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Sleep Spindle Activity Is Correlated With Reading Abilities in Developmental Dyslexia
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To analyze sleep architecture of children with dyslexia, by means of conventional parameters and EEG spectral analysis and to correlate sleep parameters and EEG spectra with neuropsychological measures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study involving validated sleep questionnaires, neuropsychological scales, and polysomnographic recordings. SETTING: Sleep laboratory in academic center. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen subjects with developmental dyslexia (mean age 10.8 years) and 11 normally reading children (mean age 10.1 years). All the subjects underwent overnight polysomnographic recording; EEG power spectra were computed from the Cz derivation and spindle density was calculated during sleep stages N2. INTERVENTION: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Dyslexic children showed an increase in power of frequency bands between 0.5-3 Hz and 11-12 Hz in stage N2 and between 0.5-1 Hz in stage N3; they also showed significantly increased spindle density during N2. The power of the sigma band in N2 was positively correlated with the Word reading and MT reading tests; similarly, spindle density was significantly correlated with the Word reading test. The increased spindle activity and EEG sigma power in dyslexic subjects were found to be correlated with the degree of dyslexic impairment. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation found between sleep spindle activity and reading abilities in developmental dyslexia supports the hypothesis of a role for NREM sleep and spindles in sleep-related neurocognitive processing.
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Abnormally large spindles or absence of spindles were observed in mentally retarded and dyslexic children.
“Abnormally large spindles or the absence of spindles were observed in mentally retarded and dyslexic children (93,148,400,455,456,1070,1071).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [148]
The Power Spectral Analysis and Spindles Density section reports more spindles during stage N2 in dyslexic children than in controls. It does not report abnormally large or absent spindles, and the study participants were children with dyslexia, not children with intellectual disability. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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The Role of Sleep in Language Knowledge
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Lioret, J., Comajuan, M., Plancoulaine, S., Gérard, D., Gauld, C., Thieux, M., Beck, N., Denechere, E., Franco, P., & Guyon, A. (2026) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109107
Solbi, A., Thimmugari, R. G., van Zelst, A. L., & Earle, F. S. (2026) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1903903
Nguyen, E., Yeap, Z., Badcock, N. A., & Richardson, C. E. (2026) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.70074
Quercia, P., & Morin, S. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16101106
Metadata
- Authors
- Bruni, O., Ferri, R., Novelli, L., Terribili, M., Troianiello, M., Finotti, E., Leuzzi, V., & Curatolo, P.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Oasi Maria SS (IT)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Bruni, Oliviero
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1333-1340
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2753811
- OpenAlex
- W151996704
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- developmental dyslexia, sleep spindles, reading skills, sleep architecture, NREM sleep, EEG spectral analysis, sleep spindle density, children, polysomnography, neuropsychological correlates
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyslexia, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reading, Sleep Wake Disorders, Sleep Stages, Wechsler Scales, Polysomnography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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