Available alternative incentives modulate anticipatory nucleus accumbens activation
Open accessAbstract
A reward or punishment can seem better or worse depending on what else might have happened. Little is known, however, about how neural representations of an anticipated incentive might be influenced by the available alternatives. We used event-related FMRI to investigate the activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), while we varied the available alternative incentives in a monetary incentive delay task. Some task blocks included only uncertain gains and losses; others included the same uncertain gains and losses intermixed with certain gains and losses. The availability of certain gains and losses increased NAcc activation for uncertain losses and decreased the difference between uncertain gains and losses. We suggest that this pattern of activation can result from reference point changes across blocks, and that the worst available loss may serve as an important anchor for NAcc activation. These findings imply that NAcc activation represents anticipated incentive value relative to the current context of available alternative gains and losses.
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The neuroimaging literature is profoundly inconsistent on the role of the striatum in aversive learning, with some studies reporting increased VS activity in aversive contexts and others reporting decreased activity.
“the neuroimaging literature is profoundly inconsistent on this point, with some studies reporting increased VS activity in aversive contexts (Figure 2c) [62–64] and others reporting decreasing activity in this area during the prediction, learning, and receipt of aversive outcomes [65,66].”
From Contributions of the striatum to learning, motivation, and performance: an associative account (2012) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Cooper, J. C., Hollon, N. G., Wimmer, G. E., & Knutson, B.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-10-20
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 409-416
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC2799954
- OpenAlex
- W2144886479
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0748915)
- National Institutes of Health (5t32mh020006-19)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH020006), 5T32 MH020006, 5T32MH020006-10)
- Division of Graduate Education
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- nucleus accumbens, monetary incentive delay task, reward and punishment, uncertainty, loss, incentive salience
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Cues, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Nucleus Accumbens, Oxygen, Reaction Time, Reinforcement Schedule, Reward, Time Factors, Young Adult
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