An Artificial Chromosome for Data Storage
Open accessAbstract
Abstract DNA digital storage provides an alternative for information storage with high density and long-term stability. Here, we report the de novo design and synthesis of an artificial chromosome that encodes two pictures and a video clip. The encoding paradigm utilizing the superposition of sparsified error correction codewords and pseudo-random sequences tolerates base insertions/deletions and is well suited to error-prone nanopore sequencing for data retrieval. The entire 254 kb sequence was 95.27% occupied by encoded data. The Transformation-Associated Recombination method was used in the construction of this chromosome from DNA fragments and necessary autonomous replication sequences. The stability was demonstrated by transmitting the data-carrying chromosome to the 100th generation. This study demonstrates a data storage method using encoded artificial chromosomes via in vivo assembly for write-once and stable replication for multiple retrievals, similar to a compact disc, with potential in economically massive data distribution.
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The dChr was replicated with high fidelity, no mutation appeared after the 100th generation of replication, and the encoding method was tolerant toward a comparatively low accuracy of Nanopore sequencing, enabling fast retrieval of reliable data.
“Moreover, the dChr was replicated with high fidelity, no mutation appeared after the 100th generation of replication, while the encoding method used in this setup was tolerant toward a comparatively low accuracy of Nanopore sequencing, enabling the fast retrieval of reliable data [69].”
From DNA Data Storage. (2023) · cites this paper as [69]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChen et al. (2021) created a circular 255 kbp yeast artificial chromosome (dChr) encoding a total of 38 KB of digital data (two pictures and a video).
“In 2021, Chen et al. created a circular 255 kbp yeast artificial chromosome (a data-carrying chromosome; dChr) encoding a total of 38 KB of digital data (two pictures and a video) [69].”
From DNA Data Storage. (2023) · cites this paper as [69]
The Results report that the authors constructed a 254,886-bp yeast artificial chromosome encoding 37,782 bytes—approximately 38 KB—comprising two pictures and a video clip. Our copy does not describe the chromosome as circular, so that part of the claim is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredInformation was encoded in a synthetic yeast artificial chromosome with four autonomously replicating sequences and maintained good stability during yeast replication.
“Chen et al. (2021) encoded the information in a synthetic yeast artificial chromosome with four autonomously replicating sequences and maintained good stability during yeast replication.”
From Large-Scale de Novo Oligonucleotide Synthesis for Whole-Genome Synthesis and Data Storage: Challenges and Opportunities (2021) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2021
Preservation of DNA digital archives can be implemented using not only in vitro substrates but also in vivo approaches.
“It is also important to mention that the preservation of DNA digital archives can be implemented using not only in vitro substrates but also in vivo approaches.150−153”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [150]
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DNA Data Storage Architecture via Ligation of Dynamic DNA Bytes
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- Authors
- Chen, W., Han, M., Zhou, J., Ge, Q., Wang, P., Zhang, X., Zhu, S., Song, L., & Yuan, Y.
- Affiliations
- Tianjin University (CN)
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- ORCID
- Venue
- National Science Review
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-02-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- nwab028-nwab028
- ISSN
- 2053-714X (ISSN-L)
- 2095-5138
- PMC
- PMC8288405
- OpenAlex
- W3130820694
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 6.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- National Science Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21621004)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Biological Computing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- DNA data storage, artificial chromosomes, error correction coding, nanopore sequencing, transformation-associated recombination, in vivo assembly, autonomous replication sequence, data retrieval
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