Racism and Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

Calvin, Rosie; Winters, Karen; Wyatt, Sharon B.; Williams, David R.; Henderson, Frances C.; Walker, Evelyn R.

doi:10.1097/00000441-200306000-00003

Cited by 313Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchHealth disparities and outcomesCardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

Racism and Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

Calvin, Rosie, Winters, Karen, Wyatt, Sharon B., Williams, David R., Henderson, Frances C., Walker, Evelyn R.·2003·The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

DOI 10.1097/00000441-200306000-00003

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Abstract

This article provides an overview of the evidence on the ways racism can affect the disproportionate rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in African Americans. It describes the significant health disparities in CVD for blacks and whites and suggests that racial disparities should be understood within the context of persistent inequities in societal institutions and relations. Evidence and potential pathways for exploring effects of 3 levels of racism on cardiovascular health risk factors and outcomes are reviewed. First, institutional racism can lead to limited opportunities for socioeconomic mobility, differential access to goods and resources, and poor living conditions that can adversely affect cardiovascular health. Second, perceived/personally mediated racism acts as a stressor and can induce psychophysiological reactions that negatively affect cardiovascular health. Third, in race-conscious societies, such as the United States, the negative self-evaluations of accepting negative cultural stereotypes as true (internalized racism) can have deleterious effects on cardiovascular health. Few population-based studies have examined the relationship between racism and CVD. The findings, though suggestive of a positive association, are neither consistent nor clear. The research agenda of the Jackson Heart Study in addressing the role of racism in CVD is presented.

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Authors: Calvin, R., Winters, K., Wyatt, S. B., Williams, D. R., Henderson, F. C., & Walker, E. R.
Affiliations: University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
University of Michigan (US)
Alcorn State University (US)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Wyatt, Sharon B.
ORCID: Winters, Karen
Williams, David R.
Venue: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-06
Volume: 325
Issue: 6
Pages: 315-331
ISSN: 0002-9629 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200306000-00003
OpenAlex: W1994293871
Cited by: 313
References: 161
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 3.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC9571)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Keywords: racism, cardiovascular disease, African Americans, racial disparities in health, institutional racism, perceived racism, internalized racism, socioeconomic inequities, psychophysiological stress, cardiovascular risk factors, Jackson Heart Study, structural racism
MeSH terms: Black or African American, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Prejudice, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort Studies

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Racism and Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

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