Population variation in age-related decline in male salivary testosterone.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Age-related declines in free and bioavailable testosterone are frequently reported for Western populations, but interpopulation variation in this pattern has not previously been investigated. METHODS: Salivary testosterone was measured using a consistently applied protocol on morning samples collected from men in four populations (USA, Congo, Nepal, and Paraguay) representing different geographical, ecological, and cultural settings. RESULTS: Mean testosterone levels varied significantly between the four populations. The mean testosterone differences between populations were greatest for young men (aged 15-30 years) and insignificant for older men (aged 45-60 years). The slope of age-related decline in testosterone was significant in the USA and Congolese participants, but not in the Nepalese or Paraguayan participants. CONCLUSIONS: Age patterns of testosterone decline vary between populations primarily as a result of variation in the peak levels attained in young adulthood. The potential consequences of this variation for other aspects of male health deserve investigation.
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Work with Ache foragers in Paraguay has shown that levels of leptin and testosterone are substantially lower than levels seen in U.S. adults.
“For example, work with Ache foragers in Paraguay has shown that levels of leptin, critical in fat sequestration, and testosterone, an anabolic hormone, are substantially lower than levels seen in U.S. adults [42], [43].”
From Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Ellison, P. T.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ellison, P. T.
- ORCID
- Ellison, P. T.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-12-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3251-3253
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2160653327
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- salivary testosterone, age-related testosterone decline, population differences, free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, men's health, cross-cultural comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Congo, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nepal, Paraguay, Population Dynamics, Saliva, Testosterone, United States
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