The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 16 of the 67 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning in Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
In Brief Muscle power declines earlier and more precipitously with advancing age compared with muscle strength. Peak muscle power also has emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults. Our current working hypothesis is focused on examining lower extremity muscle power as a more discriminant variable for understanding the relationships between impairments, functional limitations, and resultant disability with aging. This article emphasizes that skeletal muscle power impairments are critical physiological determinants of physical functioning and mobility limitations among older adults.
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Claims the paper makes
26 No full text of the sources · 14 Sources not found · 13 Own interpretation · 8 Partly supported · 4 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Not supported · 1 Supported so far · accuracy not yet measured
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Improvements in knee and leg extensor muscle power after high velocity power training were approximately twofold greater compared to gains in muscle power as a result of strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract (page unavailable) identifies this as a cross-sectional study of 34 older women measuring ankle-flexor power, not a training comparison in 45 older adults. It reports associations with functional performance, not approximately twofold greater gains after high-velocity training than after strength training. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirectn = 45- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that Earles et al. found a 22% increase in leg-press power after 12 weeks, not the claimed 50–141%. It does describe a significant power difference between the training and walking groups, but that does not support the claimed magnitude. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power has also emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
- Supportedcites [19] source
The paper’s introductory passage says power is highly related to functional-task performance and that loss of anaerobic power can limit older adults’ activities. The Subjects and Procedures section also links low leg-extensor power with low physical function. These passages support the claim as a broad statement about prediction, though the study did not establish that changes in peak power predict changes in function. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Scores obtained on a 12 point summary scale indicate a gradient of functional decline that has been shown to be highly predictive of subsequent mobility-related disability, institutionalization, and mortality (22).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction says the SPPB assesses lower-extremity function and predicts subsequent disability, institutionalization, and mortality. The Methods use an SPPB score of ≤9 to define mobility impairment, but our copy does not specify a 12-point scale or state that its scores indicate a gradient of functional decline. (LLM, conf=0.82)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, leg power consistently explained a greater proportion of the variance (2–8%) on all measures of physical performance (stair climb and chair stand performance, gait speed and the SPPB) assessed in these mobility-limited participants.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [5] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Outcome Measures section (p. 3) describes measurements of limb power, strength, and the SPPB, but our copy does not report how much variance in physical performance each explains. Searches for the 2–8% figure and for comparisons across stair climbing, chair stands, gait speed, and the SPPB found no such analysis. (LLM, conf=0.74)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
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In the paper
“In a secondary analysis of this study, Bean et al. (6) used multivariate regression models to delineate how the changes in leg power were significantly and independently associated with the clinically meaningful differences observed in SPPB and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [6] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods and Table 2 report adjusted regression models showing significant associations of leg power with SPPB scores and habitual gait speed. But the Discussion describes the analysis as cross-sectional: it did not assess changes in leg power or establish that changes were associated with clinically meaningful differences in those outcomes. The leg-power models were also separate from the strength models, rather than adjusted for strength. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“After 16 weeks of training, they observed an 84% greater increase in leg press power in the high velocity training group compared to the low velocity group.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods describe a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, and the Conclusion reports associations between leg press velocity and balance measures; neither reports a 16-week comparison of training groups. Searches for Fielding and the claimed 84% increase found no passage in our copy addressing that result. (LLM, conf=0.75)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Two power training intervention studies have demonstrated that high velocity resistance training is associated with greater improvements in functional performance compared to conventional strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract discusses an association between muscle power and physical functioning, but not improvements following training. The Protocol describes single-session muscle testing, not an intervention. Searches for power-training interventions and comparisons with conventional strength training found no passage in our copy reporting the claimed results from two studies. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Furthermore, muscle power remained an independent predictor of functional performance in multivariate analyses after accounting for muscle strength and additional self-report measures of health status and physical functioning.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, contraction velocity of leg extensors has been shown to be a stronger predictor of performance on lower intensity functional tasks such as habitual walking speed (r2 = 0.18 vs. 0.06)(33).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 27
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“However, recent randomized trials designed to maximize muscle power output have generally demonstrated that high velocity power training is feasible, well tolerated, and can effectively improve lower extremity muscle power in healthy older men and women, older women with self-reported disability (18, 25), older adults with mobility limitations (30) and in older women aged over 80 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 2 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A recent systematic evaluation of this methodology demonstrated that peak power assessment with a multiple attempt protocol using pneumatic resistance equipment yields significantly higher performance and better reliability than protocols involving a single attempt at varying external resistances on pneumatic equipment in older adults (11).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Protocol and Instrumentation sections describe multiple leg-press attempts at two resistance levels using pneumatic equipment. But the Data Analysis section compares participant groups, not multiple-attempt with single-attempt protocols; our copy reports no reliability comparison or finding that one protocol yields higher performance. It therefore does not support the claimed systematic evaluation or its comparative result. (LLM, conf=0.88)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The SPPB has been validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies and offers additional advantages over self-report measures of functional status in terms of applicability and reproducibility.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes the SPPB as a standardized performance test and says such tests may offer advantages over self-report measures in reproducibility and applicability. It does not state that the SPPB was validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies, and it hedges the claimed advantages. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“When muscle power is assessed across a range of external resistances (40%–90% of one repetition maximum (1RM)), peak muscle power is typically yielded at approximately 70% of the 1RM while maximal contraction velocity typically occurs at the lowest external resistance (40% of 1RM)(11, 15, 18).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Evaluation of muscle power output using lower extremity pneumatic resistance training equipment has recently emerged as an accurate and valid muscle power assessment modality, particularly as this methodology can reliably capture the force and velocity components of muscle power output(18, 30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (Impairment Measures; page unavailable) describe a pneumatic leg press that calculates peak power and report that similar methods have shown high reliability. But the Discussion (Limitations; page unavailable) says velocity was derived rather than measured directly, and the paper does not establish the claimed accuracy or validity of capturing both force and velocity. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power (r = 0.47) was superior to muscle strength (r = 0.43) and aerobic capacity (r = 0.40) in determining functional status and independently predicted functional dependency even after accounting for additional neuropsychological and health status indicators.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [19] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17). These improvements in function were greater than those elicited from a self-paced walking program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Similarly, Bottaroet al.(10)also reported that 10 weeks of high velocity resistance training significantly improved several functional performance measures after modest improvements in leg muscle power in sedentary older males. An intervention of traditional resistance training had no effect of the functional parameters assessed in this study.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This multiple attempt protocol maximizes the achievement of maximal contraction velocity and subsequent maximal muscle power output and is feasible for the assessment of lower extremity muscle power in frail older populations.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This investigation also highlighted the emergence of limb contraction velocity as an important rehabilitive impairment and specific target for therapeutic intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Such factors include a quantitative loss of muscle mass and alterations in the properties of individual muscle fibers, in particular, the selective reduction in the number and size of type II muscle fibers with advancing age which have the ability to generate four times the power output of type I fibers (24). Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases in muscle fat”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Physiological Determinants of Muscle Power and Mobility Limitations with Advancing Age
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to this reduction in muscle power output among older adults include: a quantitative decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia), changes in muscle composition, muscle quality (reduced muscle strength per unit muscle mass), individual muscle fiber contractile properties and alterations in neuromuscular function(1, 24).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Among older adults with low muscle power, 16 weeks of high velocity power training elicited significant improvements in a battery of whole body functional performance tasks(27). These gains were significantly greater than those elicited after a corresponding program of traditional strength training (27).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“More recently, 12 weeks of explosive heavy resistance training,with a loading intensity of 75–80% 1RM,demonstrated substantial improvements in muscle power (28%) and marked gains in rapid muscle force generating characteristics in healthy older woman aged 80-89 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Sayers et al. (32)evaluated 16 weeks of high velocity power training in older women with self-reported disability and noted modest improvements in dynamic balanceand stair climbing performance after large improvements in muscle power. However, equivalent improvements in functional performance were observed in the group randomized to traditional resistance training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They reported that the stair climbing intervention increased leg power by 17% with a corresponding 12% increase in stair climbing power. Significant improvements in stair climb time and SPPB scores were observed, although these gains were not statistically greater compared to those observed following a walking intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Reid et al.(31) also quantified indices of muscle quality (muscle strength and power normalized to muscle CSA) and reported significant differences in specific leg extensor muscle power among the mobility-limited participants while no differences were evident for measures of specific muscle strength across the three study groups evaluated.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Among older adults with mobility-limitations, a 12-week high-velocity resistance training intervention increased lower extremity muscle power (~25%), although these gains were comparable to improvements resulting from traditional slow velocity strength training in this population (~21%)(30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They demonstrated similar improvements in muscle power with both training protocols after a 24-week intervention period. These gains were also accompanied by better performance on several functional measures, including stair climb and chair rise time, although the magnitude of these improvements were not different between intervention groups.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Clark and colleagues (14)also demonstrated reductions in the rate of neuromuscular activity and impaired acceleration during dynamic leg extensions in mobility limited elders.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“previous studies have reported a significant reduction of 14.7% in thigh muscle cross sectional area (CSA) after a 12 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 65 yrs) and a 5.6% reduction after an 9 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 71 yrs) (20).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neuromuscular activation impairments may impact movement velocity and muscle coordination leading to a reduction or a longer time to reach peak force, and thus a decline in muscle power generation.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mobility-limited elders demonstrated significant impairments in torque, power and agonist muscle activation, with the greatest deficits elicited at the fastest movement velocities (Figure 2 and 3).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Substantial improvements in SPPB score and self reported function were also induced after InVEST, although these improvements were not significantly greater than the traditional resistance training program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exercise interventions targeted at improving lower extremity muscle power have been well-tolerated, safe and effective, even among frail older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Among older adults with mobility limitations, there is a paucity of information on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.
“However, among older adults with mobility limitations, a paucity of information exists on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.
“To date, no studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.
“A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“however, muscle power shows larger declines with ageing compared with muscle strength [138].”
From Minimalist Training: Is Lower Dosage or Intensity Resistance Training Effective to Improve Physical Fitness? A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Consequently, muscle power (the product of force and velocity) is a critical component of functional performance in older individuals 23,24 that declines faster than strength over time, 25,26 with reductions of up to 6% per year in people aged . 70 years. 27”
From High-velocity power training has similar effects to traditional resistance training for functional performance in older adults: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“The ability to perform daily activities is closely linked to muscle power output and the rate of force development [[199], [200], [201]], with research showing strong correlations between these metrics and performance in functional capacity tests in healthy older adults [[199], [200], [201]].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Sarcopenia, defined as a loss of muscle strength/power with ageing due to changes in the quality and quantity of muscle tissue, becomes increasingly prevalent with advancing age; 13–24% under 70 years but >50% over 80 years.42”
From Reduced physical activity in young and older adults: Metabolic and musculoskeletal implications (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“aging muscle appears to undergo a fast-to-slow fiber-type shift [91], that is hypothesized to reduce whole muscle power and increase fall risk [92, 93].”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [93]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“only one study to date has examined high velocity training at varying external resistances. de Voset al. (16) examined changes in leg power in response to 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in healthy older adults randomized to one of three different external resistances: 20% 1 RM; 50% 1 RM; or 80% 1 RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17).”
Citations
Cites
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“To overcome this bias, standardized and objective tests of physical performance such as the Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB) have been developed(22).”
Verbrugge, L. M., & Jette, A. M. (1994) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90294-1 · Cited by 3,310 · cited 2×
“According to the disablement model, impairment refers to a loss or abnormality at the tissue, organ, and body system level (35).”
BackgroundMethodGoodpaster, B. H., Park, S. W., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nevitt, M., Schwartz, A. V., Simonsick, E. M., Tylavsky, F. A., Visser, M., Newman, A. B., et al. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059 · Cited by 3,083 · cited 1×
“(21) examined the longitudinal changes (È3 yr) in muscle mass among 1880 relatively healthy older adults in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (mean initial age, 73.”
BackgroundMeaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults.
Perera, S., Mody, S. H., Woodman, R. C., & Studenski, S. A. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00701.x · Cited by 2,513 · cited 3×
“Many of the more recent studies examining the relationship between muscle power on functional performance in older adults have used the SPPB as study eligibility criteria or as a study outcome measure (4,7,14,15,29).”
BackgroundHuman aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition.
Evans, W. J., & Lexell, J. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.11 · Cited by 1,308 · cited 3×
“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundLeg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women.
Bassey, E. J., Fiatarone, M. A., O'neill, E. F., Kelly, M., Evans, W. J., & Lipsitz, L. A. (1992) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0820321 · Cited by 943 · cited 1×
“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing, and gait speed.”
BackgroundAagaard, P., Suetta, C., Caserotti, P., Magnusson, S. P., & Kjær, M. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01084.x · Cited by 709 · cited 3×
“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundAssociation of Muscle Power With Functional Status in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Foldvari, M., Clark, M., Laviolette, L. C., Bernstein, M. A., Kaliton, D., Castaneda, C., Pu, C. T., Hausdorff, J. M., Fielding, R. A., & Singh, M. A. F. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m192 · Cited by 653 · cited 1×
“(19) further explored the relationships between muscle power, muscle strength and other physiologic factors relevant to functional independence among 80 elderly community-dwelling women with self-reported disability.”
Self-citationThe relationship between leg power and physical performance in mobility-limited older people
Md, J. F. B., Kiely, D. K., Herman, S., Leveille, S. G., Mizer, K., Frontera, W. R., & Fielding, R. A. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50111.x · Cited by 605 · cited 1×
“(5) examined the relative contribution of muscle power and strength on various measures of physical performance among community-dwelling older men and women with objective mobility-limitations.”
Self-citationBean, J. F., Leveille, S. G., Kiely, D. K., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.8.m728 · Cited by 529 · cited 1×
“(9) replicated these observations in a large cohort of 1032 older adults from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study and demonstrated that impairments in muscle power were more influential proximal determinants of mobility performance than impairments in muscle strength.”
Result
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 837
Klotho: An Emerging Factor With Ergogenic Potential
Arroyo, E., Troutman, A. D., Moorthi, R. N., Avin, K. G., Coggan, A. R., & Lim, K. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2021.807123 · Cited by 26
“Moreover, the decline in skeletal muscle power (the product of the force and velocity of muscle contraction) with advancing age occurs earlier and more rapidly than muscle strength (the ability to generate maximal muscle force) and is a stronger predictor of functional performance than muscle strength (22).”
BackgroundTøien, T. H., Malmo, T., Espedal, L., & Wang, E. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-05045-8 · Cited by 26
“Since RFD, especially in the early phase, is a crucial physiological feature for older adults, strength training for this age group should aim to target RFD (Reid and Fielding 2012).”
BackgroundImpact of Mild Hypohydration on Muscle Endurance, Power, and Strength in Healthy, Active Older Men
Goulet, E. D. B., Mélançon, M. O., Lafrenière, D., Paquin, J., Maltais, M. L., & Morais, J. A. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001857 · Cited by 22
Kienbacher, T., Habenicht, R., Starek, C., et al. (2014) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-11-106 · Cited by 23
“ICCs of the L5 recordings sites were found to be lower, but still indicated good reliability in the older group.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExercise quantity-dependent muscle hypertrophy in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Hasumura, T., & Meguro, S. (2016) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/s00360-016-0977-1 · Cited by 23
Neuromuscular function in different stages of sarcopenia
Morat, T., Gilmore, K. J., & Rice, C. L. (2016) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.014 · Cited by 24
Doerfler, D., Gurney, B., Mermier, C. M., Rauh, M. J., Black, L., & Andrews, R. (2015) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000071 · Cited by 21
Carballeira, E., Censi, K. C., Maseda, A., López‐López, R., Lorenzo‐López, L., & Millán-Calentí, J. C. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92716-9 · Cited by 21
Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases and Inflammation in Muscle Pathophysiology
So, H.-K., Kim, S., Kang, J., & Lee, S.-J. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.712389 · Cited by 23
Diagnostisches und therapeutisches Vorgehen bei Sarkopenie
Schaupp, A., Martini, S., Schmidmaier, R., & Drey, M. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-021-01968-7 · Cited by 25
Rezola‐Pardo, C., Irazusta, J., Mugica-Errazquin, I., Gamio, I., Sarquis‐Adamson, Y., Gil, S. M., Ugartemendia‐Yerobi, M., Montero‐Odasso, M., & Rodriguez‐Larrad, A. (2022) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.06.006 · Cited by 25
Santos, C. A. F., Amirato, G. R., Paixão, V., Almeida, E. B., do Amaral, J. B., Monteiro, F. R., Roseira, T., Juliano, Y., Novo, N. F., Rossi, M. N., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1206989 · Cited by 21
“Although calf circumference has been associated with skeletal muscle reserve (62, 63), our finding that the eutrophic group performed better in the vertical jump test, specifically the squat jump (SJ), reaching greater heights (in cm), in association with the lower values found in the power (W/kg) applied to perform t…”
BackgroundPeak Power Output Test on a Rowing Ergometer
Metikoš, B., Mikulić, P., Šarabon, N., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000944 · Cited by 21
“in competitive sports and daily life (18,19,24).”
BackgroundBrisson, N. M., Gatti, A. A., Stratford, P. W., & Maly, M. R. (2017) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-017-3903-3 · Cited by 21
“Muscle power may be a more critical determinant of mobility than strength [6].”
BackgroundGordon, B. S., Rossetti, M. L., & Eroshkin, A. M. (2019) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00007.2019 · Cited by 21
“Skeletal muscle regulates various processes in the body including glucose homeostasis, thermoregulation, and physical function (4, 41, 43).”
BackgroundSteiner, J. L., Johnson, B. R., Hickner, R. C., Ormsbee, M. J., Williamson, D. L., & Gordon, B. S. (2020) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13522 · Cited by 21
Cattuzzo, M. T., de Santana, F. S., Safons, M. P., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17165794 · Cited by 21
“A very recent article [52] researched the same task with minor differences, showing its importance for older adults and investigating its clinimetric properties.”
BackgroundMethodRoie, E. V., Driessche, S. V., Inglis, A. J., Thomis, M. A., & Delecluse, C. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.021 · Cited by 21
“Consequently, reduced muscle power has been proposed as an important predictor of age-related deterioration in functional capacity (Foldvari et al., 2000; Reid and Fielding, 2012).”
Sundberg, C. W., Teigen, L. E., Hunter, S. K., & Fitts, R. H. (2024) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp286938 · Cited by 21
Castillo-Mariqueo, L., Pérez‐García, M. J., & Giménez‐Llort, L. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9101365 · Cited by 23
“been adapted from Verbrugge and Jette, 1994; and Reid and Fielding, 2012) [34,35].”
MethodBurbank, C. M., Branscum, A. J., Bovbjerg, M. L., Hooker, K. A., & Smit, E. (2023) · Journal of Frailty Sarcopenia and Falls · doi:10.22540/jfsf-08-001 · Cited by 20
Mokhtarzadeh, H., & Anderson, D. (2016) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-016-0305-4 · Cited by 20
Piasecki, J., Ireland, A., Piasecki, M., Deere, K. C., Kimberley, H., Tobias, J. H., & McPhee, J. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01050 · Cited by 20
Eccentric Overload Flywheel Training in Older Adults
Kowalchuk, K., & Butcher, S. J. (2019) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk4030061 · Cited by 19
EBENBICHLER, G. R., Habenicht, R., Ziegelbecker, S., Kollmitzer, J., Mair, P., & Kienbacher, T. (2019) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-019-00134-7 · Cited by 20
Jørgensen, A. N., Jensen, K. Y., Nielsen, J. L., Frandsen, U., Hvid, L. G., Bjørnshauge, M., Diederichsen, L. P., & Aagaard, P. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14079 · Cited by 20
Perkin, O. J., McGuigan, P. M., Thompson, D., & Stokes, K. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200089 · Cited by 18
Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults
Avers, D. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-60912-8.00008-7 · Cited by 21
Ronai, P., & Gallo, P. M. (2020) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000589 · Cited by 20
Skeletal Muscle Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease
Troutman, A. D., Arroyo, E., Lim, K. J., Moorthi, R. N., & Avin, K. G. (2022) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-022-00751-w · Cited by 22
de Lima, V. C., Castaño, L. A. A., Sampaio, R. A. C., Sampaio, P. Y. S., Teixeira, C. V. L., & Uchida, M. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1159343 · Cited by 22
“The present results showed that agility ladder training with/without CT could prevent the loss of muscle power/strength despite the age-related decrease in neuromuscular performance (35, 36).”
BackgroundXu, X., & Wen, Z. (2023) · PubMed Central · Cited by 21
Which Sit-to-Stand Test Best Differentiates Functional Capacity in Older People?
Cruz‐Montecinos, C., Torres‐Castro, R., Otto‐Yáñez, M., Barros-Poblete, M., Valencia, C., Campos, A., Jadue, L., Barros, M., Solís‐Navarro, L., & Resqueti, V. (2024) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000002504 · Cited by 21
Muscle tissue changes with aging.
Pereira, A. F., Silva, A. J., Costa, A. M., Monteiro, A. M., Bastos, E., & Marques, M. C. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 20
Kinematic Mechanisms of How Power Training Improves Healthy Old Adults’ Gait Velocity
Beijersbergen, C. M. I., Granacher, U., Gäbler, M., DeVita, P., & Hortobágyi, T. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001082 · Cited by 23
“functional performance in old age (10,34) and correlates more strongly with lower intensity tasks such as walking compared with higher intensity tasks such as stair climbing (10).”
Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Rodrigues, B., Feriani, D. J., Gonçalves, I. D. O., Asano, R. Y., Aguiar, S. D. S., & Uchida, M. C. (2017) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2017/1978670 · Cited by 19
“In this sense, it is known that muscle power, compared with muscle strength, seems to decrease early and in a larger magnitude during aging [33, 34] and it seems to be the main functional limitation predictor in older adults [35].”
BackgroundBrito, A., Alves, A. N., Ribeiro, B. G., Barbosa, D. V. D. E., Magalhães, E. M. R., Fernandes, K. P. S., Bussadori, S. K., Goulardins, J. B., & Mesquita‐Ferrari, R. A. (2017) · Lasers in Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s10103-017-2392-6 · Cited by 19
Feasibility of a community-based Functional Power Training program for older adults
Tan, Q. L. L., Chye, L. M. Y., Ng, D. H. M., Chong, M. S., Ng, T. P., & Wee, S. L. (2018) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s157911 · Cited by 19
“Furthermore, muscular power deteriorates earlier and faster than muscular strength with age.(11) Hence, greater emphasis should be placed on improving muscular power in older adults.”
The Crossroads of Aging: An Intersection of Malnutrition, Frailty, and Sarcopenia
Severin, R., Berner, P. M., Miller, K. L., & Mey, J. (2019) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000218 · Cited by 19
Millor, N., Cadore, E. L., Gómez, M., Martínez, A., Lecumberri, P., Martirikorena, J., Idoate, F., & Izquierdo, M. (2020) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109766 · Cited by 18
Olmos, A. A., Stratton, M. T., Ha, P. L., Dalton, B. E., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Mangine, G. T., Feito, Y., Poisal, M. J., Jones, J., Smith, T. M., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231907 · Cited by 18
“Considering the importance of muscle power preservation in older adults [23], this lends further support for the need to investigate the effects of aging on rapid torque production, and the factors influencing its decline.”
BackgroundDaly, R. M., Gianoudis, J., Ross, B. D., O’Connell, S. L., Kruger, M. C., Schollum, L. M., & Gunn, C. A. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa126 · Cited by 22
Power Training–induced Increases in Muscle Activation during Gait in Old Adults
Beijersbergen, C. M. I., Granacher, U., Gäbler, M., DeVita, P., & Hortobágyi, T. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001345 · Cited by 19
“Power training incorporates exercises with moderately heavy weights and high movement velocities and can increase old adults_ muscle strength and power (3,5,10,31,34) as well as functional performance, including walking speed (10,20).”
BackgroundCoggan, A. R., Racette, S. B., Thies, D., Peterson, L. R., & Stratford, R. E. (2020) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-020-02959-w · Cited by 18
“Decline in skeletal muscle function, such as occurs as a consequence of natural aging (1), or due to heart failure (2–4), is a significant contributor to reduced quality and length of life (5).”
BackgroundEffects of age and sex on shoulder biomechanics and relative effort during functional tasks
Murgia, A., Hortobágyi, T., Wijnen, A., Bruin, L., Diercks, R. L., & Dekker, R. (2018) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.10.001 · Cited by 18
Burn, N., Weston, M., Atkinson, G., Graham, M., & Weston, K. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.699608 · Cited by 19
“Despite these conflicting findings, given that muscular power is an important determinant of effective physical functioning (Reid and Fielding, 2012), the effect of workplace HIIT on muscular power remains an interesting avenue for future research.”
BackgroundSchaun, G. Z., Bamman, M. M., Andrade, L. S., David, G. B., Krüger, V. L., Marins, E. F., Nunes, G. N., Häfele, M. S., Mendes, G. F., Gomes, M. L. B., et al. (2022) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00520-8 · Cited by 26
“As an example, gait speed appears to be more associated with power output at lower loads, whereas chair rise performance was more associated with power at higher loads [40, 70], Considering that power output is a key determinant of functional capacity [3], the improvements in peak power throughout the whole 1RM spectr…”
BackgroundAngelo, F. D. D. A., Fonseca, F. D. S., Farah, B. Q., et al. (2022) · Canadian Geriatrics Journal · doi:10.5770/cgj.25.591 · Cited by 18
“(28,29,30) Losses associated with decreased levels of physical activity during social isolation(3) may also have impacted other factors related to functionality.(28,31,32,33) With regard to strength specifically, from the clinical point of view, the elderly in the present study presented a lower-than-expected strength…”
BackgroundExercise for patients with chronic kidney disease: from cells to systems to function
Gollie, J. M., Ryan, A. S., Sen, S., Patel, S. S., Kokkinos, P. F., Harris‐Love, M. O., Scholten, J. D., & Blackman, M. R. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00302.2023 · Cited by 21
Abbas, S., Sampedro, G. A., Alsubai, S., Ojo, S., Almadhor, A. S., Hejaili, A. A., & Strážovská, Ľ. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3380432 · Cited by 21
“Likewise, physical function and health differ among older adults, and regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining function and independence in older age [2], [3], [4].”
BackgroundPhysical function and muscle strength in sporadic inclusion body myositis
Jørgensen, A. N., Aagaard, P., Nielsen, J. L., Christiansen, M., Hvid, L. G., Frandsen, U., & Diederichsen, L. P. (2017) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.25603 · Cited by 18
Lønbro, S., Farup, J., Bentsen, S. E. H., Voss, T. S., Rittig, N. F., Wang, J., Ørskov, M., Højris, I., & Mikkelsen, U. R. (2017) · JCSM Clinical Reports · doi:10.17987/jcsm-cr.v2i1.26 · Cited by 18
Muscle fibers and their synapses differentially adapt to aging and endurance training
Deschenes, M. R., Li, S., Adan, M. A., Oh, J. J., & Ramsey, H. C. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.010 · Cited by 18
“Muscle power, viewed here as time to peak tension, is known to be compromised by aging both sooner and more severely than is muscle strength (Reid and Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundGagliano‐Jucá, T., Li, Z., Pencina, K. M., Traustadóttir, T., Travison, T. G., Woodhouse, L. J., Basaria, S. S., Tsitouras, P. D., Harman, S. M., Bhasin, S., et al. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz167 · Cited by 22
Bandeira-Guimarães, M., Blanco-Rambo, E., Vieira, A. F., Sáez de Asteasu, M. L., Pinto, R. S., Izquierdo, M., & Cadore, E. L. (2023) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00646-9 · Cited by 17
“…in older adults is based on the following premises: first, muscle power output is more strongly associated with functional capacity than maximal strength and muscle size [17, 18]; second, muscle power output declines at a greater rate than maximal strength and muscle size during aging [19, 20].”
BackgroundBuhl, S. F., Beck, A. M., Christensen, B., & Caserotti, P. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04572-z · Cited by 17
Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: a Cross-Sectional Exploration
Huschtscha, Z., Parr, A., Porter, J. A., & Costa, R. J. S. (2021) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-021-00323-9 · Cited by 17
“The decline in muscle power with ageing has been indicated to decline more rapidly than SMM and muscular strength, and therefore muscle power may be more of a substantial indicator of physical function with ageing, especially in the active population [30].”
BackgroundNeuromuscular determinants of simulated occupational performance in career firefighters
Ryan, E. D., Laffan, M. R., Trivisonno, A. J., Gerstner, G. R., Mota, J. A., Giuliani, H. K., & Pietrosimone, B. G. (2021) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103555 · Cited by 17
Skeletal muscle radiodensity and cancer outcomes: A scoping review of the literature
Poltronieri, T. S., de Paula, N. S., & Chaves, G. V. (2021) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10794 · Cited by 20
Work ability and physical fitness among aging workers: the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study
Suorsa, K., Mattila, V.-M., Leskinen, T., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-022-00714-1 · Cited by 17
“2000; Reid and Fielding 2012).”
Development and validation of a diagnostic nomogram for sarcopenia in Chinese hemodialysis patients
Xie, D., Zhu, Q., Lü, J., Hu, C., Niu, J., Yu, C., Zhao, J., Zhang, L., Qi, H., Zhang, S., et al. (2022) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfac260 · Cited by 17
EFECTOS DEL EJERCICIO FÍSICO EN LA CONDICIÓN FÍSICA FUNCIONAL Y LA ESTABILIDAD EN ADULTOS MAYORES
Claros, J. A. V., Cruz, M. V. Q., & Beltrán, Y. H. (2012) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 17
Straight, C. R., Ward‐Ritacco, C. L., & Evans, E. M. (2015) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000447 · Cited by 17
Biomechanical Comparison of Countermovement Jumps Performed on Land and in Water: Age Effects
Louder, T. J., Dolny, D. G., & Bressel, E. (2017) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.2016-0225 · Cited by 17
Englund, D. A., Price, L. L., Grosicki, G. J., Iwai, M., Kashiwa, M., Liu, C. K., Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. A. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly199 · Cited by 17
“However, very few clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of PRT’s influence on fatigue-induced muscular dysfunction in mobility-limited older adults (11,12).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode
Deane, C. S., Ames, R. M., Phillips, B. E., Weedon, M. N., Willis, C. R. G., Boereboom, C., Abdulla, H., Bukhari, S. S. I., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., et al. (2019) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101904 · Cited by 17
Varanoske, A. N., Margolis, L. M., & Pasiakos, S. M. (2020) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaa090 · Cited by 18
“Studies suggest that, although performance on functional tasks are related to the strength of the muscle groups involved, power production may be more predictive of functional ability in older adults [74], and strength gains beyond a certain point may not further enhance physical function [75, 76].”
BackgroundEffect of High-velocity Resistance Exercise on 24-h Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Older Women
Dantas, F. F. O., Browne, R. A. V., Oliveira, R. S., Cabral, L. L. P., Farias-Junior, L. F., & Costa, E. C. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1202-1536 · Cited by 17
“This is an important recommendation given the decline in muscle power with aging [34], which is more associated with impairments in functional capacity in older adults than the decline in muscle strength [35–37].”
BackgroundMøller, A. M., Reventlow, S. D., Hansen, Å. M., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009873 · Cited by 16
Cordner, T., Egerton, T., Schubert, K., Wijesinghe, T., & Williams, G. P. (2020) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.023 · Cited by 15
Quality of life of older adults in two contrasting neighbourhoods in Accra, Ghana
Alaazi, D. A., Menon, D., Stafinski, T., Hodgins, S., & Jhangri, G. S. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113659 · Cited by 17
Kirkland, M. C., Downer, M. B., Holloway, B. J., Wallack, E. M., Lockyer, E. J., Buckle, N. C. M., Abbott, C. L., & Ploughman, M. (2016) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2016.1241750 · Cited by 16
“Although hopping ability has never been measured in MS, it is conceivable that due to underlying muscle weakness and impaired neural control, PwMS may hop more like the elderly (Allali et al., 2014; Mattay et al., 2006; Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundYin, H., Han, S., Cui, C., Wang, Y., Li, D., & Zhu, Q. (2021) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2021.145562 · Cited by 16
Hanuszkiewicz, J., Woźniewski, M., & Malicka, I. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052409 · Cited by 15
“Therefore, these parameters are considered to be informative with respect to the functional performance preventing injuries [25,26].”
BackgroundNutrient Intake and Muscle Measures in Geriatric Outpatients
Yeung, S. S. Y., Reijnierse, E. M., Deen, P. J. J. F., Trappenburg, M. C., Meskers, C. G. M., & Maier, A. B. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1800533 · Cited by 18
“Muscle power The chair-stand test (CST) was used as a proxy for muscle power (32, 33).”
MethodHigh-Speed Resistance Training in Elderly People
Marques, M. C., Izquierdo, M., & Pereira, A. (2013) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0b013e31828ba884 · Cited by 16
“Methodology plus the individual characteristics of elderly people can produce dissimilar results (39).”
InfluentialMuscle Dysfunction and Physical Recovery After Critical Illness
Mart, M. F., Gordon, J. I., González-Seguel, F., Mayer, K. P., & Brummel, N. E. (2025) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/08850666251317467 · Cited by 23
“41 In one cohort study, lower muscle power was moderately to strongly related to ongoing impairments in physical function 1 month after hospital discharge.”
Ireland, A., Mittag, U., Degens, H., Felsenberg, D., Heinonen, A. O., Koltai, E., Korhonen, M. T., McPhee, J. S., Mekjavić, I. B., Pišot, R., et al. (2021) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-021-00907-3 · Cited by 15
Nie, L., He, K., Qiu, C., Li, Q., Xiong, B., Gao, C., Zhang, X., Jing, M., Wu, W., Liu, J., et al. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116415 · Cited by 19
Flández, J., Gené‐Morales, J., Modena, N. A., Martin-Rivera, F., Colado, J. C., & Gargallo, P. (2020) · Summer Conferences of Sports Science · doi:10.14198/jhse.2020.15.proc4.30 · Cited by 18
Zhang, X., Jiao, J., Zhu, C., Guo, N., Liu, Y., Lv, D., Wang, H., Jin, J., Wen, X., Zhao, S., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.628628 · Cited by 15
Harper, S. A., & Thompson, B. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.790034 · Cited by 16
“Not only is RT an important strategy to counteract age-related health and neuromuscular degenerations, it is the primary evidence-based intervention for addressing age-related losses of function and health given that muscle mass, strength, and/or power are associated with mobility (Reid and Fielding, 2012; McGregor et…”
BackgroundStrength versus endurance trained master athletes: Contrasting neurophysiological adaptations
Tøien, T. H., Unhjem, R., Berg, O. K., Aagaard, P., & Wang, E. (2022) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.112038 · Cited by 16
“Specifically, high levels of maximal muscle strength and RFD are crucial for ensuring physical function at old age [7,40], and is linked to mortality [60].”
Bieler, T., Magnusson, S. P., Christensen, H., Kjær, M., & Beyer, N. (2016) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1198426 · Cited by 17
“Compared to muscle strength muscle power (force velocity) appears to be more closely related to slower walking speed [14] and impaired mobility during activities such as getting up from a chair, walking and climbing stairs.[15] Furthermore, symptomatic hip OA is an important risk factor for falls,[16] and it could be…”
BackgroundMulticomponent exercise with power training: A vital intervention for frail older adults
Izquierdo, M., & Cadore, E. L. (2024) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2023.100008 · Cited by 15
“Functionallossesinolderadultsincludeimpairedmusclestrengthand power, slower gait speed, balance, increased falls, and dependence [2,8].”
Motor performance and aging in males and females
Hunter, S. K. (2025) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2025.103066 · Cited by 15
Mayer, K. P., Welle, M. M., Evans, C. G., Greenhill, B. G., Montgomery-Yates, A. A., Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E., Morris, P. E., & Parry, S. M. (2020) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.018 · Cited by 14
Lee, B. C., Cho, K. H., & Moon, C.-W. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04121-8 · Cited by 17
“In addition to muscle strength, neuromuscular coordination plays a crucial role in movement velocity and can contribute to the improvement of functional movements [37].”
BackgroundLi, Z., Zhi, P., Yuan, Z., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05283-4 · Cited by 14
Age-related differences in rate of power development exceed differences in peak power
Driessche, S. V., Delecluse, C., Bautmans, I., Vanwanseele, B., & Roie, E. V. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.009 · Cited by 14
“In addition, power and velocity decline more than maximal strength during aging, leading to an age-related slowing of muscles (Reid and Fielding, 2012; Macaluso and De Vito, 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialOlsen, P. Ø., Termannsen, A., Bramming, M., Tully, M. A., & Caserotti, P. (2019) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-019-0230-5 · Cited by 17
Reliability and Validity of the Sit-to-Stand as a Muscular Power Measure in Older Adults
Sherwood, J. J., Inouye, C., Webb, S. L., & Jenny, O. (2019) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2019-0133 · Cited by 13
Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Aguiar, S. D. S., Calvani, R., Picca, A., Carvalho, D. D. A., Rodrigues, B., Zwarg-Sá, J. D. C., Bacurau, R. F. P., Cesari, M., Marzetti, E., et al. (2022) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111775 · Cited by 19
Falqueto, H., dos Santos, M. R., & Manfredi, L. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.838526 · Cited by 16
“Physical function is determined by multifactorial elements, in which the neuromuscular and metabolic systems play a role in some physical capacities, such as strength, power, agility, and balance (Reid and Fielding, 2012; Tieland et al., 2018; Valenzuela et al., 2019).”
BackgroundThe role of physical activity in mitigating age-related changes in the neuromuscular control of gait
Nuñez-Lisboa, M., & Dewolf, A. H. (2025) · npj Aging · doi:10.1038/s41514-025-00239-8 · Cited by 17
“…fitness by increasing muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary function and stimulating metabolic activity (Kraemer et al. , 2002; da Cunha et al. , 2015; Pour et al. , 2017; Chen et al. , 2021; el Hadouchi et al. , 2022; Markov et al. , 2022), decreasing risk of disability (Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundCeles, R. S., Bottaro, M., Cadore, E. L., Dullius, J., Schwartz, F. P., & Luzine, F. (2017) · European Journal of Translational Myology · doi:10.4081/ejtm.2017.6292 · Cited by 14
Biloria, B. T., da Costa, A. A. N., Souza, A. D. P., et al. (2017) · Acta Fisiátrica · doi:10.5935/0104-7795.20170005 · Cited by 13
Quinlan, J. I., Dhaliwal, A., Williams, F. R., Allen, S., Choudhary, S., Rowlands, A. V., Breen, L., Lavery, G. G., Lord, J. M., Elsharkawy, A. M., et al. (2023) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep091157 · Cited by 13
“This finding is significant as there is a greater importance of lower limb strength in day-to-day tasks associated with independent living (Pasco et al., 2020; Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundSex‐ and age‐specific normative values of lower extremity muscle power in Italian community‐dwellers
Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Marzetti, E., Picca, A., Tosato, M., Calvani, R., & Landi, F. (2023) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13301 · Cited by 13
Maranhão, D. C. M., Silva, J. D. D. A., Farah, B. Q., Beltrão, N. B., de Araújo, R. C., Cavalcante, B. R., & Pirauá, A. L. T. (2024) · Canadian Geriatrics Journal · doi:10.5770/cgj.27.705 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fielding, Roger A.
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-12
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3245773
- OpenAlex
- W2019627189
- Cited by
- 913
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 99 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 15.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ag031679-15)
- National Institute on Aging (1 P30 AG031679, P30-AG031679, R01AG018844)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD065688)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- muscle strength, aging, older adults, functional limitations, mobility limitations, disability, lower extremity, physical function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Physical Fitness, Psychomotor Performance, Muscle, Skeletal, Lower Extremity, Mobility Limitation, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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