Excess of high activity monoamine oxidase A gene promoter alleles in female patients with panic disorder
Abstract
A genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of panic disorder has been demonstrated by clinical genetic studies. Molecular genetic studies have focused on candidate genes suggested by the molecular mechanisms implied in the action of drugs utilized for therapy or in challenge tests. One class of drugs effective in the treatment of panic disorder is represented by monoamine oxidase A inhibitors. Therefore, the monoamine oxidase A gene on chromosome X is a prime candidate gene. In the present study we investigated a novel repeat polymorphism in the promoter of the monoamine oxidase A gene for association with panic disorder in two independent samples (German sample, n = 80; Italian sample, n = 129). Two alleles (3 and 4 repeats) were most common and constituted >97% of the observed alleles. Functional characterization in a luciferase assay demonstrated that the longer alleles (3a, 4 and 5) were more active than allele 3. Among females of both the German and the Italian samples of panic disorder patients (combined, n = 209) the longer alleles (3a, 4 and 5) were significantly more frequent than among females of the corresponding control samples (combined, n = 190, chi2 = 10.27, df = 1, P = 0.001). Together with the observation that inhibition of monoamine oxidase A is clinically effective in the treatment of panic disorder these findings suggest that increased monoamine oxidase A activity is a risk factor for panic disorder in female patients.
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Polymorphisms in MAOA have been associated with panic disorder.
“as well as with panic disorder (125)”
From Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma (2019) · cites this paper as [125]
A gender specific modulation has been demonstrated and was associated with PD in several populations.
“Furthermore, a gender specific modulation has been demonstrated and was associated with PD in several populations [210].”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [210]
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- Authors
- Deckert, J., Catalano, M., Syagailo, Y. V., Bosi, M., Okladnova, O., Di Bella, D., Nothen, M. M., Maffei, P., Franke, P., Fritze, J., Maier, W., Propping, P., Beckmann, H., Bellodi, L., & Lesch, K.-P.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Deckert, J.
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-04-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 621-624
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- OpenAlex
- W2125420771
- Cited by
- 582
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 8.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Hermann und Lilly Schilling-Stiftung für Medizinische Forschung
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- panic disorder, monoamine oxidase A, MAOA gene, promoter polymorphism, repeat polymorphism, genetic association, female patients, monoamine oxidase A inhibitors, risk factors, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Data Interpretation, Statistical, DNA, Recombinant, Female, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Humans, Luciferases, Male, Monoamine Oxidase, Polymorphism, Genetic, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Sex Factors, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Panic Disorder
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