The Social Patterns of a Biological Risk Factor for Disease: Race, Gender, Socioeconomic Position, and C-reactive Protein
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OBJECTIVE: Understand the links between race and C-reactive protein (CRP), with special attention to gender differences and the role of class and behavioral risk factors as mediators. METHOD: This study utilizes the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project data, a nationally representative study of older Americans aged 57-85 to explore two research questions. First, what is the relative strength of socioeconomic versus behavioral risk factors in explaining race differences in CRP levels? Second, what role does gender play in understanding race differences? Does the relative role of socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors in explaining race differences vary when examining men and women separately? RESULTS: When examining men and women separately, socioeconomic and behavioral risk factor mediators vary in their importance. Indeed, racial differences in CRP among men aged 57-74 are little changed after adjusting for both socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors with levels 35% higher for black men as compared to white men. For women aged 57-74, however, behavioral risk factors explain 30% of the relationship between race and CRP. DISCUSSION: The limited explanatory power of socioeconomic position and, particularly, behavioral risk factors, in elucidating the relationship between race and CRP among men, signals the need for research to examine additional mediators, including more direct measures of stress and discrimination.
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SES predicts basal levels of inflammatory markers as well as change in levels over time.
“SES predicts basal levels of inflammatory markers (22,23) as well as change in levels over time (24).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
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Racial Differences in Elevated C‐Reactive Protein Among US Older Adults
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- Authors
- Herd, P., Karraker, A., & Friedman, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-05-15
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 503-513
- ISSN
- 1079-5014 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5368
- PMC
- PMC3695599
- OpenAlex
- W2119069226
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG029381, R01AG021487)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Keywords
- C-reactive protein, racial differences, gender differences, socioeconomic position, behavioral risk factors, older adults, biological risk factors, mediation, black-white disparities, stress, discrimination
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Models, Statistical, Biomarkers, Racial Groups
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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