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Cited by 288Schizophrenia research and treatmentParanormal Experiences and BeliefsHallucinations in medical conditions

The Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS): A New Validated Measure of Anomalous Perceptual Experience

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Bell, Vaughan, Halligan, Peter W, Ellis, Hadyn D·2006·Schizophrenia Bulletin
DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbj014PMC PMC2632213
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Abstract

The study describes the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS), a new validated measure of perceptual anomalies. The 32-item CAPS measure is a reliable, self-report scale, which uses neutral language, demonstrates high content validity, and includes subscales that measure distress, intrusiveness, and frequency of anomalous experience. The CAPS was completed by a general population sample of 336 participants and 20 psychotic inpatients. Approximately 11% of the general population sample scored above the mean of the psychotic patient sample, although, as a group, psychotic inpatients scored significantly more than the general population on all CAPS subscales. A principal components analysis of the general population data revealed 3 components: "clinical psychosis" (largely Schneiderian first-rank symptoms), "temporal lobe disturbance" (largely related to temporal lobe epilepsy and related seizure-like disturbances) and "chemosensation" (largely olfactory and gustatory experiences), suggesting that there are multiple contributory factors underlying anomalous perceptual experience and the "psychosis continuum."

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  • A shift in visual information processing that favors prior knowledge over sensory evidence might be a marker for the mechanisms underlying the role of altered perceptual experiences in psychosis.

    “Given that the CAPS is selective for measuring schizotypal perceptual phenomena rather than targeting schizotypy in general (16), our findings indicate that a shift in visual information processing that favors prior knowledge over sensory evidence might be a marker for the mechanisms underlying this observation.”

    From Shift toward prior knowledge confers a perceptual advantage in early psychosis and psychosis-prone healthy individuals (2015) · cites this paper as [16]

  • The Cardiff Anomalous Perception Scale (CAPS) and the Peters Delusion Inventory (PDI) are specific to clinical features relating to hallucinations and delusions respectively.

    “Note that, although other schizotypy scales such as Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) (27) and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) (28) characterize a number of schizotypal features, CAPS and PDI are specific to clinical features relating to hallucinations and delusions respectively.”

    From Shift toward prior knowledge confers a perceptual advantage in early psychosis and psychosis-prone healthy individuals (2015) · cites this paper as [16]

  • A study reported a correlation between predisposition to anomalous experiences/hallucinations (CAPS) and the number of visual distortions from viewing aversive gratings during active and sham tDCS.

    “Interestingly, using tDCS, a recent study also investigated the excitability of the occipital cortex in healthy subjects, and reported a correlation between the predisposition to anomalous experiences/hallucinations score measured by the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS) 85 and the number of visual distortions that occurred from viewing aversive gratings during active and sham tDCS.86”

    From Are hallucinations due to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory influences on the brain? (2016) · cites this paper as [85]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [44]Persinger MA, Makarec K. Temporal lobe epileptic signs and correlative behaviors displayed by normal populations. J Gen Psychol. 1987;114:179–195. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1987.9711068. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
  2. [45]Persinger MA, Healey F. Experimental facilitation of the sensed presence: possible intercalation between the hemispheres induced by complex magnetic fields. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2002;190:533–541. doi: 10.1097/00005053-200208000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI

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Authors
Bell, V., Halligan, P. W., & Ellis, H. D.
Affiliations
Cardiff University (GB)
Corresponding author
Halligan, Peter W
ORCID
Venue
Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2005-10-29
Volume
32
Issue
2
Pages
366-377
ISSN
  • 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-1701
DOI
10.1093/schbul/sbj014
PMC
PMC2632213
OpenAlex
W2158535717
Cited by
288
References
61
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
2.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Cognition Disorders, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perceptual Disorders, Psychotic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Reproducibility of Results

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