Conserved Hippocampal Cellular Pathophysiology but Distinct Behavioural Deficits in a New Rat Model of FXS
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Recent advances in techniques for manipulating genomes have allowed the generation of transgenic animals other than mice. These new models enable cross-mammalian comparison of neurological disease from core cellular pathophysiology to circuit and behavioural endophenotypes. Moreover they will enable us to directly test whether common cellular dysfunction or behavioural outcomes of a genetic mutation are more conserved across species. Using a new rat model of Fragile X Syndrome, we report that Fmr1 knockout (KO) rats exhibit elevated basal protein synthesis and an increase in mGluR-dependent long-term depression in CA1 of the hippocampus that is independent of new protein synthesis. These defects in plasticity are accompanied by an increase in dendritic spine density selectively in apical dendrites and subtle changes in dendritic spine morphology of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Behaviourally, Fmr1 KO rats show deficits in hippocampal-dependent, but not hippocampal-independent, forms of associative recognition memory indicating that the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes defects in episodic-like memory. In contrast to previous reports from mice, Fmr1 KO rats show no deficits in spatial reference memory reversal learning. One-trial spatial learning in a delayed matching to place water maze task was also not affected by the loss of FMRP in rats. This is the first evidence for conservation across mammalian species of cellular and physiological hippocampal phenotypes associated with the loss of FMRP. Furthermore, while key cellular phenotypes are conserved they manifest in distinct behavioural dysfunction. Finally, our data reveal novel information about the selective role of FMRP in hippocampus-dependent associative memory.
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The deletion of exon 8 in the Fmr1-Δexon 8 rat is sufficient to cause FXS-like traits, such as deficits in sustained visuospatial attention, altered patterns of social interaction, cognitive impairment, and abnormal synaptic plasticity.
“Such deletion is sufficient to cause FXS-like traits, such as deficits in sustained visuospatial attention [34], altered patterns of social interaction, and cognitive impairment [28], together with abnormal synaptic plasticity [32,35,36].”
From Brain Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway Is Altered in a Preclinical Model of Fragile X Syndrome (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
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“Such deletion is sufficient to cause FXS-like traits, such as deficits in sustained visuospatial attention [34], altered patterns of social interaction, and cognitive impairment [28], together with abnormal synaptic plasticity [32,35,36].”
BackgroundmGluR7 allosteric modulator AMN082 corrects protein synthesis and pathological phenotypes in FXS
Kumar, V., Lee, K. Y., Acharya, A., Babik, M. S., Christian, C. A., Rhodes, J. S., & Tsai, N. (2024) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s44321-024-00038-w · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The mGluR Theory of Fragile X: From Mice to Men
Stoppel, L. J., Osterweil, E. K., & Bear, M. F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804461-2.00009-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationNtoulas, G., Brakatselos, C., Nakas, G., Asprogerakas, M.-Z., Delis, F., Leontiadis, L. J., Trompoukis, G., Papatheodoropoulos, C., Gkikas, D., Valakos, D., et al. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02815-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The same stress elicits different effects on anxiety-like behavior in rat models of Fmr1 and Pten
Dey, R., & Chattarji, S. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113892 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAnimal Models of Fragile X Syndrome
Kooy, R. F., Jin, P., Bao, H., Till, S. M., Kind, P. C., & Willemsen, R. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804461-2.00007-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom wings to whiskers to stem cells: why every model matters in fragile X syndrome research
Sandoval, S. O., Méndez-Albelo, N. M., Xu, Z., & Zhao, X. (2024) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-024-09545-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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The Known Unknowns: Missing Pieces in in vivo Models of Fragile X Syndrome
Kulkarni, P., & Sevilimedu, A. (2020) · Journal of Rare Diseases Research & Treatment · doi:10.29245/2572-9411/2020/1.1190 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Subrahmanyam, R., Dwivedi, D., Rashid, Z., Bonnycastle, K., Cousin, M. A., & Chattarji, S. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15484 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationCross-species considerations in models of neurodevelopmental disorders
Till, S. M., Hickson, R. D. L., & Kind, P. C. (2022) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2021.12.005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Hippocampal Place Cell Sequences Are Impaired in a Rat Model of Fragile X Syndrome
Donahue, M. M., Robson, E., & Colgin, L. L. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1978-24.2025 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Stanfield, A. C., & McKechanie, A. G. (2025) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2025.2510408 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Drug Discovery for Targeted Pharmacotherapy of Fragile X Syndrome
Scharf, S., Gasparini, F., Spooren, W., & Lindemann, L. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804461-2.00018-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Developmental trajectory of episodic-like memory in rats
Asiminas, A., Lyon, S. A., Langston, R. F., & Wood, E. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.969871 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationiHELMET: A 3D-printing solution for safe endoscopic Ca2+ recording in social neuroscience
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Foundations of an Ovine Model of Fragile X Syndrome
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Electroencephalography signals in a female Fragile X Syndrome mouse model
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Demystifying neuroscience laboratory techniques used to investigate single-gene disorders
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Self-citationFMRP and the Pathophysiology of Fragile X Syndrome
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Self-citationMizen, L. A. M. (2018) · ERA
Excess ribosomal protein production unbalances translation in Fragile X SyndromePreprint
Seo, S. S., Louros, S. R., Anstey, N. J., Gonzalez‐Lozano, M. A., Harper, C. B., Verity, N., Dando, O., Thomson, S. R., Darnell, J. C., Kind, P. C., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.04.07.487442
Self-citationNeurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
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Measuring Social Communication in Rodent Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Fmr1 exon 14 skipping in late embryonic development of the rat forebrain
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Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
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RatDISCO, a tissue clearing and immunolabelling protocol for large rat brainsPreprint
Craigie, K. J., Till, S. M., van de Gevel, B., Vandrey, B., Strangward, P., Sieger, D., Gonzalez‐Sulser, A., Kind, P., Rochefort, N. L., Duguid, I., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.17.670723
Self-citationEpigenetic inheritance of complex learning abilities in the mammalian brainPreprint
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Shukla, A., Rivera, E., Bladon, J. H., & Jadhav, S. P. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678380
- Authors
- Till, S. M., Asiminas, A., Jackson, A. D., Katsanevaki, D., Barnes, S. A., Osterweil, E. K., Bear, M. F., Chattarji, S., Wood, E. R., Wyllie, D. J. A., & Kind, P. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (IN)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Kind, Peter C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-08-04
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 5977-5984
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- PMC
- PMC4599667
- OpenAlex
- W1893201598
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 8.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Oxford University Press eBooks
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (104116, 104116/Z/14/Z)
- Research Councils UK
- University of Edinburgh
- Medical Research Council (MR/K014137/1, MR/M006336/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- fragile X syndrome, FMRP, hippocampus, CA1 pyramidal neurons, dendritic spines, protein synthesis, synaptic plasticity, associative recognition memory, episodic-like memory, spatial memory, cross-species conservation, transgenic rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Fragile X Syndrome, Hippocampus, Male, Memory Disorders, Neuronal Plasticity, Species Specificity, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Pyramidal Cells, Maze Learning, Rats, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1, Gene Knockout Techniques
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