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Cited by 68Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

The effect of sleep restriction, with or without high‐intensity interval exercise, on myofibrillar protein synthesis in healthy young men

Open access
Saner, Nicholas J., Lee, Matthew J.‐C., Pitchford, Nathan W., Kuang, Jujiao, Roach, Gregory D., Garnham, Andrew, Stokes, Tanner, Phillips, Stuart M. +2 more·2020·The Journal of Physiology
DOI 10.1113/jp278828PMC PMC7217042
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Abstract

Key points: Sleep restriction has previously been associated with the loss of muscle mass in both human and animal models. The rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) is a key variable in regulating skeletal muscle mass and can be increased by performing high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), although the effect of sleep restriction on MyoPS is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that participants undergoing a sleep restriction protocol (five nights, with 4 h in bed each night) had lower rates of skeletal muscle MyoPS; however, rates of MyoPS were maintained at control levels by performing HIIE during this period. Our data suggest that the lower rates of MyoPS in the sleep restriction group may contribute to the detrimental effects of sleep loss on muscle mass and that HIIE may be used as an intervention to counteract these effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep restriction, with or without high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), on the potential mechanisms underpinning previously‐reported sleep‐loss‐induced reductions to muscle mass. Twenty‐four healthy, young men underwent a protocol consisting of two nights of controlled baseline sleep and a five‐night intervention period. Participants were allocated into one of three parallel groups, matched for age, , body mass index and habitual sleep duration; a normal sleep (NS) group [8 h time in bed (TIB) each night], a sleep restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB each night), and a sleep restriction and exercise group (SR+EX, 4 h TIB each night, with three sessions of HIIE). Deuterium oxide was ingested prior to commencing the study and muscle biopsies obtained pre‐ and post‐intervention were used to assess myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) and molecular markers of protein synthesis and degradation signalling pathways. MyoPS was lower in the SR group [fractional synthetic rate (% day –1 ), mean ± SD, 1.24 ± 0.21] compared to both the NS (1.53 ± 0.09) and SR+EX groups (1.61 ± 0.14) ( P < 0.05). However, there were no changes in the purported regulators of protein synthesis (i.e. p‐AKT ser473 and p‐mTOR ser2448 ) and degradation (i.e. Foxo1/3 mRNA and LC3 protein) in any group. These data suggest that MyoPS is acutely reduced by sleep restriction, although MyoPS can be maintained by performing HIIE. These findings may explain the sleep‐loss‐induced reductions in muscle mass previously reported and also highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of HIIE to maintain myofibrillar remodelling in this context.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

Five nights of sleep restriction (4 h time in bed/night) reduced myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) in healthy young men, but performing three sessions of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) during sleep restriction maintained MyoPS at normal-sleep levels. Molecular markers of protein synthesis and degradation signalling did not change in any group.

Key findings

  • MyoPS was lower in the sleep restriction (SR) group [fractional synthetic rate (FSR), mean ± SD, 1.24 ± 0.21% day⁻¹] than in both normal sleep (NS; 1.53 ± 0.09% day⁻¹) and sleep restriction plus exercise (SR+EX; 1.61 ± 0.14% day⁻¹) groups (P < 0.05).
  • Between-group differences: SR vs NS was −0.29 ± 0.08 FSR % day⁻¹ (95% CI −0.50 to −0.09, P = 0.004); SR vs SR+EX was −0.37 ± 0.09 FSR % day⁻¹ (95% CI −0.58 to −0.17, P < 0.001); NS vs SR+EX did not differ (0.08 ± 0.06 FSR % day⁻¹, 95% CI −0.29 to 0.12, P = 0.95).
  • Sleep restriction reduced total sleep time versus baseline in SR (−224 ± 20 min) and SR+EX (−223 ± 9 min), and versus NS during intervention (SR −219 ± 8 min; SR+EX −214 ± 8 min; both P < 0.001).
  • There were no changes in purported regulators of protein synthesis (p-AKTser473, p-mTORser2448) or degradation (Foxo1/3 mRNA, LC3 protein) in any group; Murf1 mRNA showed a significant interaction (P = 0.026) but no post hoc between-group differences.

Methods

  • Twenty-four healthy, recreationally active young men (18–40 years) were allocated to three parallel groups matched for age, V̇O2peak, BMI and habitual sleep duration: NS (n = 8; 8 h TIB/night), SR (n = 8; 4 h TIB/night for five nights), and SR+EX (n = 8; 4 h TIB/night plus three HIIE sessions on days 4, 5 and 6).
  • The protocol included two baseline sleep nights, a five-night intervention, and a final ad libitum recovery night; diet was standardized (carbohydrate 4.5 g kg⁻¹ day⁻¹, protein 1.5 g kg⁻¹ day⁻¹, fat 1 g kg⁻¹ day⁻¹), and HIIE consisted of 10 × 60 s cycling intervals at 90% Wpeak with 75 s active recovery.
  • MyoPS was assessed by deuterium oxide tracer and muscle biopsies pre- and post-intervention, with FSR calculated from saliva and myofibrillar ²H enrichment; molecular markers were measured by western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR, with mixed ANOVA and one-way ANOVA used for statistical comparisons.

Limitations

  • The paper states that it did not directly measure changes in muscle mass; the intervention was probably too short to detect lean mass changes by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and future studies should include direct measures such as MRI or cross-sectional area.
  • The paper states that it is unclear how the observed MyoPS rate compares with baseline MyoPS, that a normal sleep plus exercise group would have provided further mechanistic insight, and that findings may not generalize beyond young men without further research including female and older participants.
  • Evident from the text: group sizes were small (n = 8 per group), the post-intervention biopsy occurred 48 h after the final exercise session so transient signalling changes may have been missed, p-p70S6Kthr389 could not be assessed because of antibody reliability issues, and RT-PCR data for the NS group included only seven participants because of limited muscle sample collection.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1113/jp278828

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 59 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Following five nights of sleep restriction (4 h TIB each night), the rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) was significantly lower (by 19%) compared to the normal sleep (NS) and sleep restriction plus exercise (SR+EX) groups.

    “We discovered that, following five nights of sleep restriction (4 h TIB, each night), the rate of MyoPS was significantly lower (by 19%) compared to the NS and SR+EX groups.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    There was no difference in rates of MyoPS between the SR+EX and NS groups.

    “whereas there was no difference in rates of MyoPS between the SR+HIIE and NS group.”
    • Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
      “participants in the SR+EX group had higher rates of MyoPS than the SR group and were similar to those in the NS group.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In healthy young men, myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) is higher after five nights of sleep restriction with three sessions of high-intensity interval exercise (SR+EX) than after sleep restriction alone (SR).

    “Furthermore, MyoPS was significantly lower in the SR group compared to the SR+EX group (−0.37 ± 0.09 FSR % day–1, 95% CI = −0.58 to −0.17 FSR % day–1, P < 0.001).”
    • Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
      “MyoPS was lower in the SR group [fractional synthetic rate (% day–1), mean ± SD, 1.24 ± 0.21] compared to both the NS (1.53 ± 0.09) and SR+EX groups (1.61 ± 0.14) (P < 0.05).”
    • Also stated in: § Key points · plain
      “rates of MyoPS were maintained at control levels by performing HIIE during this period.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    There was a significant interaction effect for Murf1 mRNA gene expression.

    “Despite there being a significant interaction effect for Murf1 mRNA gene expression (P = 0.026)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In healthy young men, there is no difference in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) between normal sleep (NS) and sleep restriction with high-intensity interval exercise (SR+EX).

    “There was no difference in MyoPS between the NS and SR+EX groups (0.08 ± 0.06 FSR % day–1, 95% CI = −0.29 to 0.12 FSR % day–1, P = 0.95).”
    • Also stated in: § Key points · plain
      “rates of MyoPS were maintained at control levels by performing HIIE during this period.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 10
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 16

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There were no changes in protein content of p-AKTser473/AKT (total), p-mTORser2448/mTOR (total), p70S6K, Caspase 3, p-4EBP1thr37/46, p-TSC2thr1462/TSC2 (total), LC3BII:I ratio, or NFκB from pre- to post-intervention.

    “There were no changes in p‐AKTser473/AKT (total) (P = 0.15), p‐mTORser2448/mTOR (Total) (P = 0.15), p70S6K (P = 0.28), Caspase 3 (P = 0.19), p‐4EBP1thr37/46 (P = 0.67), p‐TSC2thr1462/TSC2 (Total) (P = 0.29), LC3BII:I ratio (P = 0.88) or NFκB (P = 0.72) protein content from pre‐ to post‐intervention (Fig. 4).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Reductions in muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and specifically myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS), rather than increases in muscle protein breakdown (MPB), underlie muscle loss induced by interventions such as muscle disuse, limb immobilization and step reduction.

    “Interventions known to induce loss of muscle mass (such as muscle disuse, limb immobilization and step reduction) suggest that reductions in MPS, and specifically myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS), rather than increases in MPB, underlie these changes (Symons et al. 2009; Breen et al. 2013; Rudrappa et al. 2016).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Symons et al. 2009

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    • cites Breen et al. 2013

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    • cites Rudrappa et al. 2016

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    Sleep was assessed using wrist-watch activity devices with a validated automated scoring algorithm.

    “Sleep was assessed using wrist‐watch activity devices worn on the non‐dominant wrist (Actiwatch 2; Philips Respironics, Murrysville, PA, USA) with device activity sensitivity set to medium (40 activity counts per 30 s epoch) (Kosmadopoulos et al. 2014; Sargent et al. 2016), collected at 32 Hz and scored using a validated automated scoring algorithm (Oakley, 1997).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Oakley, 1997

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  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Previous reports have shown reductions in muscle mass when obtaining insufficient sleep.

    “Previous reports have shown reductions in muscle mass when obtaining insufficient sleep (Nedeltcheva et al. 2010; Dattilo et al. 2012; de Sa Souza et al. 2016)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Nedeltcheva et al. 2010

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    • cites Dattilo et al. 2012

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    • cites de Sa Souza et al. 2016

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Protein synthesis is regulated via activation of the AKT-mTOR-p70S6K signalling pathway, which subsequently leads to increases in strength and muscle mass over time.

    “At the molecular level, protein synthesis is regulated via the activation of the AKT‐mTOR‐p70S6K signalling pathway, which subsequently leads to increases in strength and muscle mass over time (Bodine et al. 2001).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Bodine et al. 2001

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Participants were monitored at all times throughout the study by a member of the research team to ensure adherence to the protocol.

    “Participants were monitored at all times throughout the study by a member of the research team to ensure adherence to the protocol.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    There were no significant differences between daily step counts, habitually and within the study protocol, in any of the groups.

    “There were no significant differences between daily step counts, habitually and within the study protocol, in any of the groups.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) was assessed via the D2O tracer technique as previously reported.

    “The fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of MyoPS was assessed via the D2O tracer technique as previously reported (Wilkinson et al. 2014).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wilkinson et al. 2014

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Previous interventions where MyoPS is reduced in response to step reduction have suggested the development of an 'anabolic resistance', such that the amino acid-induced stimulation of MyoPS is blunted.

    “Previous interventions where MyoPS is reduced in response to step reduction have suggested the development of an ‘anabolic resistance’, such that the amino acid‐induced stimulation of MyoPS is blunted (Breen et al. 2013).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Breen et al. 2013

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  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The capacity for HIIE to promote MyoPS and the findings of the present study suggest that HIIE may be capable of maintaining regular rates of MyoPS during periods of sleep restriction.

    “Given the capacity for HIIE to promote MyoPS (Di Donato et al. 2014; Bell et al. 2015) and the findings of the present study suggesting that HIIE may be capable of maintaining regular rates of MyoPS during periods of sleep restriction”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Di Donato et al. 2014

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Bell et al. 2015

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  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    When taken together with previous literature, changes in the molecular signalling pathways for MPS and MPB probably occur during the earlier stages of the sleep intervention or accumulated throughout the day as the homeostatic drive for sleep increased (rather than the hours immediately following sleep) and/or in the hours immediately following HIIE.

    “When taken together with previous literature, this probably means that changes in the molecular signalling pathways for MPS and MPB occur during the earlier stages of the sleep intervention or accumulated throughout the day as the homeostatic drive for sleep increased (rather than the hours immediately following sleep) and/or in the hours immediately following HIIE (de Boer et al. 2007; Greenhaff”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites de Boer et al. 2007

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Greenhaff et al. 2008

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    • cites Atherton et al. 2010

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Resistance exercise is well known to increase rates of MyoPS in skeletal muscle with subsequent increases in muscle mass.

    “Resistance exercise is well known to increase rates of MyoPS in skeletal muscle with subsequent increases in muscle mass suggesting this exercise modality warrants further investigation in the context of sleep loss (Konopka & Harber, 2014; Brook et al. 2015; Brook et al. 2016; Robinson et al. 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Konopka & Harber, 2014

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Brook et al. 2015

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    • cites Brook et al. 2016

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The addition of a normal sleep and exercise group may have provided further mechanistic insight into the effect of sleep restriction and HIIE on MyoPS.

    “Furthermore, as eluded to previously, the addition of a normal sleep and exercise group may have provided further mechanistic insight into the effect of sleep restriction and HIIE on MyoPS.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    The lower rate of MyoPS reported in the present study aligns with previous observations of decreases in muscle fibre CSA in rodents following 96 h of sleep deprivation and increased loss of muscle mass with sleep restriction in humans.

    “As such, the lower rate of MyoPS reported here aligns with observations of decreases in muscle fibre CSA, reported previously in rodents (following 96 h of sleep deprivation) (Dattilo et al. 2012; Monico‐Neto et al. 2015a ; de Sa Souza et al. 2016) and increased loss of muscle mass with sleep restriction in humans (Nedeltcheva et al. 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Dattilo et al. 2012

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Monico‐Neto et al. 2015a

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    • cites de Sa Souza et al. 2016

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    These same studies reported an increase in markers of the UPS and autophagy signalling pathways (p-FOXO3, LC3, and p62/SQSTM protein content), indicating that sleep deprivation increases MPB in rats.

    “By contrast to our findings, however, these same studies reported an increase in markers of the UPS and autophagy signalling pathways (i.e. p‐FOXO3, LC3 and p62/SQSTM protein content) (Monico‐Neto et al. 2015a ; de Sa Souza et al. 2016) indicating that sleep deprivation increases MPB in rats.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Monico‐Neto et al. 2015a

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    • cites de Sa Souza et al. 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults (>65 years of age) is increased in those who report sleeping <6 h per night.

    “Furthermore, the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults (>65 years of age) is increased in those who report sleeping <6 h per night (Chien et al. 2015; Buchmann et al. 2016; Hu et al. 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Chien et al. 2015

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    • cites Buchmann et al. 2016

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    • cites Hu et al. 2017

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  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Miller et al. (2005) reported increases in MyoPS following 1 h of single-leg kicking (67% W max), which remained elevated at 48 and 72 h post-exercise.

    “Indeed, Miller et al. (2005) reported increases in MyoPS following 1 h of single‐leg kicking (67% W max), which remained elevated at 48 and 72 h post‐exercise.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Miller et al. (2005)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    With the present study design, it is unclear how the observed lower rate of MyoPS with sleep restriction compares to baseline rates of MyoPS.

    “Although our data report a significantly lower rate of MyoPS (∼19%) with sleep restriction, with the present study design, it is unclear how this compares to baseline rates of MyoPS.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Previous research has observed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived losses in fat-free soft tissue mass across a 14-day sleep restriction period, although the magnitude of this effect was probably enhanced by the calorie-restricted diet employed.

    “Previous research has observed dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry‐derived losses in fat‐free soft tissue mass across a 14‐day sleep restriction period, although the magnitude of this effect was probably enhanced by the calorie‐restricted diet employed (Nedeltcheva et al. 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nedeltcheva et al. 2010

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Although some evidence supports corresponding changes in MyoPS and its associated signalling responses, dissociations similar to those reported in the present study are not uncommon.

    “Although some evidence supports corresponding changes in MyoPS and its associated signalling responses (Brook et al. 2015), dissociations similar to those reported in the present study are not uncommon (de Boer et al. 2007; Greenhaff et al. 2008; Atherton et al. 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Brook et al. 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites de Boer et al. 2007

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    • cites Greenhaff et al. 2008

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  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The present study did not employ direct measurements of changes in muscle mass.

    “Although previous research suggests that alterations to MyoPS underlie changes in muscle mass (Rennie, 1985; Gibson et al. 1987; de Boer et al. 2007), the present study did not employ direct measurements of changes in muscle mass.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
21 of 21

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No study to date has investigated the effects of sleep restriction on muscle protein synthesis (MPS), in whole or fractionated human skeletal muscle, or the potential catabolic influence of sleep restriction on markers of muscle protein breakdown (MPB).

    “Nonetheless, no study to date has investigated the effects of sleep restriction on MPS, in whole or fractionated human skeletal muscle, or the potential catabolic influence of sleep restriction on markers of MPB.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The effects of sleep restriction and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) and its associated signalling pathways have not previously been investigated in humans.

    “The effects of sleep restriction and HIIE on MyoPS and its associated signalling pathways have not previously been investigated in humans.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The effect of sleep restriction on myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) is unknown.

    “although the effect of sleep restriction on MyoPS is unknown.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The present study is the first to demonstrate a lower rate of MyoPS in a sleep restriction group following 4 h TIB for five consecutive nights, and the first observation of a sleep-restriction-induced change in MyoPS in humans.

    “however, the present study is the first to demonstrate a lower rate of MyoPS in a SR group following 4 h TIB for five consecutive nights.”
    “To our knowledge, this is the first observation of a sleep‐restriction‐induced change in MyoPS in humans.”
4 of 4

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Five consecutive nights of sleep restriction (4 hr per night) reduced myofibrillar protein synthesis in healthy young males compared with normal sleep patterns.

    “To expand on this acute model, investigators recently demonstrated that five consecutive nights of sleep restriction (4 hr per night) reduced myofibrillar protein synthesis in healthy young males when compared to normal sleep patterns (Saner et al., 2020).”

    From The effect of acute sleep deprivation on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the hormonal environment (2021) · cites this paper as Saner et al., 2020

  • The findings support those by Saner et al. that sleep restriction reduces muscle protein synthesis.

    “Despite employing a different stable isotope (phenylalanine vs. deuterated water), study design (acute cross‐over design vs. chronic parallel design), and population (males and females vs. males only), our findings support those by Saner et al.”

    From The effect of acute sleep deprivation on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the hormonal environment (2021) · cites this paper as Saner et al., 2020

  • Habitual daily step counts were monitored using validated step-counting applications and replicated throughout the study.

    “Habitual daily step counts were monitored using validated step-counting applications on the participants’ personal mobile phone devices (i-Health app, Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA; and Samsung Health, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea) and these step counts were replicated throughout the study (Supplementary Table 1) (data modified from [36]).”

    From Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms (2021) · cites this paper as [36]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Discussion contradicts introduction on the cited rat study's mTOR result

    Minor

    The introduction says de Sa Souza et al. reported increased p‐mTORser2448 after 96 hours of sleep deprivation. The discussion instead includes that study among reports of no change in p‐mTORser2448.

  • TSC2 phosphorylation site differs between results and figure

    Minor

    The results identify the measured TSC2 phosphorylation site as thr1462, but the caption for the corresponding panel labels it thr462.

  • NS Murf1 estimate falls outside its reported confidence interval

    Minor

    The NS change is reported as positive 61%, whereas its stated 95% confidence interval runs from −114% to −9% and does not contain that estimate.

  • NS-SR+EX confidence interval is centred on the opposite-signed difference

    Minor

    The reported difference is +0.08, but the midpoint of its stated confidence interval is −0.085. The interval appears to use the opposite direction of subtraction from the reported difference.

    Reported 0.08 · recomputed -0.085

4 of 4

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Buchmann N, 2016, Sleep, muscle mass and muscle function in older people, Dtsch Arztebl Int, 113, 253
  2. National Sleep Foundation, 2015, National Sleep Foundation Recommends New Sleep Times
  3. OakleyN(1997).Validation with polysomnography of the Sleepwatch sleep/wake scoring algorithm used by the Actiwatch activity monitoring system.Bend:Mini Mitter Cambridge Neurotechnology.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Saner, N. J., Lee, M. J. ‐., Pitchford, N. W., Kuang, J., Roach, G. D., Garnham, A., Stokes, T., Phillips, S. M., Bishop, D. J., & Bartlett, J. D.
Affiliations
  • Victoria University (AU)
  • University of Tasmania (AU)
  • Central Queensland University (AU)
  • McMaster University (CA)
  • Edith Cowan University (AU)
Corresponding author
Bartlett, Jonathan D.
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-03-11
Volume
598
Issue
8
Pages
1523-1536
ISSN
  • 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7793
DOI
10.1113/jp278828
PMC
PMC7217042
OpenAlex
W3008175177
Semantic Scholar
8f2bfe762f7e6ba15ceff15eac4ce7f4c2d51bd1
Cited by
68
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7
FWCI
4.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UTAS Research Repository (acceptedVersion)
  • Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Australasian Journal of Paramedicine (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (No number)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
sleep restriction, high-intensity interval exercise, myofibrillar protein synthesis, skeletal muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis, protein degradation, mTOR signaling, Akt signaling, LC3, sleep deprivation, exercise countermeasures, healthy young men, muscle biopsy, time in bed
MeSH terms
Humans, Male, Myofibrils, Sleep, Protein Biosynthesis, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-06.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-06.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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