Social adjustment by self-report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients
Abstract
Data are presented on social functioning derived from a self-report social adjustment scale (SAS-SR) administered to 774 subjects including a community sample and three psychiatric outpatient populations: acute depressives, alcoholics, and schizophrenics. This self-report scale derives from an interview form and was developed and tested on depressed outpatients. Since its publication, it has been used in populations other than depressives including other psychiatric patients, nonpsychiatric patients, and nonpatients. The purpose of this paper is to make data available to other investigators on results of this self-report social adjustment scale in a broad range of subjects and to describe further the psychometric properties, limitations, and utility of the scale. Findings show that the scale has wide applicability in a range of subjects but that certain cautions should be followed in using it with chronically impaired psychiatric populations who may not be involved in the major roles assessed by the scale.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The SAS-SR has good convergent and discriminant validity.
“The SAS-SR is sensitive to change and has good convergent and discriminant validity.”
From A Randomized Pilot Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Social Support for Veterans with PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
The SAS-SR is sensitive to change.
“The SAS-SR is sensitive to change and has good convergent and discriminant validity.”
From A Randomized Pilot Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Social Support for Veterans with PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Assessing Psychiatric Impairment in Primary Care with the Sheehan Disability Scale
Leon, A. C., Olfson, M., Portera, L., Farber, L., & Sheehan, D. V. (1997) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/t8em-c8yh-373n-1uwd · Cited by 987 · see citing works
Quality of Life in Individuals With Anxiety Disorders
Mendlowicz, M. V., & Stein, M. B. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.669 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD)
Halbreich, U. M., Borenstein, J. E., Pearlstein, T., & Kahn, L. S. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00098-2 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
“(Weissman et al., 1978).”
MethodEfficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Postpartum Depression
O’Hara, M. W., Stuart, S. P., Gorman, L., & Wenzel, A. E. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1039 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
“However, these patients did not reach normative levels on either measure.(3,37) Women did not report much disturbance in their relationship with their new infants even before therapy, leaving relatively little room for improvement.”
BackgroundTreatments of Depression and the Functional Capacity to Work
Mintz, J. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820100005001 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
The impact of anxiety disorders on educational achievement
Van Ameringen, M., Mancini, C., & Farvolden, P. (2003) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00228-1 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
A 27-year follow-up of patients with borderline personality disorder
Paris, J., & Zweig-Frank, H. (2001) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1053/comp.2001.26271 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Searching for Meaning in Misfortune: Making Sense of Incest
Silver, R. C., Boon, C., & Stones, M. H. (1983) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1983.tb00142.x · Cited by 509 · see citing works
“…were unsuccessful in their search also had poorer levels of social functioning, as measured by the SAS-SR, than a community sample (t(34) = 7.98, p c .001) and a group of psychiatric outpatients diagnosed as schizophrenic (Weissman et al., 1978) (t(34) = 2.86, 94 Silver, Boon, and Stones p c .01).”
InfluentialInterpersonal outcome of cognitive behavioral treatment for chronically suicidal borderline patients
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.12.1771 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP): reliability and validity
Endicott, J., Nee, J., & Harrison, W. M. (2005) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-005-0103-y · Cited by 483 · see citing works
“These included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (Hamilton, 1960), the Social Adjustment Scales (SAS) (Weissman et al., 1978), and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) (Endicott et al., 1993).”
MethodInfluentialHaslam, C., Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G., & Chang, M. X.-L. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.010 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
“The Social Adjustment Scale (Weissman et al., 1978) measured social functioning in multiple domains (work, home, school, leisure, family, marital, parental), as relevant, in the past two weeks.”
Najavits, L. M., Weiss, R. D., Shaw, S. R., & Muenz, L. R. (1998) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024496427434 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
“When compared to norms (Weissman et al., 1978), these data indicate that while our patients at baseline were more impaired than a schizophrenic sample and a community sample, by posttreatment they were less impaired than those samples.”
ResultCloitre, M., Miranda, R., Stovall-McClough, K. C., & Han, H. (2005) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80060-7 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale: Additional Evidence of Reliability and Validity.
Stice, E. M., Fisher, M. E., & Martinez, E. (2004) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.16.1.60 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
“…(mean test–retest reliability r .80), convergent validity with clinician and collateral ratings (mean r .72), discriminant validity, and treatment sensitivity (Edwards, Yarvis, Mueller, Zingale, & Wagman, 1978; Weissman & Bothwell, 1976; Weissman, Prusoff, Thompson, Harding, & Myers, 1978).”
The economic burden of depression and the cost-effectiveness of treatment
Wang, P. S., Simon, G., & Kessler, R. C. (2003) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.139 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
“Other recent uncontrolled clinical studies (Weissman et al., 1978; Bergner et al., 1981; Kocsis et al., 1988; McHorney et al., 1994; Barge-Schaapveld et al., 1995; Friedman et al., 1995; Finkelstein et al., 1996; Mauskopf et al., 1996; Berndt et al., 1998) have also generally reported significant…”
BackgroundResultMcKnight, P. E., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.005 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
“The six-item Diagnostic Interview for Depression (DID) psychosocial functioning subscale (Zimmerman, Sheeran, & Young, 2004) assesses the impact of depressive symptoms on daily responsibilities, relationships with significant others, relationships with close family members, relationships with friends, participation in…”
InfluentialQuality of life: expanding the scope of clinical significance.
Gladis, M., Gosch, E. A., Dishuk, N. M., & Crits-Christoph, P. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.3.320 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Quality of life assessments in major depressive disorder: a review of the literature
Papakostas, G. I., Petersen, T., Mahal, Y., Mischoulon, D., Nierenberg, A. A., & Fava, M. (2004) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2003.07.004 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders
Abbass, A. A., Kisely, S. R., Town, J. M., Leichsenring, F., Driessen, E., de Maat, S. C. M., Gerber, A. J., Dekker, J., Rabung, S., Rusalovs'ka, S., et al. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004687.pub4 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Nonpsychiatric Medical Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Crerand, C. E., Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., & Fay, C. (2005) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.46.6.549 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Arcelus, J., Haslam, M., Farrow, C., & Meyer, C. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.10.009 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Comparison of cognitive-behavioral and supportive-expressive therapy for bulimia nervosa
Garner, D. M., Rockert, W., Davis, R., Garner, M. V., Olmsted, M. P., & Eagle, M. N. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.1.37 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: definitions and diagnosis
Freeman, E. W. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00099-4 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents and adults
Phillips, K. A., Didie, E. R., Menard, W. E., Pagano, M. E., Fay, C., & Weisberg, R. B. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.09.014 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
“functioning (Weissman et al., 1978); lower scores indicate better social functioning.”
BackgroundInfluentialCaregiver burden at 1 year following severe traumatic brain injury
Marsh, N. V., Kersel, D. A., Havill, J. H., & SLEIGH, J. W. (1998) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/026990598121954 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Psychosocial family intervention in schizophrenia: a review of empirical studies
Lam, D. H. (1991) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700020535 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
“The self-reported Social Adjustment Scale, SAS-SR (Weissman et al. 1978), showed that there was a significantly greater overall social adjustment in the family treated group with a superior adjustment in leisure activities and family relationships at 9 months.”
MethodAge at onset and clinical correlates in body dysmorphic disorder
Bjornsson, A. S., Didie, E. R., Grant, J. E., Menard, W., Stalker, E., & Phillips, K. A. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.019 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“(2) The Social Adjustment Scale– Self-Report (SAS-SR) is a reliable and valid 54-item selfreport measure of current functioning in the following domains: work, social and leisure, extended family, primary relationship, parental and family unit [64].”
MethodPsychosocial functioning and quality of life in body dysmorphic disorder
Phillips, K. A., Menard, W. E., Fay, C., & Pagano, M. E. (2005) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.10.004 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
“Social Adjustment Scale—Self-Report—The SAS-SR is a 54-item reliable, valid, and widely used self-report measure of current social functioning in 6 domains: work, social and leisure, extended family, primary relationship, parental, and family unit [16].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGender similarities and differences in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder
Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., & Fay, C. (2006) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.07.002 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
“than published community norms [28].”
MethodPrevalence, detection and correlates of PTSD in the primary care setting : a systematic review
Greene, T., Neria, Y., & Gross, R. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-016-9449-8 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Symptomatic Improvement of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder With Sertraline Treatment
Yonkers, K. A. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.278.12.983 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Exercise as an Augmentation Treatment for Nonremitted Major Depressive Disorder
Trivedi, M. H., Greer, T. L., Church, T. S., Carmody, T. J., Grannemann, B. D., Galper, D. I., Dunn, A. L., Earnest, C. P., Sunderajan, P., Henley, S. S., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06743 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
The Range of Impaired Functioning Tool (LIFE–RIFT): a brief measure of functional impairment
Leon, A. C., SOLOMON, D. A., Mueller, T. I., Turvey, C., ENDICOTT, J., & Keller, M. B. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799008570 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
“For instance, the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS), which has both clinician (Weissman & Bothwell, 1976) and self-rated (Weissman et al. 1978) versions, has over 50 items.”
BackgroundMethodHirschfeld, R. M. A., Dunner, D. L., Keitner, G., Klein, D. N., Koran, L. M., Kornstein, S. G., Markowitz, J. C., Miller, I., Nemeroff, C. B., Ninan, P. T., et al. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01291-4 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Watt, L., & Cappeliez, P. (2000) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860050008691 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“Social adjustment scores demonstrated greater dysfunction than an average communitydwelling sample, but not to the degree reported in Weissman’s initial normative study of acutely depressed individuals (Weissman et al., 1978).”
ResultRuffolo, J. S., Phillips, K. A., Menard, W. E., Fay, C., & Weisberg, R. B. (2005) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20219 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
The Assessment of Social Adjustment
Weissman, M. M. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780360066006 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationJönsson, B., & Bebbington, P. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.164.5.665 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Treatment Response, Symptom Remission, and Wellness in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Farris, S. G., McLean, C. P., Van Meter, P. E., Simpson, H. B., & Foa, E. B. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.12m07789 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Lochner, C., Mogotsi, M., du Toit, P. L., Kaminer, D., Niehaus, D. J., & Stein, D. J. (2003) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000073451 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Defining and Measuring Functional Recovery from Depression
Greer, T. L., Kurian, B. T., & Trivedi, M. H. (2010) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11530230-000000000-00000 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Kamenov, K., Twomey, C. D., Cabello, M., Prina, M. A., & Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002774 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“In terms of instruments for measuring functioning, the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS; Sheehan, 1983) and Social Adjustment Scale (SAS; Weissman et al. 1978) were the most commonly used ones, and for QoL – the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q; Endicott et al.”
MethodMechanisms of change in interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Lipsitz, J. D., & Markowitz, J. C. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.09.002 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
“Several IPT studies have examined a related construct, social adjustment, mostly using the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS; Weissman et al., 1978).”
MethodEvaluation of a Modified Self-Report Measure of Social Adjustment
Cooper, P., Osborn, M., Gath, D. H., & Feggetter, G. (1982) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.141.1.68 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Grote, N. K., Swartz, H. A., Geibel, S., Zuckoff, A., Houck, P. R., & Frank, E. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.3.313 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
“The SAS has successfully measured social functioning in community samples and among persons with schizophrenia, those who have alcoholism, and those who are depressed (44).”
InfluentialLivingston, M. G., Brooks, D. N., & Bond, M. (1985) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.9.876 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Clinical correlates of self-mutilation in borderline personality disorder
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.9.1305 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Grote, N. K., Swartz, H. A., Geibel, S. L., et al. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.3.313 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Browne, G., Steiner, M., Roberts, J., Gafni, A., Byrne, C., Dunn, E., Bell, B., Mills, M., Chalklin, L., Wallik, D., et al. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00343-3 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Depression and Work Productivity: The Comparative Costs of Treatment Versus Nontreatment
Simon, G. E., Barber, C., Birnbaum, H. G., Frank, R. G., Greenberg, P. E., Rose, R. M., Wang, P. S., & Kessler, R. C. (2001) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/00043764-200101000-00002 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
The long-term sequelae of sexual abuse: Support for a complex posttraumatic stress disorder
Zlotnick, C., Zakriski, A. L., Shea, M. T., Costello, E., Begin, A., Pearlstein, T. B., & Simpson, E. B. (1996) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1007/bf02110655 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“The SAS-SR has demonstrated reliability and validity, and has been used successfully with different clinical populations ( Weissman, Prusoff, Thompson, Harding, & Myers, 1978 ).”
MethodGlynn, S. M., Eth, S., Randolph, E. T., Foy, D. W., Urbaitis, M., Boxer, L., Paz, G. G., Leong, G. B., Firman, G., Salk, J. D., et al. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.2.243 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Offspring at High and Low Risk for Depression and Anxiety: Mechanisms of Psychiatric Disorder
Warner, V., Mufson, L. H., & Weissman, M. M. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199506000-00020 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationCoping with an Abusive Relationship: I. How and Why Do Women Stay?
Herbert, T. B., Silver, R. C., & Ellard, J. H. T. (1991) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/352901 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression
Harley, R., Sprich, S., Safren, S., Jacobo, M., & Fava, M. (2008) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e318162aa3f · Cited by 184 · see citing works
QUALITY OF LIFE IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
Koran, L. M. (2000) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70177-5 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Prospective study of postpartum depression: 4½-year follow-up of women and children.
Philipps, L. H. C., & O’Hara, M. W. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.100.2.151 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Dropouts versus completers among chronically depressed outpatients
Arnow, B. A., Blasey, C., Manber, R., Constantino, M. J., Markowitz, J. C., Klein, D. N., Thase, M. E., Kocsis, J. H., & Rush, A. J. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.06.017 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Haglund, M., Rot, M. A. H., Cooper, N. S., Nestadt, P. S., Müller, D. C., Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31819381b1 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Imipramine Treatment for Chronic Depression
Kocsis, J. H. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800270071008 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Caregiver burden at 6 months following severe traumatic brain injury
Marsh, N. V., Kersel, D. A., Havill, J. H., & SLEIGH, J. W. (1998) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/026990598122700 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Relationship of social phobia with other psychiatric illness
Ameringen, M. V., Mancini, C., Styan, G., & Donison, D. R. (1991) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(91)90055-w · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Subtyping binge eating‐disordered women along dieting and negative affect dimensions
Stice, E. M., Agras, W. S., Telch, C. F., Halmi, K. A., Mitchell, J. E., & Wilson, T. (2001) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.1050 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa and binging
Hay, P. P., Bacaltchuk, J., & Stefano, S. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000562.pub2 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Impact of traumatic brain injury on the family: A critical review.
PERLESZ, A. J., Kinsella, G., & Crowe, S. F. (1999) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/0090-5550.44.1.6 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Trousselard, M., Steiler, D., Dutheil, F., Claverie, D., Canini, F., Fenouillet, F., Naughton, G., Stewart-Brown, S., & Franck, N. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.050 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“Each area covers four expressive and instrumental categories: performance at expected tasks; the amount of friction with people; finer aspects of interpersonal relations; and feelings of satisfaction (Weissman et al., 1978; Toupin et al., 1993).”
BackgroundFamily Management in the Prevention of Morbidity of Schizophrenia: The Adjustment of the Family Unit
Falloon, I. R. H., & Pederson, J. (1985) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.147.2.156 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“Social adjustment scale: The self-report version of the social adjustment scale, (SAS-SR) (Weissman et al, 1978) was completed by family members at baseline and nine months.”
MethodWeight concerns in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder
Kittler, J. E., Menard, W. E., & Phillips, K. A. (2006) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.02.006 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Guha‐Thakurta, N., Damek, D., Pollack, C. E., & Hochberg, F. H. (1999) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1023/a:1006210703827 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“Normative data were obtained from a ‘community sample’ ( N = 399) of people [37].”
Corcoran, C. M., Kimhy, D., Parrilla-Escobar, M. A., Cressman, V. L., Stanford, A. D., Thompson, J. L., Ben‐David, S., Crumbley, A. H., Schobel, S., Moore, H. M., et al. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710000802 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“The SAS-SR (Weissman & Bothwell, 1976) has been used in both community and clinical samples, and yields results similar to those obtained by the interview format of the SAS both in individuals with depression (Weissman et al. 1978) and those with schizophrenia (McCreadie & Barron, 1984).”
MethodDepression and Academic Impairment in College Students
Heiligenstein, E. L., Guenther, G., Hsu, K., & Herman, K. (1996) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.1996.9936863 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Understanding persistence in bulimia nervosa: A 5-year naturalistic study.
Fairburn, C. G., Stice, E. M., Cooper, Z., Doll, H., Norman, P. A., & O'Connor, M. E. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.1.103 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Recurrent Depression in Adolescents: A Follow-up Study
Garber, J., KRISS, M. R., Koch, M., & Lindholm, L. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198801000-00008 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Caregiver Burden During the Year Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Marsh, N. V., Kersel, D. A., Havill, J. H., & Sleigh, J. W. (2002) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.24.4.434.1030 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Theory of mind, neurocognition, and functional status in schizotypy
Jahshan, C. S., & Sergi, M. J. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.09.004 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“Self Report (SAS–SR; Weissman et al., 1978) Social functioning This self-report scale assesses several areas of functioning with questions measuring instrumental and expressive role performance over the past 2 weeks.”
Three months after severe head injury: psychiatric and social impact on relatives.
Livingston, M. G., Brooks, D. N., & Bond, M. (1985) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.9.870 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Delusional versus nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder: Clinical features and course of illness
Phillips, K. A., Menard, W. E., Pagano, M. E., Fay, C., & Stout, R. L. (2005) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.005 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Roberts, L. J., Salem, D. A., Rappaport, J., Toro, P. A., Luke, D. A., & Seidman, E. (1999) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1022214710054 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“Table I reports the means and standard deviations for the three adjustment measures at Tl and T2. Scores on the SAS-SR at Tl indicated poorer social adjustment in this sample than in a community sample reported by Weissman et al. (1978) , but comparable to the scores reported for a sample of schizophrenic s by the sam…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialNguyễn, N. T., Fakra, É., Pradel, V., Jouve, É., Alquier, C., Guern, M. L., Micallef, J., & Blin, O. (2006) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.757 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“The level of social adjustment assessed by SAS-SR scale did not reach at one month of treatment the values previously found in a community sample (Weissman et al., 1978), but was better than on inclusion.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialShort-term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders
Abbass, A. A., Hancock, J. T., Henderson, J., & Kisely, S. R. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004687.pub3 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Social adjustment in victims of sexual assault.
Resick, P. A., Calhoun, K. S., Atkeson, B. M., & Ellis, E. M. (1981) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.49.5.705 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Goldbloom, D. S., Olmsted, M. P., Davis, R., Clewes, J. L., Heinmaa, M., Rockert, W., & Shaw, B. F. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00041-7 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Effectiveness of psychotherapy and combination treatment for chronic depression
Arnow, B. A., & Constantino, M. J. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10181 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Seeking Safety Plus Exposure Therapy: An Outcome Study on Dual Diagnosis Men
Najavits, L. M., Schmitz, M., Gotthardt, S., & Weiss, R. D. (2005) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2005.10399816 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Social adjustment in dysthymia, double depression and episodic major depression
Leader, J. B., & Klein, D. N. (1996) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(95)00076-3 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
A Comparison of Three Scales for Assessing Social Functioning in Primary Care
Weissman, M. M., Olfson, M., Gameroff, M. J., Feder, A., & Fuentes, M. A. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.460 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationAasland, O. G., Olff, M., Falkum, E., Schweder, T., & Ursin, H. (1997) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00093-2 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Body dysmorphic disorder and social phobia: cross-sectional and prospective data
Coles, M. E., Phillips, K. A., Menard, W. E., Pagano, M. E., Fay, C., Weisberg, R. B., & Stout, R. L. (2005) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20132 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“Indeed, SAS scores for BDD subjects with and without SP were markedly impaired, falling over two standard deviations above (more impaired) means for a community sample [Weissman et al., 1978].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSocial functioning in schizophrenic patients
Barrowclough, C., & Tarrier, N. (1990) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00782739 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“Falloon et al. (1984) examined a number of measures of social functioning such as: clinical reports of patient's work, study, and leisure activities; patient's self-report of work, leisure, interpersonal and family functioning on a standardised questionnaire (SAS, Weissman et al. 1978 ); and the report of a family inf…”
BackgroundMethodDodell-Feder, D., Tully, L. M., Lincoln, S. H., & Hooker, C. I. (2014) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.11.006 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“We hypothesized that neural activity for ToM would be related to our measures of social behavior, including trait perspective-taking/ empathy (IRI), social cognition (MSCEIT-ME), and social functioning (SAS, GFS).”
BackgroundInfluentialRate and prediction of relapse in bulimia nervosa
Olmsted, M. P., Kaplan, A. S., & Rockert, W. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.5.738 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Validity of Sudden Gains in Acute Phase Treatment of Depression.
Vittengl, J. R., Clark, L. A., & Jarrett, R. B. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.1.173 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Long-term outcome of cognitive behaviour therapy clinical trials in central Scotland
Durham, R., Chambers, J. A., Power, K., Sharp, D., Macdonald, R. R., Major, K., Dow, M., & Gumley, A. I. (2005) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta9420 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Efficacy of a brief group psychoeducational intervention for bulimia nervosa
Olmsted, M. P., Davis, R., Rockert, W., Irvine, M. J., Eagle, M. N., & Garner, D. M. (1991) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(09)80009-0 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Ameringen, M. V., Mancini, C., & Streiner, D. L. (1994) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(94)90118-x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Subtyping bulimic women along dietary restraint and negative affect dimensions.
Stice, E. M., & Agras, W. S. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.67.4.460 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Maintenance Therapy for Chronic Depression: A Controlled Clinical Trial of Desipramine
Kocsis, J. H. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830090013002 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The Scottish first episode schizophrenia study
McCreadie, R. G., Wiles, D., Grant, S. M., Crocket, G. T., Mahmood, Z., Livingston, M. G., Watt, J. A. G., Greene, J. G., Kershaw, P. W., Todd, N. A., et al. (1989) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03032.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“Social adjustment scores for relatives when compared with the self-assessment of a normal community sample (Weissman et al, 1978) (Table I) were higher in all roles except marital and parental functioning.”
BackgroundSubstance Use Disorders in Individuals With Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Grant, J. E., Menard, W. E., Pagano, M. E., Fay, C., & Phillips, K. A. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n0306 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Stress, self-esteem, and mental health: How does gender make a difference?
Zuckerman, D. M. (1989) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00288001 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
- Authors
- WEISSMAN, M. M., PRUSOFF, B. A., THOMPSON, W. D., HARDING, P. S., & MYERS, J. K.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- WEISSMAN, MYRNA M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
- Published
- 1978-05
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 317-326
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080018656
- Cited by
- 537
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- social adaptation, self-report scale, social functioning, psychiatric outpatients, depression, alcoholism, schizophrenia, psychometric properties, scale applicability, role impairment, community sample
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Ambulatory Care, Mental Disorders, Depression, Employment, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Schizophrenia, Sex Factors, Social Adjustment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
