Cited by 398Endometriosis Research and TreatmentGynecological conditions and treatmentsEctopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management

Deep endometriosis infiltrating the recto-sigmoid: critical factors to consider before management

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Abrao, M. S., Petraglia, F., Falcone, T., Keckstein, J., Osuga, Y., Chapron, C.·2015·Human Reproduction Update

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Deep endometriosis invading the bowel constitutes a major challenge for the gynecologist. In addition to the greater impact on pain, the high incidence of surgical morbidity involved with bowel endometriosis poses a therapeutic dilemma for the surgeon. Intestinal involvement by deep endometriotic nodules has been estimated to occur in 8-12% of women with endometriosis. Individual and clinical factors, pre-operative morphologic characteristics from imaging, surgical considerations and impact on quality of life are critical variables that should be considered in determining the best therapeutic strategy for a patient with deep endometriosis involving the sigmoid and/or the rectum. Pre-operative planning is fundamental for defining the optimal therapeutic strategy; patient counseling of treatment options, and when surgery is indicated, involvement of a multidisciplinary surgical team is required. METHODS: The PubMed and Cochrane database were searched for all original and review articles published in English, French and Italian, until June 2014. Search terms included 'deep endometriosis', 'surgical and clinical approach', 'bowel disease', 'quality of life', 'management of deep endometriosis'. Special attention was paid to articles comparing features of discoid and segmental resection. RESULTS: The rationale for the best therapeutic options for patients with deep endometriosis has been shown and an evidence-based treatment algorithm for determining when and which surgical intervention may be required is proposed. In deciding the best treatment option for patients with deep endometriosis involving the sigmoid and rectum, it is important to understand how the different clinical factors and pre-operative morphologic imaging affect the algorithm. Surgery is not indicated in all patients with deep endometriosis, but, when surgery is chosen, a complete resection by the most appropriate surgical team is required in order to achieve the best patient outcome. CONCLUSION: In women with deep endometriosis, surgery is the therapy of choice for symptomatic patients when deep lesions do not improve with a medical treatment.

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Crossref · 10.1093/humupd/dmv003

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136 of 136 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Recurring release of mediators of inflammation, such as prostaglandins and cytokines, may cause functional-type, mostly cyclic pain, such as irritative-type intestinal symptoms, whereas occlusive-type intestinal symptoms are generally the mechanical consequence of fibrotic tissue retraction, but they may be influenced also by inflammatory changes of bowel wall nodules.

    “Recurring release of mediators of inflammation, such as prostaglandins and cytokines, may cause a functional-type, mostly cyclic pain, such as irritative-type intestinal symptoms, whereas occlusive-type intestinal symptoms are generally the mechanical consequence of fibrotic tissue retraction, but they may be influenced also by inflammatory changes of bowel wall nodules (3,6,7).”

    From Medical treatment in the management of deep endometriosis infiltrating the proximal rectum and sigmoid colon: a comprehensive literature review (2018) · cites this paper as [3]

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  • The majority of gynecological and/or colorectal surgeons may prefer segmental resection for multifocal and large nodules exceeding at least 3-4 cm, whereas small nodules <3 cm and/or DE not deeply infiltrating the muscular layer would be treated with FTDR resection or partial thickness discoid resection, or shaving.

    “In general, the majority of gynecological and/or colorectal surgeons may prefer segmental resection for multifocal and large nodules exceeding at least 3–4 cm, whereas small nodules <3 cm and/or DE not deeply infiltrating the muscular layer would be treated with FTDR resection or partial thickness discoid resection, or so‐called shaving.”

    From Pain, gastrointestinal function and fertility outcomes of modified nerve‐vessel sparing segmental and full thickness discoid resection for deep colorectal endometriosis – A prospective cohort study (2023) · cites this paper as [10]

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  • Medical treatment for bowel endometriosis may constitute a therapeutic alternative when established intestinal fibrotic stenosis with severely sub-occlusive symptoms are absent.

    “Medical treatment for bowel endometriosis may constitute a therapeutic alternative when established intestinal fibrotic stenosis with severely sub-occlusive symptoms are absent (2,3,6).”
  • There is no real consensus on how to optimally treat colorectal endometriosis surgically.

    “There is, so far, no real consensus on how to optimally treat colorectal endometriosis surgically, since the application of the main three techniques, namely, segmental colorectal resection, full thickness discoid resection (FTDR) and so‐called shaving, depends on various factors which may differ from unit to unit and surgeon to surgeon.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. [16]16. Benbara A, Fortin A, Martin B, Palazzo L, Le Tohic A, Madelenat P, Yazbeck C. Surgical and functional results of rectosigmoidal resection for severe endometriosis. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2008;36:1191 -1201.
  2. [20]20. Borghese B, Santulli P, Streuli I, Lafay-Pillet MC, de Ziegler D, Chapron C. Recurrence of pain after surgery for deeply infiltrating endometriosis: how does it happen? How to manage? J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2014;43:12 -18.
  3. [28]28. Review.
  4. [38]38. Review.
  5. [40]40. Review.
  6. [88]88. Review.
  7. [107]107. Review.
  8. [127]127. Tuttlies F, Keckstein J, Ulrich U, Possover M, Schweppe KW, Wustlich M, Buchweitz O, Greb R, Kandolf O, Mangold R et al. ENZIAN-score, a classification of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Zentralbl Gynakol 2005;127:275 -281.

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Authors
Abrao, M. S., Petraglia, F., Falcone, T., Keckstein, J., Osuga, Y., & Chapron, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Siena (IT)
  • Cleveland Clinic (US)
  • The University of Tokyo (JP)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Venue
Human Reproduction Update
Published
2015-01-24
Volume
21
Issue
3
Pages
329-339
ISSN
  • 1355-4786 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2369
OpenAlex
W2017403994
Cited by
398
References
136
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 18
FWCI
5.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Human Reproduction Update (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
  • Use Siena air (University of Siena) (submittedVersion)
  • INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
Keywords
deep infiltrating endometriosis, bowel endometriosis, rectosigmoid endometriosis, endometrioma, surgical planning, segmentectomy, surgical management, quality of life, multidisciplinary surgical team, treatment algorithm
MeSH terms
Endometriosis, Female, Humans, Lymph Nodes, Quality of Life, Rectal Diseases, Rectum, Colon, Sigmoid, Ultrasonography, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures

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