The transcriptional landscape of age in human peripheral blood
Open accessAbstract
Disease incidences increase with age, but the molecular characteristics of ageing that lead to increased disease susceptibility remain inadequately understood. Here we perform a whole-blood gene expression meta-analysis in 14,983 individuals of European ancestry (including replication) and identify 1,497 genes that are differentially expressed with chronological age. The age-associated genes do not harbor more age-associated CpG-methylation sites than other genes, but are instead enriched for the presence of potentially functional CpG-methylation sites in enhancer and insulator regions that associate with both chronological age and gene expression levels. We further used the gene expression profiles to calculate the ‘transcriptomic age’ of an individual, and show that differences between transcriptomic age and chronological age are associated with biological features linked to ageing, such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, fasting glucose, and body mass index. The transcriptomic prediction model adds biological relevance and complements existing epigenetic prediction models, and can be used by others to calculate transcriptomic age in external cohorts.
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A gene-expression study on whole-blood RNA from a large population cohort in Europe and the USA found immune response and inflammation were the most highly upregulated pathways associated with ageing.
“A gene-expression study conducted on whole-blood RNA samples from a large population cohort in Europe and the USA revealed that immune response and inflammation were the most highly upregulated pathways in association with ageing39.”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
The transcriptomic clock was found to have associations with some biomarkers and risk factors, including smoking status, and a unique association with systolic blood pressure that was not detected by the Horvath and Hannum clocks.
“However, the transcriptomic clock was found to have associations with some biomarkers and risk factors, including smoking status, and a unique association with systolic blood pressure that was not detected by the Horvath and Hannum clocks.”
From Measuring biological age using omics data (2022) · cites this paper as [81]
The Peters et al. transcriptomic clock had highly variable age prediction accuracy across cohorts and was significantly less accurate in chronological age prediction than epigenetic clocks in all tested cohorts.
“The transcriptomic clock had highly variable age prediction accuracy across cohorts and was significantly less accurate in chronological age prediction than epigenetic clocks in all tested cohorts.”
From Measuring biological age using omics data (2022) · cites this paper as [81]
Peters et al.'s transcriptomic age gap correlated with different biological ageing measures than the Horvath and Hannum clocks.
“Peters et al.’s transcriptomic age gap correlated with different biological ageing measures to those of the Horvath and Hannum clocks81;”
From Measuring biological age using omics data (2022) · cites this paper as [81]
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Huang, Z., Whelan, C., Foley, N. M., Jebb, D., Touzalin, F., PETIT, E. J., Puechmaille, S. J., & Teeling, E. C. (2019) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0913-3 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Janssens, G. E., Lin, X.-X., Millán-Ariño, L., Kavšek, A., Sen, I., Seinstra, R. I., Stroustrup, N., Nollen, E. A. A., & Riedel, C. G. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.044 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Peters, M. J., Joehanes, R., Pilling, L. C., Schurmann, C., Conneely, K. N., Powell, J., Reinmaa, E., Sutphin, G. L., Zhernakova, A., Schramm, K., Wilson, Y. A., Kobes, S., Tukiainen, T., NABEC/UKBEC Consortium, Nalls, M. A., Hernandez, D. G., Cookson, M. R., Gibbs, R. J., Hardy, J., Ramasamy, A., Zonderman, A. B., Dillman, A., Traynor, B., Smith, C., Longo, D. L., Trabzuni, D., Troncoso, J., van der Brug, M., Weale, M. E., O'Brien, R., Johnson, R., Walker, R., Zielke, R. H., Arepalli, S., Ryten, M., Singleton, A. B., Ramos, Y. F., Göring, H. H. H., Fornage, M., Liu, Y., Gharib, S. A., Stranger, B. E., De Jager, P. L., Aviv, A., Levy, D., Murabito, J. M., Munson, P. J., Huan, T., Hofman, A., Uitterlinden, A. G., Rivadeneira, F., van Rooij, J., Stolk, L., Broer, L., Verbiest, M. M. P. J., Jhamai, M., Arp, P., Metspalu, A., Tserel, L., Milani, L., Samani, N. J., Peterson, P., Kasela, S., Codd, V., Peters, A., Ward-Caviness, C. K., Herder, C., Waldenberger, M., Roden, M., Singmann, P., Zeilinger, S., Illig, T., Homuth, G., Grabe, H.-J., Völzke, H., Steil, L., Kocher, T., Murray, A., Melzer, D., Yaghootkar, H., Bandinelli, S., Moses, E. K., Kent, J. W., Curran, J. E., Johnson, M. P., Williams-Blangero, S., Westra, H.-J., McRae, A. F., Smith, J. A., Kardia, S. L. R., Hovatta, I., Perola, M., Ripatti, S., Salomaa, V., Henders, A. K., Martin, N. G., Smith, A. K., Mehta, D., Binder, E. B., Nylocks, K. M., Kennedy, E. M., Klengel, T., Ding, J., Suchy-Dicey, A. M., Enquobahrie, D. A., Brody, J., Rotter, J. I., Chen, Y.-D. I., Houwing-Duistermaat, J., Kloppenburg, M., Slagboom, P. E., Helmer, Q., den Hollander, W., Bean, S., Raj, T., Bakhshi, N., Wang, Q. P., Oyston, L. J., Psaty, B. M., Tracy, R. P., Montgomery, G. W., Turner, S. T., Blangero, J., Meulenbelt, I., Ressler, K. J., Yang, J., Franke, L., Kettunen, J., Visscher, P. M., Neely, G. G., Korstanje, R., Hanson, R. L., Prokisch, H., Ferrucci, L., Esko, T., Teumer, A., van Meurs, J. B. J., & Johnson, A. D.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Boston University (US)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE)
- Emory University (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- University of Tartu (EE)
- Jackson Laboratory (US)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (GB)
- Guy's Hospital (GB)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (SA)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (US)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. (DE)
- Düsseldorf University Hospital (DE)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze (IT)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Broad Institute (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Group Health Cooperative (US)
- University of Vermont (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Andrew D.
- ORCID
- Peters, Marjolein J.
- Joehanes, Roby
- Pilling, Luke C.
- Schurmann, Claudia
- Conneely, Karen N.
- Powell, Joseph
- Sutphin, George L.
- Zhernakova, Alexandra
- Schramm, Katharina
- Wilson, Yana A.
- Tukiainen, Taru
- Hernandez, Dena G.
- Cookson, Mark R.
- Hardy, John
- Ramasamy, Adaikalavan
- Zonderman, Alan B.
- Dillman, Allissa
- Traynor, Bryan
- Smith, Colin
- Longo, Dan L.
- Trabzuni, Daniah
- Troncoso, Juan
- Weale, Michael E.
- Johnson, Robert
- Walker, Robert
- Ryten, Mina
- Singleton, Andrew B.
- Ramos, Yolande F.
- Göring, Harald H. H.
- Fornage, Myriam
- Gharib, Sina A.
- Stranger, Barbara E.
- Aviv, Abraham
- Levy, Daniel
- Murabito, Joanne M.
- Munson, Peter J.
- Huan, Tianxiao
- Uitterlinden, André G.
- Rivadeneira, Fernando
- Broer, Linda
- Verbiest, Michael M. P. J.
- Metspalu, Andres
- Tserel, Liina
- Milani, Lili
- Samani, Nilesh J.
- Peterson, Pärt
- Kasela, Silva
- Codd, Veryan
- Peters, Annette
- Ward-Caviness, Cavin K.
- Herder, Christian
- Roden, Michael
- Singmann, Paula
- Homuth, Georg
- Grabe, Hans-Jörgen
- Völzke, Henry
- Steil, Leif
- Kocher, Thomas
- Murray, Anna
- Melzer, David
- Yaghootkar, Hanieh
- Bandinelli, Stefania
- Moses, Eric K.
- Kent, Jack W.
- Curran, Joanne E.
- Johnson, Matthew P.
- Westra, Harm-Jan
- McRae, Allan F.
- Smith, Jennifer A.
- Hovatta, Iiris
- Ripatti, Samuli
- Salomaa, Veikko
- Henders, Anjali K.
- Martin, Nicholas G.
- Smith, Alicia K.
- Mehta, Divya
- Binder, Elisabeth B.
- Nylocks, K Maria
- Kennedy, Elizabeth M.
- Klengel, Torsten
- Ding, Jingzhong
- Enquobahrie, Daniel A.
- Brody, Jennifer
- Rotter, Jerome I.
- Chen, Yii-Der I.
- Kloppenburg, Margreet
- Slagboom, P. Eline
- Raj, Towfique
- Wang, Qiao Ping
- Oyston, Lisa J.
- Psaty, Bruce M.
- Tracy, Russell P.
- Montgomery, Grant W.
- Turner, Stephen T.
- Blangero, John
- Meulenbelt, Ingrid
- Ressler, Kerry J.
- Yang, Jian
- Franke, Lude
- Kettunen, Johannes
- Visscher, Peter M.
- Neely, G. Gregory
- Korstanje, Ron
- Hanson, Robert L.
- Prokisch, Holger
- Ferrucci, Luigi
- Teumer, Alexander
- Johnson, Andrew D.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2015-10-22
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8570-8570
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4639797
- OpenAlex
- W2173367702
- Cited by
- 725
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 74 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 17.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0611-10170)
- European Commission (HEALTH-F2-2008 35627, 201865)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (050.060.810, 911-03-012, 175.010.2005.011, 917103521)
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000124)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG029451, R01AG031277)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL105756)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK063491)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- aging, chronological age, peripheral blood gene expression, CpG methylation, enhancers, insulators, epigenetic clocks, blood pressure, cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, European ancestry
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Humans, Biomarkers, DNA Methylation, Gene Expression Profiling, White People, Transcriptome
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