Metabolic Evidence for Adaptation to a High Protein Diet in Rats
Open accessAbstract
This study was designed to assess the effects of long-term adaptation to a high protein diet on energy intake, body weight gain, body composition and splanchnic metabolic indicators in rats. For this purpose, adult male Wistar rats were fed either a 50 g/100 g dry matter (DM) protein diet (P50 group) or a 14 g/100 g DM protein diet (P14 group) for 21 d. These two groups were compared with a P14 pair-fed (P14-pf) group that consumed the same daily energy as the P50 group. The energy intake of the P50 group was 16 +/- 1% less than that of the P14 group (P < 0.05), and the P50 group had significantly lower body weight. The P50 group had significantly less adipose tissue compared with both P14 and P14-pf rats. The activities of the brush border membrane enzymes, neutral aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, were significantly higher in the P50 group than in the P14 rats. Similarly, the activities of alanine aminotransferase, arginase and serine dehydratase were significantly higher in the liver of P50 rats compared with P14 rats. Both amino acid transporter system A and X(A,G-) activities, measured in freshly isolated hepatocytes, were significantly higher in the P50 group (8- and 1.5-fold, P < 0.05, respectively) compared with the P14 group. The 1.5-fold increase in the steady-state activity of X(A,G-) was accompanied by a doubling of EAAT2 mRNA, involved in the system X(A,G-). This study provides confirmation that specific biochemical and molecular adaptive processes of the splanchnic area are involved in the response to variations in the protein content of the diet.
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Some studies suggest that rats will consume and grow rather well on high-protein diets if given sufficient time to adapt to the diet.
“some studies suggest that rats will consume and grow rather well on high-protein diets if given sufficient time to adapt to the diet”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [66]
Control animals fed a high-protein diet exhibited decreased body weight gain, food intake, and other body composition parameters compared with control animals fed normal diet.
“As expected (42), control animals fed a high-protein diet (Fig. 5C, D) exhibited decreased body weight gain, food intake, and other body composition parameters compared with control animals fed normal diet (Fig. 5A, B).”
From Anabolic effect of plant brassinosteroid (2011) · cites this paper as [42]
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“In animals, it has been reported that transaminase levels in the blood or organs/tissues change with nutritional or hormonal fluctuation (Horio et al., 1988a; Hoffmann et al., 1989; Kobayashi et al., 2010, 2011; Herzfeld and Greengard, 1971; Chen et al., 1993; Jean et al., 2001; Ramesh and Pugalendi, 2006; Rosen et al…”
Expression and regulation of the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1 in rat small intestine
Jando, J., Camargo, S. M. R., Herzog, B., & Verrey, F. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184845 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Furthermore, it was shown that not only the peptide transport is increased during high protein diet but also activities of brush-border membrane enzymes and neutral aminopeptidases [28] .”
BackgroundFuller, B. T., & Petzke, K. J. (2017) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.7835 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Protein intake and body-weight regulation
Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S., & Lejeune, M. P. G. M. (2005) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2005.02.005 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Control of protein and energy intake - brain mechanisms
Davidenko, O., Darcel, N., Fromentin, G., & Tomé, D. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.73 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationPetzke, K. J., & Lemke, S. (2009) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.4025 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Chronic high-protein diet induces oxidative stress and alters the salivary gland function in rats
Kołodziej, U., Maciejczyk, M., Niklinska, W. E., Waszkiel, D., Żendzian‐Piotrowska, M., Żukowski, P., & Zalewska, A. (2017) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.006 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“The addition of protein replaced an almost equivalent amount of carbohydrates (Jean et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMorens, C., Gaudichon, C., Fromentin, G., Marsset‐Baglieri, A., Bensaı̈d, A., Larue‐Achagiotis, C., Luengo, C., & Tomé, D. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.4.e826 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationStępień, M., Gaudichon, C., Fromentin, G., Even, P. C., Tomé, D., & Azzout‐Marniche, D. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014664 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Amino acid catabolism is increased [16,17], together with the activation of urea cycle enzymes [18,19,20].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHigh Protein Diet Induces Oxidative Stress in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Hypothalamus
Żebrowska, E., Maciejczyk, M., Żendzian‐Piotrowska, M., Zalewska, A., & Chabowski, A. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20071547 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“These findings are supported by other studies that confirmed that rats can adapt to HPD within two weeks [38,39].”
ResultRome, S., Huneau, J., Tomé, D., Barbot, L., Windsor, E., Kapel, N., Tricottet, V., REYNES, M., & Gobert, J. G. (2002) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/132.5.1009 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationKucia, M., Langhammer, M., Görs, S., Albrecht, E., Hammon, H. M., Nürnberg, G., & Metges, C. C. (2010) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731110001734 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“…Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany (Received 1 October 2009; Accepted 3 August 2010; First published online 8 September 2010) We evaluated the effect of a high-protein diet (HP) on pregnancy, lactational and rearing success in mice.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNoatsch, A., Petzke, K. J., Millrose, M. K., & Klaus, S. (2010) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-010-0155-2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“This effect is remarkable and remains to be clarified as it was assumed that with increasing the dietary protein concentrations simultaneously reducing the proportion of carbohydrates, the plasma TG levels can be reduced [27] and that daily fat oxidation was increased after long-term HP exposure in rats [7].”
BackgroundPortal glucose influences the sensory, cortical and reward systems in rats
Delaere, F., Akaoka, H., Vadder, F. D., Duchampt, A., & Mithieux, G. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12354 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“…(ii) HP or (iii) HFHS diet at 3 days before the experiment, a duration previously shown as sufficient to establish significant changes in glucose metabolism and to overcome changes in food intake related to novelty and palatability (Kraegen et al., 1991; Jean et al., 2001; Mithieux et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChalvon‐Demersay, T., Blachier, F., Tomé, D., & Blais, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2017.00005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Oral l-glutamine increases active GLP-1 (7-36) amide secretion and improves glycemic control in stretpozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationMariotti, F., Simbelie, K. L., Makarios-Lahham, L., Huneau, J., Tomé, D., Even, P. C., & Laplaize, B. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.1.128 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats
Chaumontet, C., Even, P. C., Schwarz, J., Foucault‐Simonin, A., Piedcoq, J., Fromentin, G., Azzout‐Marniche, D., & Tomé, D. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s000711451500238x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“These effects have been attributed to a reduced energy intake due to the satiating effect of proteins((6,7)), but it was also observed in pair-fed rats((8)) and in ad libitum-fed mice((1)) that a reduced fat mass can be observed without differences in energy intake.”
BackgroundSelf-citationKuhla, B., Kucia, M., Görs, S., Albrecht, D., Langhammer, M., Kuhla, S., & Metges, C. C. (2010) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200900789 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Vascular dysfunction in retinopathy—An emerging role for arginase
Caldwell, R. B., Zhang, W., Romero, M. J., & Caldwell, R. W. (2009) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.08.025 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“These contradictory results can be explained by enhanced hepatic catabolism of oral L-arginine by arginase to urea and ornithine when exposed to L-arginine loads [43,68,79,91].”
BackgroundAnabolic effect of plant brassinosteroid
Esposito, D., Komarnytsky, S., Shapses, S., & Raskin, I. (2011) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-181271 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“It has been shown that short-term increase in dietary protein can favor lean body mass and reduce body fat in rats, possibly due to initial decrease in food intake that gradually returns to normal with time (42).”
BackgroundFromentin, G., Tomé, D., Bensaı̈d, A., Makarios-Lahham, L., Even, P. C., & Marsset‐Baglieri, A. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.10.2646 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“This hypothesis is reinforced by numerous previous observations of carbohydratecontaining diets, showing that rats fed high-protein diets, or spontaneously selecting a high-protein intake during dietary self-selection, were leaner than rats fed or selecting lower levels of protein, a phenomenon observed whatever the f…”
ResultSelf-citationAltmann, S., Muráni, E., Schwerin, M., Metges, C. C., Wimmers, K., & Ponsuksili, S. (2012) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.01.011 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Amino acid catabolism including urea synthesis, ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis is increased by high-protein diet [71,72].”
BackgroundHall, J. A., Vondran, J. C., Vanchina, M. A., & Jewell, D. E. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.173450 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Specific adaptive processes, including increased activities of catabolic pathways such as the urea cycle, are involved in rats adapting to a long-term high-protein diet (Jean et al., 2001).”
BackgroundHigh Protein Intake Affects Lean Body Mass but Not Energy Expenditure in Nonobese Neutered Cats
Nguyen, P., Leray, V., Dumon, H., Martin, L. J. M., Siliart, B. S., Diez, M., & Biourge, V. C. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.8.2084s · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effect of oral oleoyl-estrone on adipose tissue composition in male rats
Remesar, X., Fernández–Löpez, J., Blay, M., Savall, P., Salas, A., Díaz-Silva, M., Esteve, M., Grasa, M., & Alemany, M. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802056 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Intestinal gluconeogenesis: metabolic benefits make sense in the light of evolution
Gautier‐Stein, A., & Mithieux, G. (2022) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00707-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Protein metabolism and related body function: mechanistic approaches and health consequences
Tomé, D., Benoit, S., & Azzout‐Marniche, D. (2020) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665120007880 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationHe, Y., Song, Y., Liao, X.-L., Wang, L., Li, G., Alima, Li, Y., & Sun, C. (2011) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.111.141762 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Noguchi, Y., Shikata, N., Furuhata, Y., Kimura, T., & Takahashi, M. (2008) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00007.2008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Petzke, K. J., Friedrich, M., Metges, C. C., & Klaus, S. (2004) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-004-0545-4 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
de Sousa, R. M. L., Ribeiro, N. L. X., Pinto, B., Sanches, J. R., da Silva, M. U., Coêlho, C. F. F., França, L. M., Neto, J. A. D. F., & Paes, A. M. D. A. (2018) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-018-0290-y · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nicolas, D., Fromentin, G., Raybould Helen, E., Gougis, S., W., G., & Tomé, D. (2005) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/135.6.1486 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationVu, J. P., Luong, L., Parsons, W. F., Oh, S., Sanford, D., Gabalski, A. H., Lighton, J. R. B., Pisegna, J. R., & Germano, P. M. (2017) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.117.257873 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“In the literature, there is a lack of studies on the effects of long-term HPD regimens on energy intake and body weight and only 2 studies extended the experimental observations to a period of 3 (11) or 8 (23) wk.”
BackgroundYeast Proteins Enhance Satiety in Rats
Faipoux, R., Tomé, D., Bensaı̈d, A., Morens, C., Oriol, E., Bonanno, L. M., & Fromentin, G. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.9.2350 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“45% P/E) leads to a decrease in food intake, weight gain, and white adipose tissue (4,5).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Relationship Between Socioeconomic Factors and Food Security in Pregnant Women
Yadegari, L., Dolatian, M., Mahmoodi, Z., Shahsavari, S., & Sharifi, N. (2017) · Shiraz E-Medical Journal · doi:10.17795/semj41483 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Chee, J. Y., Lakshmanan, M., Jeepery, I. F., Hairudin, N. H. B. M., & Sudesh, K. (2019) · Applied food biotechnology · doi:10.22037/afb.v6i1.22234 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“The consumption of a high-protein diet initiated a depression in energy intake, causing a reduction in body fat and achieving a higher ratio of lean to fat mass [66].”
BackgroundThe protein status of rats affects the rewarding value of meals due to their protein content
Chaumontet, C., Recio, I., Fromentin, G., Benoit, S., Piedcoq, J., Darcel, N., & Tomé, D. (2018) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxy060 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationL-arginine increases postprandial circulating GLP-1 and PYY levels in humans
Amin, A., Neophytou, C., Thein, S., Martin, N. M., Alamshah, A., Spreckley, E., Bloom, S. R., & Murphy, K. G. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22323 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“High-protein diets reduce food intake, facilitate weight loss, and improve body composition in animal models and humans (5-8).”
BackgroundStengel, A., Goebel‐Stengel, M., Wang, L., Hu, E., Karasawa, H., Pisegna, J. R., & Taché, Y. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00598.2012 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
L’Heureux-Bouron, D., Tomé, D., Even, P. C., Larue‐Achagiotis, C., Fromentin, G., & Rampin, O. (2003) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.8.2639 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationPurpera, M. N., Li, S., Taghavi, M., Münzberg, H., Martin, R. J., Hutson, S. M., & Morrison, C. D. (2011) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-11-0270 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“2000, Jean et al .”
Morens, C., Keijzer, M., de Vries, K., Scheurink, A. J. W., & van Dijk, G. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00774.2004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Because anorexigenic effects of high dietary protein levels have been documented (4, 15, 23, 25), one possibility might be that the elevated absolute amount of ingested proteins as a result of i3vt SHU9119 treatment reduced appetite in the LC-HF-HP group.”
BackgroundLobley, G. E., Bremner, D. M., Holtrop, G., Johnstone, A. M., & Maloney, C. (2007) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114507691934 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Rats switched to the two highprotein diets (HPLC and HPMC) showed modest reduced food intake, by 9 and 3 % as g/d, less than the 13–16 % observed in other studies (Jean et al. 2001; Mithieux et al. 2005) with diets that included an even higher proportion of gross energy as protein (50 %, compared with 36 % in the curr…”
ResultA Very High 70%-Protein Diet Does Not Induce Conditioned Taste Aversion in Rats
L’Heureux-Bouron, D., Tomé, D., Bensaı̈d, A., Morens, C., Gaudichon, C., & Fromentin, G. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.6.1512 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Rats fed the P14 diet were heavier, but this was due mainly to a higher fat mass (3).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationLi, J., Polston, K. F. L., Eraslan, M., Bickel, C. S., Windham, S. T., McLain, A., Oster, R. A., Bamman, M. M., & Yarar‐Fisher, C. (2018) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13813 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“1999), as well as the roles of protein in preservation of fat-free mass (Jean et al. 2001) and insulin sensitization (Piatti et al.”
BackgroundTomé, D., Chaumontet, C., Even, P. C., Darcel, N., & Azzout-Marniche, D. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.012 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Makarios-Lahham, L., Roseau, S. M., Fromentin, G., Tomé, D., & Even, P. C. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.3.618 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationVeskoukis, A. S., Kerasioti, E., Skaperda, Z., Papapostolou, P. A., Nepka, C., Spandidos, D. A., Asprodini, E. K., Taitzoglou, I., & Kouretas, D. (2020) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2020.111508 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Żebrowska-Gamdzyk, M., Maciejczyk, M., Zalewska, A., Guzińska-Ustymowicz, K., Tokajuk, A., & Car, H. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10091178 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“It has been demonstrated that high-protein diet may result in a positive nitrogen balance, which causes increased production of urea and ammonia in the urea cycle [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialKobayashi, A., Yokoyama, H., Kataoka, J., Ishida, T., Kuno, H., Sugai, S., Sakakibara, H., & Shimoi, K. (2011) · The Journal of Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.2131/jts.36.325 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mu, C., Yang, Y., Luo, Z., & Zhu, W. (2015) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-015-1949-6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“In agreement with previous studies (Chevalier et al. 2013; Jean et al. 2001; Lacroix et al. 2004), our research demonstrated some hyperproteic dietrelated changes, including persistent weight loss and lower food intake, an obvious reduction of plasma triglyceride and adipose tissue weight, and a…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDietary macronutrient composition affects hypothalamic appetite regulation in chicks
McConn, B. R., Matias, J., Wang, G., Cline, M. A., & Gilbert, E. R. (2016) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2016.1219103 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
L’Heureux-Bouron, D., Tomé, D., Bensaı̈d, A., Morens, C., LACROIX, M., Huneau, J., & Fromentin, G. (2004) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.029 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationPotue, P., Chiangsaen, P., Maneesai, P., Khamseekaew, J., Pakdeechote, P., Chankitisakul, V., Boonkum, W., Duanghaklang, N., & Duangjinda, M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18484-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Stępień, M., Gaudichon, C., Azzout‐Marniche, D., Fromentin, G., Tomé, D., & Even, P. C. (2010) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.109.120139 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationYarar‐Fisher, C., Li, J., McLain, A., Gower, B. A., Oster, R. A., & Morrow, C. D. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3520-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tomé, D., Chaumontet, C., Even, P. C., Darcel, N., Thornton, S. N., & Azzout‐Marniche, D. (2019) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05990 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationProtein-Restricted Diets and Their Impact on Metabolic Health and Aging
Kim, S. Q., Spann, R. A., Hill, C. M., Berryman, C. E., Berthoud, H., McDougal, D. H., He, Y., Münzberg, H., Yu, S., & Morrison, C. D. (2025) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-121624-114918 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Effect of administration of high-protein diet in rats submitted to resistance training
Lima, T. D. R., Ávila, E. T. P., Fraga, G. A., Sena, M. D. S., Dias, A. B. D. S., de Almeida, P. C., Trombeta, J. C. D. S., Vieira, R. C., Damazo, A. S., Navalta, J. W., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1391-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Adilah, Z. N., Liew, W.-P.-P., Sabran, M. R., & Amin, I. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/9568351 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Following anHP diet, the liver enzymes enhance the catabolism of amino acid [35].”
BackgroundSustained protein intake for bodyweight management
Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S., Smeets, A. J. P. G., & Nieuwenhuizen, A. G. (2007) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00602.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Vanselow, J., Kucia, M., Langhammer, M., Koczan, D., Rehfeldt, C., & Metges, C. C. (2011) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0168-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chevalier, L., Bos, C., Azzout‐Marniche, D., Fromentin, G., Mosoni, L., Hafnaoui, N., Piedcoq, J., Tomé, D., & Gaudichon, C. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.19 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Jean, C., Rome, S., Mathé, V., Huneau, J.-F., Aattouri, N., Fromentin, G., Achagiotis, C. L., & Tomé, D.
- Affiliations
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Tomé, Daniel
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-98
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1918271356
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 13.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- high-protein diet, energy intake, weight gain, body composition, adipose tissue, splanchnic metabolism, brush border enzymes, gamma-glutamyl transferase, amino acid transporters, system A, hepatocytes
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Body Composition, Carrier Proteins, Dietary Proteins, Energy Metabolism, Enzymes, Intestines, Liver, Male, Metabolism, Weight Gain, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Glutamate, Receptors, Neurotransmitter, Amino Acid Transport Systems, Amino Acid Transport System X-AG, Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2, Symporters, Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Rats
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