Aβ peptide immunization restores blood‐brain barrier integrity in Alzheimer disease
Abstract
Immunization with amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides or passive immunization with antibodies against Abeta has been reported to reduce plaque burden, neuritic dystrophy, early Tau pathology, microgliosis as well as reversing learning and memory deficits. This has created a central paradox: how does vaccination in peripheral tissues reduce plaque burden in the brain? No single explanation for these phenomena has yet been presented. To reconcile these observations, we demonstrate that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a structural barrier between the brain and the blood, is compromised in Tg2576 Alzheimer disease (AD) model mice. We immunized Tg2576 mice with Abeta before and after the onset of AD-type neuropathology and observed that BBB permeability, amyloid burden, and microgliosis are decreased in immunized mice. It is concluded that the integrity of the BBB is disrupted in AD mice, and after Abeta immunization the immune system clears Abeta from sources in the brain as it would in peripheral organs lacking barriers. Once Abeta is removed, the integrity of the BBB is restored. The data therefore provide an intellectual framework for understanding how the immune system can clear amyloid deposits from AD brains and suggest new strategies for limiting disease progression in amyloidopathies.
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Impairments of the BBB have been observed in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
“impairments of the BBB have been observed in this context (Dickstein et al., 2006; Zipser et al., 2007; Lassman et al., 2012; Figure 2).”
From The impact of microglial activation on blood-brain barrier in brain diseases (2014) · cites this paper as Dickstein et al., 2006
Elimination of Aβ from the brain and consequent impairment of microglial activation decrease ROS, nitrogen compounds and inflammatory cytokines produced by microglial cells, which are correlated with activation of endothelial cells.
“It has already been shown that the elimination of Aβ from the brain and the consequent impairment of microglial activation decrease ROS, nitrogen compounds and also inflammatory cytokines produced by microglial cells, which are correlated with the activation of ECs (Dickstein et al., 2006).”
From The impact of microglial activation on blood-brain barrier in brain diseases (2014) · cites this paper as Dickstein et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Dickstein, D. L., Biron, K. E., Ujiie, M., Pfeifer, C. G., Jeffries, A. R., & Jefferies, W. A.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 426-433
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- OpenAlex
- W2021255508
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2006-07-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- amyloid-beta immunization, blood-brain barrier integrity, Alzheimer's disease, Tg2576 mice, blood-brain barrier permeability, amyloid plaque clearance, microglial activation, amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Antibodies, Blood-Brain Barrier, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Organ Specificity, Peptide Fragments, Vaccination, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Microglia, Mice, Plaque, Amyloid
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