Psychopathological aspects of dopaminergic gene polymorphisms in adolescence and young adulthood
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Dopamine hypotheses of several psychiatric disorders are based upon the clinical benefits of drugs affecting dopamine transporter or receptors, and have prompted intensive candidate gene research within the dopaminergic system during the last two decades. The aim of this review is to survey the most important findings concerning dopaminergic gene polymorphisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome (TS), obsessive compulsive disorder, and substance abuse. Also, genetic findings of related phenotypes, such as inattention, impulsivity, aggressive behavior, and novelty seeking personality trait are presented, because recent studies have applied quantitative trait measures using questionnaires, symptom scales, or other objective endophenotypes. Unfortunately, genetic variants with minor effects are problematic to detect in these complex inheritance disorders, often leading to contradictory results. The most consistent association findings relate to ADHD and the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D4 receptor genes. Meta-analyses also support the association between substance abuse and the D2 receptor gene. The dopamine catabolizing enzyme genes, such as monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes, have been linked to aggressive behaviors.
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The length of the DRD4 repeat affects the activation of the receptor as well as the mRNA expression of the gene.
“Several studies suggest that the length of the DRD4 repeat affects the activation of the receptor as well as the mRNA expression of the gene (Nemoda et al. 2011).”
From The neurobiological link between OCD and ADHD (2014) · cites this paper as Nemoda et al. 2011
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- Authors
- Nemoda, Z., Szekely, A., & Sasvari-Szekely, M.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1665-1686
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3133854
- OpenAlex
- W2123345832
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 285
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Fogarty International Center (R03TW007656)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- dopamine transporter gene, dopamine D4 receptor gene, dopamine D2 receptor gene, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance abuse, inattention, impulsivity, aggression, novelty seeking, monoamine oxidase A, catechol-O-methyltransferase, endophenotypes, adolescence, early adulthood
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Critical Period, Psychological, Dopamine, Tourette Syndrome, Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Genetic, Psychopathology, Receptors, Dopamine, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Dopaminergic Neurons
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