Improvement of executive functions in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an open-label follow-up study with once-daily atomoxetine

Gau, Susan Shur-Fen; Shang, Chi-Yung

doi:10.1017/s1461145709990836

Cited by 91Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Improvement of executive functions in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an open-label follow-up study with once-daily atomoxetine

Gau, Susan Shur-Fen, Shang, Chi-Yung·2010·The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

DOI 10.1017/s1461145709990836

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Abstract

Atomoxetine is efficacious in reducing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but its effect on executive functions needs more investigation. We examined the effect of atomoxetine on a wide range of non-verbal executive functions among 30 drug-naive male patients with DSM-IV ADHD, aged 8-16 yr, in an open-label 12-wk atomoxetine treatment trial. Before administration of atomoxetine, the participants were assessed by psychiatric interviews, the WISC-III, and the tasks involving executive functions of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Intra-dimensional/Extra-dimensional Shifts (IED), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP), Spatial Span (SSP), Spatial Working Memory (SWM), and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC); and reassessed at weeks 4 and 12. All the raw scores of the CANTAB were transformed to z scores based on a normative sample of 180 children aged 8-16 yr. Results showed significant improvement in executive functions after treatment with atomoxetine for 4 wk or 12 wk including improved shifting and flexibility of attention in the IED; improved spatial short-term memory in the SSP; improved sustained attention and increased response inhibition in the RVIP; improved spatial working memory in the SWM; and improved spatial planning and problem solving in the SOC. Our findings suggested that atomoxetine was associated with significant improvement in various non-verbal executive functions among boys with ADHD, in addition to its well-known efficacy in ADHD-related symptom reductions. However, owing to lack of a placebo-controlled trial design, the findings should be interpreted with caution that changes in performance may be due to practice effects.

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Medication management is the most commonly utilized treatment for ADHD.
“medication management, the mostly commonly utilized treatment for ADHD, has a very significant effect on core symptoms of ADHD but only equivocal effects on specific executive functions [38–40].”
From Proof-of-concept study of an at-home, engaging, digital intervention for pediatric ADHD (2018) · cites this paper as [40]
Medication management has a very significant effect on core symptoms of ADHD but only equivocal effects on specific executive functions.
“medication management, the mostly commonly utilized treatment for ADHD, has a very significant effect on core symptoms of ADHD but only equivocal effects on specific executive functions [38–40].”
From Proof-of-concept study of an at-home, engaging, digital intervention for pediatric ADHD (2018) · cites this paper as [40]

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Sobanski, E., Leppämäki, S., Bushe, C., Berggren, L., Casillas, M., & Deberdt, W. G. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Authors: Gau, S. S.-F., & Shang, C.-Y.
Affiliations: National Taiwan University (TW)
Corresponding author: Gau, Susan Shur-Fen
ORCID: Gau, Susan Shur-Fen
Shang, Chi-Yung
Venue: The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2009-10-23
Volume: 13
Issue: 02
Pages: 243
ISSN: 1461-1457 (ISSN-L)
1469-5111
DOI: 10.1017/s1461145709990836
OpenAlex: W2171785923
Cited by: 91
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 3.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: atomoxetine, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive function, boys, attentional shift, response inhibition, spatial working memory, spatial short-term memory, sustained attention, spatial planning, problem solving
MeSH terms: Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Propylamines, Psychomotor Performance, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Executive Function

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Improvement of executive functions in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an open-label follow-up study with once-daily atomoxetine

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