, J., Lee, M. J.-C., Granata, C., Wang, Z., Yan, X., Li, J., Genders, A. J., & Bishop, D. J. (2022) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13772 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationDenham, J. (2023) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13836 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“= denotes a potential role in the healthy biological ageing conferred by exercise training; red line = acute exercise effect; blue line = chronic exercise effect. et al., 2016; Granata et al., 2018; Memme et al., 2021).”
BackgroundCardiorespiratory coordination reveals training-specific physiological adaptations
García‐Retortillo, S., Gacto, M., O’Leary, T. J., Noon, M. R., Hristovski, R., Balagué, N., & Morris, M. G. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04160-3 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Rosenblat, M. A., Lin, E. B., da Costa, B. R., & Thomas, S. G. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01457-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“An increase in measures of mitochondrial biogenesis is an important adaption that occurs following SIT [75, 100].”
BackgroundMitochondrial Functionality in Inflammatory Pathology-Modulatory Role of Physical Activity
Casuso, R. A., & Huertas, J. R. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11010061 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“In this regard, moderate exercise is able to improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and dynamics [54,70] even in aged skeletal muscle [55].”
BackgroundPaquette, M., Bieuzen, F., & Billaut, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2020.00047 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“However, the most plausible explanation for the decreased SmO2 in the 200-m and 1,000-m TT is an increase in O2 consumption by the locomotor muscle, due to training-induced increase in mitochondrial content (Granata et al., 2018), resulting in improved O2 extraction.”
BackgroundReisman, E. G., Botella, J., Huang, C., Schittenhelm, R. B., Stroud, D. A., Granata, C., Chandrasiri, O. S., Ramm, G., Oorschot, V. M. J., Caruana, N. J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50632-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationStavrinou, P. S., Astorino, T. A., Giannaki, C. D., Aphamis, G., & Bogdanis, G. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1553846 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Takahashi, K., Kitaoka, Y., Yamamoto, K., Matsunaga, Y., & Hatta, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030770 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“However, although it is generally considered that mitochondrial content and respiration increase in parallel [45], this is not the case in some studies [46,47].”
ResultThe effect of HIIT vs. SIT on muscle oxygenation in trained sprint kayakers
Paquette, M., Bieuzen, F., & Billaut, F. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04743-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Harmsen, J., Kotte, M., Habets, I., Bosschee, F., Frenken, K. G., Jörgensen, J. A., de Kam, S. S., Moonen‐Kornips, E., Cissen, J., Doligkeit, D., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp285523 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ghiarone, T., Andrade‐Souza, V. A., LEARSI, S. K., Tomazini, F., Ataide‐Silva, T., Sansonio, A., Fernandes, M. P., Saraiva, K., de Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q., Tourneur, Y., et al. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00060.2019 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationPengam, M., Amérand, A., Simon, B. M., Guernec, A., Inizan, M., & Cann-Moisan, C. (2021) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep089231 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“If minimal exercise intensity is likely required to improve mitochondrial biogenesis (Bishop et al., 2019), training volume may also be a key determinant of training-induced changes in mitochondrial content (Granata et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodD’Alleva, M., Vaccari, F., Graniero, F., Giovanelli, N., Floreani, M., Fiori, F., Marinoni, M., Parpinel, M. T., & Lazzer, S. (2023) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2023.01.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Li, Y., Zhao, W., & Yang, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1554222 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“The benefits of moderate exercise on overall health are well-established, with exercise regimens tailored to meet the specific needs of diverse populations, including individuals with various diseases, conditions, and age groups (Granata et al., 2018; Widmann et al., 2019).”
Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis
Wang, J., Jia, D., Zhang, Z., & Wang, D. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15010059 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Long-Term Physical Exercise for Preventing CKD in Older Adults
Hallan, S. I., Øvrehus, M. A., Shlipak, M. G., Potok, O. A., Romundstad, S., Aspvik, N. P., Wisløff, U., Ix, J. H., Stensvold, D., & Langlo, K. A. R. (2025) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.0000000636 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cardinale, D. A., Gejl, K. D., Petersen, K. G., Nielsen, J., Ørtenblad, N., & Larsen, F. J. (2021) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00829.2020 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Yamada, T., Kimura, I., Ashida, Y., Tamai, K., Fusagawa, H., Tohse, N., Westerblad, H., Andersson, D. C., & Sato, T. (2021) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202101204r · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gejl, K. D., Andersson, E. P., Nielsen, J., Holmberg, H., & Ørtenblad, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00810 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Eight Weeks of Physical Training Decreases 2 Years of DNA Methylation Age of Sedentary Women
Rodrigues, G. D. S., Noma, I. H. Y., Noronha, N., Watanabe, L. M., Sobrinho, A. C. D. S., de Lima, J. R. D., Sae-Lee, C., Benjamim, C. J. R., Nonino, C., & Bueno, C. (2023) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2023.2228388 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Training intervention can influence the changes in the content and functionality of the mitochondrial pool (Granata et al., 2018).”
BackgroundExercise—A Panacea of Metabolic Dysregulation in Cancer: Physiological and Molecular Insights
Raun, S. H., Buch‐Larsen, K., Schwarz, P., & Sylow, L. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22073469 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Concurrent training in team sports: A systematic review
Seipp, D., Quittmann, O. J., Fasold, F., & Klatt, S. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541221099846 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mesquita, P. H. C., Godwin, J. S., Ruple, B. A., Sexton, C. L., McIntosh, M. C., Mueller, B. J., Osburn, S. C., Mobley, C. B., Libardi, C. A., Young, K. C., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp284822 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Several studies have shown increased mitochondrial content and function in response to various forms of ET (Granata et al., 2018; Jacobs et al., 2013; MacInnis & Gibala, 2017).”
BackgroundBotella, J., Perri, E., Caruana, N. J., López-Calcerrada, S., Brischigliaro, M., Jamnick, N. A., Oorschot, V. M. J., Saner, N. J., Díaz‐Lara, J., Taylor, D. F., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66625-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The mosttime-ef fi cient form of HIIE is termed sprint-interval exercise (SIE) and requires as little as four to six 30-s all-out sprints 23 , making it an attractive exercise prescription given the time constraints of modern society 24,25 .”
Self-citationRønnestad, B. R., Bjerkrheim, K. A., Hansen, J., & Mølmen, K. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.948127 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“There seems to be growing evidence for the importance of accumulated time ≥90% of V̇O2max to maximally stress cardiorespiratory parameters in well-trained endurance athletes (20–22), which also is an intensity domain known to induce a large muscular stimulus eventually leading to favourable muscular adaptations such a…”
BackgroundPreobrazenski, N., Islam, H., & Gurd, B. J. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04669-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mahatme, S., Vaishali, K., Kumar, N., Rao, V., Kovela, R. K., & Sinha, M. K. (2022) · Medicine and Pharmacy Reports · doi:10.15386/mpr-2201 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Training at high-intensity intervals (HIIT) is a time-efficient strategy that significantly induces biogenesis and serves as a potential remodeling technique [3,12-14].”
BackgroundPhysiological adaptations to interval training to promote endurance
Gibala, M. J., Bostad, W., & McCarthy, D. G. (2019) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2019.05.013 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Localized Heat Therapy Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity but Not Fatty Acid Oxidation
Marchant, E. D., Kaluhiokalani, J. P., Wallace, T. E., Ahmadi, M., Dorff, A., Linde, J. J., Leach, O. K., Hyldahl, R. D., Gifford, J. R., & Hancock, C. R. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158500 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“While mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity often track together, this is not always the case [51].”
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Football and team handball training postpone cellular aging in women
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“302 Some studies have suggested that VO2max and aerobic capacity are not only limited by 303 cardiorespiratory factors, but also by the mitochondria (32, 36).”
BackgroundA Simple Model for Diagnosis of Maladaptations to Exercise Training
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“[11] to assess oxidative capacity has previously been validated against mitochondrial respiratory capacity [12], which is related to mitochondrial content and training volume [13].”
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“Studies have shown, that although related, these aspects of mitochondrial adaptation may be independent, especially in exercise adaptations [35].”
BackgroundInfluentialSmall peptides: Could they have a big role in metabolism and the response to exercise?
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“…adaptations in humans, including elevated abundance of mitochondrial proteins, increased mitochondrial content and greater mitochondrial respiratory function (Daussin et al., 2008; Granata et al., 2016a, b; Montero & Lundby, 2017; for a comprehensive review, please see Granata et al., 2018).”
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- Authors
- Granata, C., Jamnick, N. A., & Bishop, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Victoria University (AU)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Granata, Cesare
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2018-06-22
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1809-1828
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-2035
- OpenAlex
- W2809197837
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- vuir.vu.edu.au
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial respiratory function, endurance training, skeletal muscle, exercise intensity, training volume, mitochondrial translation, sedentary lifestyle, training effects
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Exercise Test, Humans, Mitochondria, Muscle, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Cell Respiration, Physical Conditioning, Human
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