Glycosaminoglycans and their proteoglycans: host‐associated molecular patterns for initiation and modulation of inflammation
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans, linear carbohydrates such as heparan sulfate and hyaluronan, participate in a variety of biological processes including cell‐matrix interactions and activation of chemokines, enzymes and growth factors. This review will discuss progress in immunology and the science of wound repair that has revealed the importance of glycosaminoglycans, and their proteoglycans, in the inflammatory process. Heparan sulfate enables growth factor function and modifies enzyme/inhibitor functions, such as antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II. Heparan sulfate also interacts with cytokines/chemokines and participates in leukocyte selectin binding to promote the recruitment of leukocytes. Chondroitin sulfate/ dermatan sulfate regulates growth factor activity and is an alternate modulator of heparin cofactor II. In addition, dermatan sulfate induces ICAM‐1 expression on endothelial cells and also recruits leukocytes via selectin interactions. Hyaluronan alternatively participates in leukocyte recruitment via interaction with CD44, while activating various inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, through CD44‐dependent signaling. Hyaluronan also signals through Toll‐like receptor 4 to induce dendritic cell maturation and promote cytokine release by dendritic cells and endothelial cells. Taken together, the field of glycosaminoglycan biology provides new clues and explanations of the process of inflammation and suggests new therapeutic approaches to human disease.—Taylor, K. R., Gallo, R. L. Glycosaminoglycans and their proteoglycans: host‐associated molecular patterns for initiation and modulation of inflammation. FASEB J. 20, 9–22 (2006)
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These integrins were also co-expressed with members of the glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan family (SDCBP, LUM), laminin beta 1 (LAMB1), and with several proteases and other enzymes involved in ECM remodeling and cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions.
“They were also co-expressed with members of the glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan family (syndecan binding protein (SDCBP), lumican (LUM)), known to play an important role in the initiation of inflammatory phenomena, as well as in the recruitment, rolling, and subsequent extravasation of lymphocytes [24], the laminin beta 1 (LAMB1), and with several proteases and other enzymes involved in ECM”
From Adipose tissue transcriptomic signature highlights the pathological relevance of extracellular matrix in human obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [24]
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An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes
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The role of the extracellular matrix components in cutaneous wound healing
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- Authors
- Taylor, K. R., & Gallo, R. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- ORCID
- Gallo, Richard L.
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-22
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- OpenAlex
- W1972420702
- Cited by
- 639
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Keywords
- glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, inflammation, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, wound healing, leukocyte recruitment, selectins, CD44, ICAM-1, heparin cofactor II, antithrombin III, growth factor activation, TLR4, dendritic cell maturation, macrophages, cytokine production
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Glycosaminoglycans, Inflammation, Proteoglycans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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