Cited by 386Genetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchRNA and protein synthesis mechanisms

Hypersensitivity to mGluR5 and ERK1/2 Leads to Excessive Protein Synthesis in the Hippocampus of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome

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Osterweil, Emily K., Krueger, Dilja D., Reinhold, Kimberly, Bear, Mark F.·2010·The Journal of Neuroscience

Abstract

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by loss of the FMR1 gene product FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein), a repressor of mRNA translation. According to the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) theory of FXS, excessive protein synthesis downstream of mGluR5 activation causes the synaptic pathophysiology that underlies multiple aspects of FXS. Here, we use an in vitro assay of protein synthesis in the hippocampus of male Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in this core biochemical phenotype under conditions where aberrant synaptic physiology has been observed. We find that elevated basal protein synthesis in Fmr1 KO mice is selectively reduced to wild-type levels by acute inhibition of mGluR5 or ERK1/2, but not by inhibition of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). The mGluR5-ERK1/2 pathway is not constitutively overactive in the Fmr1 KO, however, suggesting that mRNA translation is hypersensitive to basal ERK1/2 activation in the absence of FMRP. We find that hypersensitivity to ERK1/2 pathway activation also contributes to audiogenic seizure susceptibility in the Fmr1 KO. These results suggest that the ERK1/2 pathway, and other neurotransmitter systems that stimulate protein synthesis via ERK1/2, represent additional therapeutic targets for FXS.

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Crossref · 10.1523/jneurosci.3888-10.2010

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  • These findings are the basis of human clinical trials testing mGluR5 antagonists for Fragile X syndrome.

    “These findings are the basis of human clinical trials that aim to test the efficacy of mGluR5 antagonists for the treating Fragile X syndrome23,56–58.”
  • Findings of deficient mGluR-LTD in Tsc1/Tsc2 deletion mice contrast with Fmr1 knockout mice, which have increased mGluR-LTD and excessive protein synthesis.

    “These findings of deficient mGluR–LTD in mice with deletions in Tsc1 or Tsc2 are in contrast with Fmr1 knockout mice, which have increased mGluR–LTD and excessive protein synthesis57.”
  • There was a small but significant increase in protein synthesis of two FMRP targets (Camk2a and Lingo1) in the absence of functional FMRP, with no significant change in overall protein synthesis or in synthesis of the non-target PABP.

    “We found a small but significant increase in protein synthesis of both FMRP targets in the absence of functional FMRP, similar to results reported for Camk2a by Bear and colleagues in slice cultures (Osterweil et al., 2010), with no significant change in either overall protein synthesis or in the synthesis of the non-target PABP (Figure 6G and Figure S6).”

    From FMRP Stalls Ribosomal Translocation on mRNAs Linked to Synaptic Function and Autism (2011) · cites this paper as Osterweil et al., 2010

  • Pharmacological mGluR5 antagonists rescue protein synthesis and many classic outcome measures in mouse and fly FXS models.

    “have demonstrated that dampening mGluR5 signalling rescues protein synthesis and many of the classic outcome measures (TABLE 1) used in the mouse and fly models30–35.”

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Authors
Osterweil, E. K., Krueger, D. D., Reinhold, K., & Bear, M. F.
Affiliations
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Bear, Mark F.
Venue
The Journal of Neuroscience
Published
2010-11-17
Volume
30
Issue
46
Pages
15616-15627
ISSN
  • 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2401
OpenAlex
W2092491372
Cited by
384
References
81
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 24
FWCI
14.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • FRAXA Research Foundation
  • Simons Foundation
  • National Institute of Mental Health
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD046943)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Keywords
fragile X syndrome, FMRP, mGluR5, ERK1/2, protein synthesis, hippocampus, metabotropic glutamate receptors, mRNA translation, Fmr1 knockout mice, audiogenic seizures, mTOR, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Fragile X Syndrome, Hippocampus, Isoenzymes, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pyridines, Protein Biosynthesis, Up-Regulation, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Mice, Knockout, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Mice, Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5

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