The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Pain Inhibition and Spontaneous Pain in Women
Abstract
Impaired central pain modulation is implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic pain. In this controlled experiment, we evaluated whether partial sleep loss altered endogenous pain inhibition and reports of spontaneous pain. Thirty-two healthy females were studied polysomnographically for 7 nights. On Nights 1-2 (Baseline), subjects slept undisturbed for 8 hours. After Night 2, subjects were randomized to Control (N = 12), Forced Awakening (FA, N = 10), or Restricted Sleep Opportunity (RSO, N = 10) conditions. Controls continued to sleep undisturbed. FA underwent 8 forced awakenings (one per hour) on Nights 3-5. RSO subjects were yoked to FA on total sleep time (TST), receiving partial sleep deprivation by delayed bedtime. On Night 6, both FA & RSO underwent 36 hours total sleep deprivation (TSD), followed by 11-hour recovery sleep (Night 7). Subjects completed twice-daily psychophysical assessments of mechanical pain thresholds and pain inhibition (Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls), via use of a conditioning stimulus (i.e., cold pressor) paradigm. FA and RSO demonstrated 50% reductions in total sleep time and increases in nonpainful somatic symptoms during partial sleep deprivation. While sleep deprivation had no effect on pain thresholds, during partial sleep deprivation the FA group demonstrated a significant loss of pain inhibition and an increase in spontaneous pain; neither of the other 2 groups showed changes in pain inhibition or spontaneous pain during partial sleep deprivation. These data suggest that sleep continuity disturbance, but not simple sleep restriction, impairs endogenous pain-inhibitory function and increases spontaneous pain, supporting a possible pathophysiologic role of sleep disturbance in chronic pain.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Sleep durations of 7–8 or 8–9 hours were consistently associated with reduced pain symptoms.18,105–109”
From Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: Methodology and Discussion (2015) · cites this paper as [109]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Sleep durations below 5 hours were associated with increased pain in all of these study types.18,19,105–110”
In the citing paper
“Sleep durations of 7-8 or 8-9 hours were consistently associated with reduced pain symptoms.”
In the citing paper
“Sleep durations below 5 hours were associated with increased pain in all of these study types.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364
The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods
Melzack, R. (1975) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(75)90044-5 · Cited by 6,873
The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report.
Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700048017 · Cited by 6,650
Hobson, J. A. (1969) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(69)90021-2 · Cited by 5,215
Quantification of Sleepiness: A New Approach
Hoddes, E., Zarcone, V., Smythe, H., Phillips, R., & Dement, W. C. (1973) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x · Cited by 2,538
The Psychology of Physical Symptoms
Pennebaker, J. W. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8196-9 · Cited by 1,789
Smith, M. T., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2004) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1087-0792(03)00044-3 · Cited by 914
Self-citationPsychophysiological insomnia: the behavioural model and a neurocognitive perspective
PERLIS, M. L., GILES, D. E., MENDELSON, W. B., BOOTZIN, R. R., & WYATT, J. K. (1997) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1997.00045.x · Cited by 795
Widespread pain in fibromyalgia is related to a deficit of endogenous pain inhibition
Julien, N., Goffaux, P., Arsenault, P., & Marchand, S. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.032 · Cited by 634
Gebhart, G. F. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.11.008 · Cited by 585
Induction of Neurasthenic Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome by Selective Sleep Stage Deprivation
Moldofsky, H., & Scarisbrick, P. (1976) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197601000-00006 · Cited by 560
Possible Deficiencies of Pain Modulation in Fibromyalgia
Lautenbacher, S., & Rollman, G. B. (1997) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199709000-00003 · Cited by 546
Kosek, E., & Hansson, P. T. (1997) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03295-2 · Cited by 539
Onen, S. ‐., Alloui, A., Gross, A. S., Eschalier, A., & Dubray, C. (2001) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00240.x · Cited by 512
Actigraphy Validation with Insomnia
Lichstein, K. L., Stone, K. C., James Donaldson, R., Nau, S. D., Soeffing, J. P., Murray, D. M., Lester, K. W., & Aguillard, R. N. (2006) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.2.232 · Cited by 502
Sleep Loss and REM Sleep Loss are Hyperalgesic
Roehrs, T., Hyde‐Nolan, M. E., Blaisdell, B., Greenwald, M. K., & Roth, T. G. (2006) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.2.145 · Cited by 492
Sex, gender, and pain: women and men really are different
Fillingim, R. B. (2000) · Current Review of Pain · doi:10.1007/s11916-000-0006-6 · Cited by 488
Affleck, G. G., URROWS, S. T., Tennen, H. A., Higgins, P. S., & Abeles, M. (1996) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03226-5 · Cited by 467
Epidemiological Study on Insomnia in the General Population
Ohayon, M. (1996) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/19.suppl_3.s7 · Cited by 401
Wilder‐Smith, C. H., Schindler, D., Lövblad, K., Redmond, S. M., & Nirkko, A. (2004) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2003.028514 · Cited by 396
Generalized hypervigilance in fibromyalgia: evidence of perceptual amplification
McDermid, A. J., Rollman, G. B., & McCain, G. A. (1996) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(96)03059-x · Cited by 371
Sensitivity of patients with painful temporomandibular disorders to experimentally evoked pain
Maixner, W. D., Fillingim, R. B., Booker, D., & Sigurðsson, Á. (1995) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(95)00068-2 · Cited by 363
Edwards, R. R., Fillingim, R. B., & Ness, T. J. (2002) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00324-x · Cited by 356
Self-citationAmerican Sleep Disorders Association
Peter, H., Penzel, T., Peter, J. H., & Peter, J. G. (2025) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65186-5_300098 · Cited by 341
Lentz, M. J., Landis, C. A., Rothermel, J., & Shaver, J. L. F. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 332
Impairment of pain inhibition in chronic tension-type headache
Pielsticker, A., Haag, G., Zaudig, M., & Lautenbacher, S. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.08.019 · Cited by 315
The Neural Basis of Interindividual Variability in Inhibitory Efficiency after Sleep Deprivation
Chuah, L. Y. M., Venkatraman, V., Dinges, D. F., & Chee, M. W. L. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0906-06.2006 · Cited by 314
Sleep quality and presleep arousal in chronic pain
Smith, M. T., Perlis, M. L., Smith, M. S., Giles, D. E., & Carmody, T. P. (2000) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1005444719169 · Cited by 302
Self-citationIndividual differences in endogenous pain modulation as a risk factor for chronic pain
Edwards, R. R. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000171862.17301.84 · Cited by 283
Self-citationDiffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls (DNIC) in Animals and in Man
Bars, D. L., Villanueva, L., Bouhassira, D., & Wilier, J. C. (1991) · Acupuncture in Medicine · doi:10.1136/aim.9.2.47 · Cited by 261
Sleep disturbance in pain clinic patients
Pilowsky, I., Crettenden, I., & Townley, M. (1985) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(85)90227-1 · Cited by 257
Encoding of nociceptive thermal stimuli by diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in humans
Willer, J. C., de Broucker, T., & Bars, D. L. (1989) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1989.62.5.1028 · Cited by 226
Edwards, R. R., Ness, T. J., Weigent, D. A., & Fillingim, R. B. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.09.005 · Cited by 220
Self-citationCentral sensitization in fibromyalgia and other musculoskeletal disorders
Arendt-Nielsen, L., & Graven-Nielsen, T. (2003) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-003-0034-0 · Cited by 219
Kundermann, B., Spernal, J., Huber, M. T., Krieg, J.-C., & Lautenbacher, S. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000145912.24553.c0 · Cited by 205
Leffler, A., Kosek, E., Lerndal, T., Nordmark, B., & Hansson, P. T. (2002) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1053/eujp.2001.0313 · Cited by 195
Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in man: Involvement of an opioidergic link
Willer, J. C., Bars, D. L., & de Broucker, T. (1990) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(90)90293-f · Cited by 186
How to Select Covariates to Include in the Analysis of a Clinical Trial
RAAB, G. M., Day, S. J., & Sales, J. (2000) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(00)00061-1 · Cited by 185
Development of a sleep diary for chronic pain patients
Haythornthwaite, J. A., Hegel, M. T., & Kerns, R. D. (1991) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(91)90520-e · Cited by 161
Self-citationOlder, S. A., Battafarano, D. F., Danning, C. L., Ward, J., Grady, E. P., Derman, S., & Russell, I. J. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 147
Morphine blocks descending pain inhibitory controls in humans
Bars, D. L., Willer, J. C., & de Broucker, T. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90126-v · Cited by 139
Disturbed Sleep in Patients Complaining of Chronic Pain
Wittig, R. M., Zorick, F. J., Blumer, D. P., Heilbronn, M., & Roth, T. G. (1982) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198207000-00011 · Cited by 134
Peters, M. L., Schmidt, A. J. M., van den Hout, M., Koopmans, R., & Sluijter, M. E. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90159-9 · Cited by 105
Self-Reported Abuse History and Pain Complaints among Young Adults
Fillingim, R. B., Wilkinson, C. S., & Powell, T. (1999) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199906000-00004 · Cited by 79
Talbot, J. D., Duncan, G. H., & Bushnell, C. M. (1989) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(89)90028-6 · Cited by 78
Kaila‐Kangas, L., Mika Kivimaki, B., Härmä, M., Riihimäki, H., Luukkonen, R. A., Kirjonen, J., & Leino‐Arjas, P. (2005) · Spine · doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000193902.45315.e5 · Cited by 78
Widespread pain and neck pain in schoolchildren. A prospective one-year follow-up study
Mikkelsson, M., Sourander, A., Salminen, J. J., Kautiainen, H., & Piha, J. (1999) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00999.x · Cited by 68
Arima, T., Svensson, P. J., Rasmussen, C., Nielsen, K. D., Drewes, A. M., & Arendt‐Nielsen, L. (2001) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00687.x · Cited by 62
Endogenous pain inhibitory systems activated by spatial summation are opioid-mediated
Julien, N., & Marchand, S. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.032 · Cited by 52
Smith, M. T., Edwards, R. R., Stonerock, G. L., & McCann, U. D. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.7.809 · Cited by 48
Self-citationEffects of Gender and Acute Dental Pain on Thermal Pain Responses
Edwards, R. R., Fillingim, R. B., Yamauchi, S., Sigurðsson, Á., Bunting, S., Mohorn, S., & Maixner, W. D. (1999) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199909000-00011 · Cited by 46
Self-citationSleepiness does not Modulate Experimental Joint Pain in Healthy Volunteers
Drewes, A. M., Rössel, P., Arendt‐Nielsen, L., Dremstrup, K., Hansen, L. M., Birket‐Smith, L., & Stengaard‐Pedersen, K. (1997) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3109/03009749709065709 · Cited by 26
Warrington (2001) · Pure Amsterdam UMC · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200101)44:1 · Cited by 2
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Nielsen KD, Drewes AM, Svendsen L, Bjerregard K, Taagholt S. Ambulatory recording and power spectral analysis by autoregres- sive modeling of polygraphic sleep signals in patients suffering from chronic pain. Methods Inf Med 1994;33:76-8.
- Roizenblatt S, Moldofsky H, Benedito-Silva AA, Tufik S. Alpha sleep characteristics in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:222-30.
- Perlis ML, Giles DE, Mendelson WB, Bootzin RR, Wyatt JK. Psy- chophysiological insomnia: the behavioural model and a neurocog- nitive perspective. J Sleep Res 1997;6:179-88.
- Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self- report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. JAMA 1999; 282:1737-44.
- Nakagawa S. A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statisti- cal power and publication bias. Behav Ecol 2004;15:1044-5.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward
Finan, P. H., Goodin, B. R., & Smith, M. T. (2013) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.08.007 · Cited by 1,620
Self-citationPanel, C. C., Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., et al. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4886 · Cited by 906
Fibromyalgia: an update on clinical characteristics, aetiopathogenesis and treatment
Sarzi‐Puttini, P., Giorgi, V., Marotto, D., & Atzeni, F. (2020) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-020-00506-w · Cited by 899
Painful Temporomandibular Disorder
Slade, G. D., Ohrbach, R. K., Greenspan, J. D., Fillingim, R. B., Bair, E., Sanders, A. E., Dubner, R. A., Diatchenko, L. B., Meloto, C. B., Smith, S. B., et al. (2016) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034516653743 · Cited by 678
Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options Update
Siracusa, R., Paola, R. D., Cuzzocrea, S., & Impellizzeri, D. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22083891 · Cited by 768
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, M. T., Edwards, R. R., McCann, U. D., & Haythornthwaite, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Michael T.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 494-505
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W190565509
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 14.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K23 NS47168, R21NS051771, K23NS047168)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR002719)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, pain inhibition, spontaneous pain, central pain modulation, chronic pain, sleep continuity, sleep restriction, mechanical pain threshold, diffuse noxious inhibitory control, cold pressor pain, women, recovery sleep
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Neural Inhibition, Pain, Pain Measurement, Reference Values, Sick Role, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Wake Disorders, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Pain Threshold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
