Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: Pleiotropic roles for cytokines and neuronal pentraxins
Open accessAbstract
Neuroinflammation is a potential factor speculated to underlie Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiopathogenesis and progression. The overwhelming focus in this area of research to date has been on the chronic upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines to understand how neuroinflammatory mechanisms contribute to neurodegeneration. Yet, it is important to understand the pleiotropic roles of these cytokines in modulating neuroinflammation in which they cannot be labeled as a strictly "good" or "bad" biomarker phenotype. As such, biomarkers with more precise functions are needed to better understand how neuroinflammation impacts the brain in AD. Neuronal pentraxins are a concentration- dependent group of pro- or anti- inflammatory cytokines. There is contradictory evidence of these pentraxins as being both neuroprotective and potentially detrimental in AD. Potential neuroprotective examples include their ability to predict AD-related outcomes such as cognition, memory function and synaptic refinement. This review will briefly outline the basis of AD and subsequently summarize findings for neuropathological mechanisms of neuroinflammation, roles for traditional pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and data found thus far on the neuronal pentraxins.
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Neuronal pentraxins have been proposed to have a protective function against neurodegeneration.
“and have been proposed to have a protective function against neurodegeneration [34, 39, 40].”
Synapses may promote the spread of aberrant proteins via prion-like mechanisms, enhancing neurodegeneration.
“Furthermore, synapses may promote the spread of aberrant proteins via prion-like mechanisms, thus enhancing neurodegeneration (Camporesi et al. 2020; Gong and Lippa 2010; Swanson et al. 2018).”
From Neuronal pentraxins as biomarkers of synaptic activity: from physiological functions to pathological changes in neurodegeneration (2022) · cites this paper as Swanson et al. 2018
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- [177]Xiao M-F Xu D Craig MT Pelkey KA Chien C-C Shi Y Zhang J Resnick S Pletnikova O Salmon D Brewer J Edland S Wegiel J Tycko B Savonenko A Reeves RH Troncoso JC McBain CJ Galasko D Worley PF NPTX2 and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease Elife 6 2017 10.7554/eLife.23798 PMC5404919 28440221 · DOI · Paper page
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- Authors
- Swanson, A., Wolf, T., Sitzmann, A., & Willette, A. A.
- Affiliations
- Iowa State University (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Willette, Auriel A.
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 347
- Pages
- 49-56
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5988985
- OpenAlex
- W2789287723
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 182
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- College of Human Sciences at Iowa State University, a Big Data Brain Initiative grant through the Iowa State University Office of Vice President for Research (AG047282)
- Alzheimer's Association Research Grant to Promote Diversity (AARGD-17-529552)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, cytokines, inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, neuroprotection, neurodegeneration, biomarkers, cognition, memory, synaptic refinement
- MeSH terms
- Pentraxins, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, C-Reactive Protein, Humans, Inflammation, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Cytokines
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