The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 16 of the 67 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning in Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
In Brief Muscle power declines earlier and more precipitously with advancing age compared with muscle strength. Peak muscle power also has emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults. Our current working hypothesis is focused on examining lower extremity muscle power as a more discriminant variable for understanding the relationships between impairments, functional limitations, and resultant disability with aging. This article emphasizes that skeletal muscle power impairments are critical physiological determinants of physical functioning and mobility limitations among older adults.
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Claims the paper makes
26 No full text of the sources · 14 Sources not found · 13 Own interpretation · 8 Partly supported · 4 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Not supported · 1 Supported so far · accuracy not yet measured
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Improvements in knee and leg extensor muscle power after high velocity power training were approximately twofold greater compared to gains in muscle power as a result of strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract (page unavailable) identifies this as a cross-sectional study of 34 older women measuring ankle-flexor power, not a training comparison in 45 older adults. It reports associations with functional performance, not approximately twofold greater gains after high-velocity training than after strength training. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirectn = 45- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that Earles et al. found a 22% increase in leg-press power after 12 weeks, not the claimed 50–141%. It does describe a significant power difference between the training and walking groups, but that does not support the claimed magnitude. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power has also emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
- Supportedcites [19] source
The paper’s introductory passage says power is highly related to functional-task performance and that loss of anaerobic power can limit older adults’ activities. The Subjects and Procedures section also links low leg-extensor power with low physical function. These passages support the claim as a broad statement about prediction, though the study did not establish that changes in peak power predict changes in function. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Scores obtained on a 12 point summary scale indicate a gradient of functional decline that has been shown to be highly predictive of subsequent mobility-related disability, institutionalization, and mortality (22).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction says the SPPB assesses lower-extremity function and predicts subsequent disability, institutionalization, and mortality. The Methods use an SPPB score of ≤9 to define mobility impairment, but our copy does not specify a 12-point scale or state that its scores indicate a gradient of functional decline. (LLM, conf=0.82)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, leg power consistently explained a greater proportion of the variance (2–8%) on all measures of physical performance (stair climb and chair stand performance, gait speed and the SPPB) assessed in these mobility-limited participants.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [5] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Outcome Measures section (p. 3) describes measurements of limb power, strength, and the SPPB, but our copy does not report how much variance in physical performance each explains. Searches for the 2–8% figure and for comparisons across stair climbing, chair stands, gait speed, and the SPPB found no such analysis. (LLM, conf=0.74)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
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In the paper
“In a secondary analysis of this study, Bean et al. (6) used multivariate regression models to delineate how the changes in leg power were significantly and independently associated with the clinically meaningful differences observed in SPPB and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [6] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods and Table 2 report adjusted regression models showing significant associations of leg power with SPPB scores and habitual gait speed. But the Discussion describes the analysis as cross-sectional: it did not assess changes in leg power or establish that changes were associated with clinically meaningful differences in those outcomes. The leg-power models were also separate from the strength models, rather than adjusted for strength. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“After 16 weeks of training, they observed an 84% greater increase in leg press power in the high velocity training group compared to the low velocity group.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods describe a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, and the Conclusion reports associations between leg press velocity and balance measures; neither reports a 16-week comparison of training groups. Searches for Fielding and the claimed 84% increase found no passage in our copy addressing that result. (LLM, conf=0.75)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Two power training intervention studies have demonstrated that high velocity resistance training is associated with greater improvements in functional performance compared to conventional strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract discusses an association between muscle power and physical functioning, but not improvements following training. The Protocol describes single-session muscle testing, not an intervention. Searches for power-training interventions and comparisons with conventional strength training found no passage in our copy reporting the claimed results from two studies. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Furthermore, muscle power remained an independent predictor of functional performance in multivariate analyses after accounting for muscle strength and additional self-report measures of health status and physical functioning.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, contraction velocity of leg extensors has been shown to be a stronger predictor of performance on lower intensity functional tasks such as habitual walking speed (r2 = 0.18 vs. 0.06)(33).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 27
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“However, recent randomized trials designed to maximize muscle power output have generally demonstrated that high velocity power training is feasible, well tolerated, and can effectively improve lower extremity muscle power in healthy older men and women, older women with self-reported disability (18, 25), older adults with mobility limitations (30) and in older women aged over 80 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 2 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A recent systematic evaluation of this methodology demonstrated that peak power assessment with a multiple attempt protocol using pneumatic resistance equipment yields significantly higher performance and better reliability than protocols involving a single attempt at varying external resistances on pneumatic equipment in older adults (11).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Protocol and Instrumentation sections describe multiple leg-press attempts at two resistance levels using pneumatic equipment. But the Data Analysis section compares participant groups, not multiple-attempt with single-attempt protocols; our copy reports no reliability comparison or finding that one protocol yields higher performance. It therefore does not support the claimed systematic evaluation or its comparative result. (LLM, conf=0.88)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The SPPB has been validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies and offers additional advantages over self-report measures of functional status in terms of applicability and reproducibility.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes the SPPB as a standardized performance test and says such tests may offer advantages over self-report measures in reproducibility and applicability. It does not state that the SPPB was validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies, and it hedges the claimed advantages. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“When muscle power is assessed across a range of external resistances (40%–90% of one repetition maximum (1RM)), peak muscle power is typically yielded at approximately 70% of the 1RM while maximal contraction velocity typically occurs at the lowest external resistance (40% of 1RM)(11, 15, 18).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Evaluation of muscle power output using lower extremity pneumatic resistance training equipment has recently emerged as an accurate and valid muscle power assessment modality, particularly as this methodology can reliably capture the force and velocity components of muscle power output(18, 30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (Impairment Measures; page unavailable) describe a pneumatic leg press that calculates peak power and report that similar methods have shown high reliability. But the Discussion (Limitations; page unavailable) says velocity was derived rather than measured directly, and the paper does not establish the claimed accuracy or validity of capturing both force and velocity. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power (r = 0.47) was superior to muscle strength (r = 0.43) and aerobic capacity (r = 0.40) in determining functional status and independently predicted functional dependency even after accounting for additional neuropsychological and health status indicators.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [19] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17). These improvements in function were greater than those elicited from a self-paced walking program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Similarly, Bottaroet al.(10)also reported that 10 weeks of high velocity resistance training significantly improved several functional performance measures after modest improvements in leg muscle power in sedentary older males. An intervention of traditional resistance training had no effect of the functional parameters assessed in this study.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This multiple attempt protocol maximizes the achievement of maximal contraction velocity and subsequent maximal muscle power output and is feasible for the assessment of lower extremity muscle power in frail older populations.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This investigation also highlighted the emergence of limb contraction velocity as an important rehabilitive impairment and specific target for therapeutic intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Such factors include a quantitative loss of muscle mass and alterations in the properties of individual muscle fibers, in particular, the selective reduction in the number and size of type II muscle fibers with advancing age which have the ability to generate four times the power output of type I fibers (24). Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases in muscle fat”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Physiological Determinants of Muscle Power and Mobility Limitations with Advancing Age
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to this reduction in muscle power output among older adults include: a quantitative decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia), changes in muscle composition, muscle quality (reduced muscle strength per unit muscle mass), individual muscle fiber contractile properties and alterations in neuromuscular function(1, 24).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Among older adults with low muscle power, 16 weeks of high velocity power training elicited significant improvements in a battery of whole body functional performance tasks(27). These gains were significantly greater than those elicited after a corresponding program of traditional strength training (27).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“More recently, 12 weeks of explosive heavy resistance training,with a loading intensity of 75–80% 1RM,demonstrated substantial improvements in muscle power (28%) and marked gains in rapid muscle force generating characteristics in healthy older woman aged 80-89 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Sayers et al. (32)evaluated 16 weeks of high velocity power training in older women with self-reported disability and noted modest improvements in dynamic balanceand stair climbing performance after large improvements in muscle power. However, equivalent improvements in functional performance were observed in the group randomized to traditional resistance training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They reported that the stair climbing intervention increased leg power by 17% with a corresponding 12% increase in stair climbing power. Significant improvements in stair climb time and SPPB scores were observed, although these gains were not statistically greater compared to those observed following a walking intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Reid et al.(31) also quantified indices of muscle quality (muscle strength and power normalized to muscle CSA) and reported significant differences in specific leg extensor muscle power among the mobility-limited participants while no differences were evident for measures of specific muscle strength across the three study groups evaluated.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Among older adults with mobility-limitations, a 12-week high-velocity resistance training intervention increased lower extremity muscle power (~25%), although these gains were comparable to improvements resulting from traditional slow velocity strength training in this population (~21%)(30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They demonstrated similar improvements in muscle power with both training protocols after a 24-week intervention period. These gains were also accompanied by better performance on several functional measures, including stair climb and chair rise time, although the magnitude of these improvements were not different between intervention groups.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Clark and colleagues (14)also demonstrated reductions in the rate of neuromuscular activity and impaired acceleration during dynamic leg extensions in mobility limited elders.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“previous studies have reported a significant reduction of 14.7% in thigh muscle cross sectional area (CSA) after a 12 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 65 yrs) and a 5.6% reduction after an 9 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 71 yrs) (20).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neuromuscular activation impairments may impact movement velocity and muscle coordination leading to a reduction or a longer time to reach peak force, and thus a decline in muscle power generation.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mobility-limited elders demonstrated significant impairments in torque, power and agonist muscle activation, with the greatest deficits elicited at the fastest movement velocities (Figure 2 and 3).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Substantial improvements in SPPB score and self reported function were also induced after InVEST, although these improvements were not significantly greater than the traditional resistance training program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exercise interventions targeted at improving lower extremity muscle power have been well-tolerated, safe and effective, even among frail older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Among older adults with mobility limitations, there is a paucity of information on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.
“However, among older adults with mobility limitations, a paucity of information exists on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.
“To date, no studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.
“A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“however, muscle power shows larger declines with ageing compared with muscle strength [138].”
From Minimalist Training: Is Lower Dosage or Intensity Resistance Training Effective to Improve Physical Fitness? A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Consequently, muscle power (the product of force and velocity) is a critical component of functional performance in older individuals 23,24 that declines faster than strength over time, 25,26 with reductions of up to 6% per year in people aged . 70 years. 27”
From High-velocity power training has similar effects to traditional resistance training for functional performance in older adults: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“The ability to perform daily activities is closely linked to muscle power output and the rate of force development [[199], [200], [201]], with research showing strong correlations between these metrics and performance in functional capacity tests in healthy older adults [[199], [200], [201]].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Sarcopenia, defined as a loss of muscle strength/power with ageing due to changes in the quality and quantity of muscle tissue, becomes increasingly prevalent with advancing age; 13–24% under 70 years but >50% over 80 years.42”
From Reduced physical activity in young and older adults: Metabolic and musculoskeletal implications (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“aging muscle appears to undergo a fast-to-slow fiber-type shift [91], that is hypothesized to reduce whole muscle power and increase fall risk [92, 93].”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [93]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“only one study to date has examined high velocity training at varying external resistances. de Voset al. (16) examined changes in leg power in response to 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in healthy older adults randomized to one of three different external resistances: 20% 1 RM; 50% 1 RM; or 80% 1 RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17).”
Citations
Cites
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“Many of the more recent studies examining the relationship between muscle power on functional performance in older adults have used the SPPB as study eligibility criteria or as a study outcome measure (4,7,14,15,29).”
BackgroundHuman aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition.
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“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundLeg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women.
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“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing, and gait speed.”
BackgroundAagaard, P., Suetta, C., Caserotti, P., Magnusson, S. P., & Kjær, M. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01084.x · Cited by 709 · cited 3×
“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundAssociation of Muscle Power With Functional Status in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Foldvari, M., Clark, M., Laviolette, L. C., Bernstein, M. A., Kaliton, D., Castaneda, C., Pu, C. T., Hausdorff, J. M., Fielding, R. A., & Singh, M. A. F. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m192 · Cited by 653 · cited 1×
“(19) further explored the relationships between muscle power, muscle strength and other physiologic factors relevant to functional independence among 80 elderly community-dwelling women with self-reported disability.”
Self-citationThe relationship between leg power and physical performance in mobility-limited older people
Md, J. F. B., Kiely, D. K., Herman, S., Leveille, S. G., Mizer, K., Frontera, W. R., & Fielding, R. A. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50111.x · Cited by 605 · cited 1×
“(5) examined the relative contribution of muscle power and strength on various measures of physical performance among community-dwelling older men and women with objective mobility-limitations.”
Self-citationBean, J. F., Leveille, S. G., Kiely, D. K., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.8.m728 · Cited by 529 · cited 1×
“(9) replicated these observations in a large cohort of 1032 older adults from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study and demonstrated that impairments in muscle power were more influential proximal determinants of mobility performance than impairments in muscle strength.”
Result
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 837
de Asteasu, M. L. S., Martínez‐Velilla, N., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Galbete, A., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Cadore, E. L., Abizanda, P., Gómez‐Pavón, J., & Izquierdo, M. (2024) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igae053 · Cited by 13
“These are robust predictors of physical functional performance in older adults (12).”
BackgroundThe Association of Diet and Exercise With Body Composition in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease
Lee, D. Y., Lewis, J. D., Justine Shults, A., Baldassano, R. N., Long, J., Herskovitz, R. M., Zemel, B. S., & Leonard, M. B. (2018) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izy024 · Cited by 13
Inspiratory fraction as a marker of skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with COPD
Cebollero, P., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Hernández, M., Hueto, J., Rodrigo, J. A. C., & Antón, M. M. (2016) · Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia · doi:10.1016/j.rppnen.2016.07.003 · Cited by 13
de Asteasu, M. L. S., Martínez‐Velilla, N., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Herrero, Á. C., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110631 · Cited by 12
Sit-to-Stand Kinetics and Correlates of Performance in Young and Older Males
Smith, T. M., Hester, G. M., Ha, P. L., Olmos, A. A., Stratton, M. T., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Feito, Y., & Dalton, B. E. (2020) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2020.104215 · Cited by 13
Inertial Load Power Cycling Training Increases Muscle Mass and Aerobic Power in Older Adults
Allen, J. R., Satiroglu, R., Fico, B. G., Tanaka, H., Vardarli, E., Luci, J. J., & Coyle, E. F. (2021) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002588 · Cited by 13
“Power training has been demonstrated to be more effective at improving functional tasks of living than resistance training (30-32).”
BackgroundHo, K.-D., Yang, C.-L., Lo, H.-Y., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001730 · Cited by 13
“The improvement of muscle strength needs to undergo high-intensity progressive resistance training.(41) Chen et al.”
BackgroundDegens, H., Attias, J., Evans, D. T., Wilkins, F., & Hodson-Tole, E. F. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253531 · Cited by 13
Daun, F., & Kibele, A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213361 · Cited by 13
Beijersbergen, C. M. I., Hortobágyi, T., Beurskens, R., Lenzen-Großimlinghaus, R., Gäbler, M., & Granacher, U. (2016) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000444752 · Cited by 15
Impact of Moderate Aerobic Training on Physical Capacities of Hypertensive Obese Elderly
Ramos, R. M., Coelho-Júnior, H., Asano, R. Y., Prado, R., Silveira, R., Urtado, C., de Lima, L. D., Aguiar, S. D. S., Prestes, J., Medeiros, A., et al. (2019) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/2333721419859691 · Cited by 13
“…Wang, & Ross, 2000) and neuromuscular (e.g., decrease in muscle strength [MS] and muscle power [MP]; Bean et al., 2003; Lauretani et al., 2003; Reid et al., 2012; Reid & Fielding, 2012; Sallinen et al., 2010) alterations, which lead to impairment in the general functionality of older people.”
BackgroundHuman lower leg muscles grow asynchronously
Chow, B. V. Y., Morgan, C., Rae, C. D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.13967 · Cited by 12
“Other factors such as muscle fibre composition (Lievens et al., 2020 ), architecture (Thom et al., 2007 ), and neu - romuscular coordination also determine muscle power (Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundBaxter, B. A., Baross, A., Ryan, D. J., Tkadlec, S., & Kay, A. D. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59788-9 · Cited by 15
Pleguezuelos, E., Carmen, A. D., Moreno, E., Serra‐Prat, M., Serra‐Payá, N., & Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V. (2024) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13530 · Cited by 13
“37 Leg extension muscular power output increased in the TRP group compared with the CG in both lower limbs (except right leg extension at 180° per second).”
MethodPark, Y. S., Koh, K., Yang, J. S., & Shim, J. K. (2017) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.13046 · Cited by 12
Vincenzo, J. L., Gray, M., & Glenn, J. M. (2018) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igy028 · Cited by 13
“MV is a critical, independent component of power and independently related to functional performance and mobility limitations among older adults (7,13,23).”
BackgroundEnoka, R. M., & Duchateau, J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00007-4 · Cited by 15
Ahmad, E., Arsenyadis, F., Almaqhawi, A., Barker, M., Jobanputra, R., Sargeant, J. A., Webb, D. R., Yates, T. E., & Davies, M. J. (2023) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15083 · Cited by 13
Sanders, M. E., Islam, M. M., Naruse, A., Takeshima, N., & Rogers, M. E. (2016) · International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education · doi:10.25035/ijare.10.01.01 · Cited by 13
“Timed measures such as chair stand, arm curl, agility, walking speed, and standing balance have been validated as objective measures of ADL that require muscle power output (Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundDoes a Relationship Exist Between Lower Body Power and Balance Scores Among Older Adults?
Shim, A., Harr, B., & Waller, M. (2018) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/17-096 · Cited by 12
Wood, L. J., Winters‐Stone, K. M., Kneiss, J. A., Fox, A. B., & Walker, R. K. (2020) · Rehabilitation Oncology · doi:10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000193 · Cited by 12
Teodoro, J. L., Izquierdo, M., da Silva, L. X. N., Baroni, B. M., Grazioli, R., López, P., Fritsch, C. G., Radaelli, R., de Asteasu, M. L. S., Bottaro, M., et al. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111023 · Cited by 12
Einfluss der Skelettmuskulatur auf das Sturzrisiko im Alter
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Morrison, R. T., Taylor, S., Buckley, J., Twist, C., & Kite, C. (2023) · Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2023.05.018 · Cited by 11
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The aging muscle: sarcopenia, mitochondrial function, and redox biology
Buglio, A. L., Bellanti, F., & Vendemiale, G. (2024) · Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.36150/2499-6564-n695 · Cited by 14
“However, muscle power, defined as the product of the force and speed of muscle contraction, declines earlier and more markedly with aging as compared to muscle strength 51,52 .”
Holm, P. M., Kemnitz, J., Bandholm, T., Wernbom, M., Schrøder, H. M., & Skou, S. T. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003840 · Cited by 11
“The selected muscle function tests represent commonly used tests in both research and clinical practice (12,36).”
MethodResultSantagnello, S. B., Martins, F. M., Júnior, G. N. D. O., de Sousa, J. D. F. R., Nomelini, R. S., Murta, E. F. C., & Orsatti, F. L. (2021) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004020 · Cited by 11
“In older adults, it is assumed that RT-induced increase in WS is mediated by improvements in muscle strength and power (6,24,26,43).”
BackgroundInfluentialFactors influencing gait speed in community-dwelling older women: A Bayesian approach
Souza-Júnior, E. L. S., Oliveira, A. A., Schettino, L., Mascarenhas, C. H. M., de Araújo, C. M., Fernandes, M. H., & Pereira, R. (2021) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.12.022 · Cited by 11
Muollo, V., Tatangelo, T., Ghiotto, L., Cavedon, V., Milanese, C., Zamboni, M. M., Schena, F. F., & Rossi, A. P. (2022) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2022.06.018 · Cited by 11
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Coelho-Júnior, H. J., Álvarez‐Bustos, A., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., Gonçalves, I. D. O., Calvani, R., Picca, A., Uchida, M. C., Aguiar, S. D. S., & Marzetti, E. (2024) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2024.50 · Cited by 11
Quadriceps Rate of Torque Development and Disability in Persons With Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis
Luc‐Harkey, B. A., Blackburn, J. T., Ryan, E. D., Harkey, M. S., Davis-Wilson, H. C., Gaynor, B. R., Nissman, D., Spang, J. T., & Pietrosimone, B. (2018) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7898 · Cited by 13
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“Interestingly, the evaluation of transfer capacity is strongly associated with muscle power [35, 36], and improvements in this physical capacity are stimulus-dependent (i.”
BackgroundLima, D. P., de Almeida, S. B., Bonfadini, J. D. C., Sobreira, E. S. T., Damasceno, P. G., Júnior, A. B. V., de Alencar, M. S., de Luna, J. R. G., Rodrigues, P. G. B., Pereira, I. D. S., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039941 · Cited by 10
Measuring muscle quality: associations between echo intensity and normalized strength and power
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“Leg muscle strength (LMS) and leg muscle power (LMP) are major determinants of aspects of functional status in older people, such as mobility, activities of daily living and fall risk [1–8].”
BackgroundRubio‐Arias, J. Á., Marín‐Cascales, E., Ramos‐Campo, D. J., Martínez‐Rodríguez, A., Chung, L. H., & Alcaráz, P. E. (2016) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000747 · Cited by 10
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Chair rise capacity and associated factors in older home-care clients
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Lower-Extremity Torque Capacity and Physical Function in Mobility-Limited Older Adults
Grosicki, G. J., Englund, D. A., Price, L. L., Iwai, M., Kashiwa, M., Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. A. (2019) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-019-1232-8 · Cited by 10
“This magnitude of association is similar to the relationship between physical performance and skeletal muscle power (r2=0.12-0.35) (9 ), a critical determinant of physical function in older adults (35).”
InfluentialSelf-citationOf sound mind and body: Exploring the diet-strength interaction in healthy aging
Askow, A. T., McKenna, C. F., Box, A. G., Khan, N. A., Petruzzello, S. J., De Lisio, M., Phillips, S. M., & Burd, N. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.00145 · Cited by 10
Effects of age on vertical jump performance and muscle morphology characteristics in females
Farrow, A. C., Gonzales, J. U., Agu-Udemba, C. C., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10724-2 · Cited by 10
Beyond the current knowledge on sarcopenia: new insight on neuromuscular factors
Venturelli, M., Reggiani, C., & Schena, F. F. (2022) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-022-02082-3 · Cited by 10
“This leads to a lower number of larger motor units, implicating dramatic consequences in the force production [14].”
BackgroundPsychology and Pathophysiological Outcomes of Eating
Takada, A., & Himmerich, H. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.92917 · Cited by 10
Gao, Y., Huang, H., Ni, C., Feng, Y., Yu, J., Huang, Y., Luo, L., Jiang, Y., & Wang, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.903036 · Cited by 11
Current Evidence for the Impact of Physical Fitness on Health Outcomes in Youth
Sacheck, J. M., & Hall, M. (2014) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827614537780 · Cited by 10
“Muscle endurance has been associated with overall quality of life and negatively associated with falling and the associated injuries,(71) while the loss of muscle power has been associated with decreases in functional ability and decreased mobility and premature mortality.(71,73)”
BackgroundPhysical Activity and the Science of Successful Aging
Archer, E., Paluch, A. E., Shook, R. P., & Blair, S. N. (2013) · Kinesiology Review · doi:10.1123/krj.2.1.29 · Cited by 11
“Muscular strength, muscular power and coordination are important components that are as essential to successful aging as CRF (Reid & Fielding, 2012; Reid, Naumova, Carabello, Phillips, & Fielding, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialAsymmetry in leg extension power impacts physical function in community-dwelling older women
Straight, C. R., Brady, A. O., & Evans, E. M. (2015) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000543 · Cited by 11
“An accumulating body of evidence supports the notion that muscle power is a critical determinant of physical function in older adults.(6,7,26-29) In contrast, the literature regarding asymmetry in leg muscle power and physical function in older adults has been inconsistent.”
BackgroundThe Effect of Age on Technique Variability and Outcome Variability during a Leg Press
Wilson, C., Perkin, O. J., McGuigan, P. M., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163764 · Cited by 10
Predicting Functional Capacity From Measures of Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women
Orsatti, F. L., Nunes, P. R. P., Souza, A. D. P., Martins, F. M., de Oliveira, A. A., Nomelini, R. S., Michelin, M. A., & Murta, E. F. C. (2016) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.10.001 · Cited by 10
“001 is thought to contribute to poorer physical function in older adults [2-5].”
BackgroundInfluentialUrinary titin as a biomarker of sarcopenia in diabetes: a propensity score matching analysis
Takiguchi, Y., Tsutsumi, R., Shimabukuro, M., Tanabe, H., Kawakami, A., Hyodo, M., Shiroma, K., Saito, H., Matsuo, M., & Sakaue, H. (2024) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-024-02490-4 · Cited by 10
Jaque, C., Véliz, P., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Moran, J., Gentil, P., & Cancino, J. (2020) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2020-0129 · Cited by 9
Postural control in response to unilateral and bilateral external perturbations in older adults
Arsenault, D. A., Ivanova, T. D., & Garland, S. J. (2022) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.02.024 · Cited by 10
Mahato, N. K., Davis, A., Simon, J. E., & Clark, B. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2024.1302574 · Cited by 12
Establishing a Kinetic Assessment of Reactive Strength
Louder, T. J. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/986b-eb53 · Cited by 9
Carneiro, M. A. S., Júnior, G. N. D. O., de Sousa, J. F. R., Santagnello, S. B., Souza, M. V. C., & Orsatti, F. L. (2019) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-019-00599-1 · Cited by 9
de Castro, D. L. S., Nascimento, D. D. C., Orsano, V. S. M., Neto, I. V. D. S., Beal, F. L. R., Stone, W. J., Rosa, T. D. S., & Prestes, J. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111026 · Cited by 10
Aragão-Santos, J. C., de Resende–Neto, A. G., & Silva‐Grigoletto, M. E. D. (2020) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10995-2 · Cited by 9
Wagner, J., Knaier, R., Königstein, K., Klenk, C., Carrard, J., Lichtenstein, E., Scharnagl, H., März, W., Hanssen, H., Hinrichs, T., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.596240 · Cited by 11
“The fact that HD Fitness could detect HF patients with an estimate of AUC = 0.84 is a notable result and supports recent findings describing the importance of physical fitness assessment in clinical practice in general but specifically in patients with HF (Ross et al., 2016).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialReliability of Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance in Healthy, Older Women
Katsoulis, K., Mathur, S., & Amara, C. E. (2021) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2021/8817231 · Cited by 10
Bahat, G., Bozkurt, M. E., Özkök, S., Kılıç, C., & Karan, M. A. (2023) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-023-02498-5 · Cited by 9
“It is also considered a proxy of muscle power, which is regarded as a better predictor of functionality than muscle strength [33].”
BackgroundDegens, H. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00019-0 · Cited by 13
Postexercise Hypotension After Muscle Power Training Session in Older Adults With Hypertension
Filho, J. M., Machado, C. L. F., Tanaka, H., & Ferrari, R. (2020) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2019-0050 · Cited by 9
Gaemelke, T., Laustsen, C., Feys, P., Folkestad, L., Andersen, M., Jørgensen, N. R., Jørgensen, M.-L., Jespersen, S. N., Ringgaard, S., Eskildsen, S. F., et al. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101279 · Cited by 8
“…fast concentric contractions [21] and since muscle power, more so than muscle force, is a strong predictor of physical function in older adults [50,51]; nevertheless, power training has only been sparsely investigated in pwMS so far [52], and still not in older pwMS where it may have the most…”
BackgroundBajdek, N., Latham, N. K., Dishaw, M., Farrell, S., Shang, Y., Pencina, K. M., Valderrábano, R. J., McAlevey, M. E., Dixon, R., Williams, A., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2024.35 · Cited by 8
Self-citationSit-to-Stand Power Is a Stronger Predictor of Gait Speed than Knee Extension Strength
Steinbrink, G. M., Martinez, J., Swartz, A. M., & Strath, S. J. (2024) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk9020103 · Cited by 9
“Indeed, muscle power is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality, physical function, and mobility outcomes in aging adults [20–23].”
BackgroundZhang, Y., MORITA, M., Hirano, T., Doi, K., Han, X., Matsunaga, K., & Jiang, Z. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24144489 · Cited by 9
“Therefore, muscle function is regarded as a key indicator for exploring the aging process and evaluating individual health [5,6].”
BackgroundCountermovement Jump Peak Power Changes with Age in Masters Weightlifters
Riemann, B. L., Johnson, M., Helms, M. K., Hatchett, A. G., Vondrasek, J. D., Watts, C. Q., & Huebner, M. (2024) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports12090259 · Cited by 8
“Hence, decrements in muscle power must be identified early so that corrective interventions can be initiated [6,9,10].”
BackgroundFrykholm, E., Hedlund, M., Becker, C., Holmberg, H., Johansson, B. H., Klenk, J., Lindelöf, N., Lindemann, U., Simonsson, E., Boraxbekk, C., et al. (2024) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afae226 · Cited by 8
“The improvements may reflect better physical capability due to enhanced muscle function [14, 40].”
BackgroundPellegrino, R., Paganelli, R., Iorio, A. D., Candeloro, M., Volpato, S., Bandinelli, S., Moretti, A., Iolascon, G., Tanaka, T., & Ferrucci, L. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01536-6 · Cited by 8
“More recently, muscle power, defined as the “product of the force of contraction and velocity of movement” [4] during an exercise or in the routinely every day activities, was demonstrated to be superior to strength in determining functional status, and in the prediction of functional dependency…”
MDS 3.0: A Giant Step Forward, but What About Items on Resident-to-Resident Aggression?
Caspi, E. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.002 · Cited by 8
Gonzalez, P., Cofré, R. M., & Cabello, M. E. (2016) · Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia · doi:10.1590/1809-98232016019.150136 · Cited by 8
Beta-lapachone attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice
Park, S., Shin, M., Kim, J., & Park, S. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110711 · Cited by 8
Bailey, C. A., Weiss, M., & Côté, J. N. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235314 · Cited by 8
“Our finding of lower maximal grip strength in old compared to young adults is in line with previous literature [12,24,25], with this measure being extensively used as a proxy for general physical functioning as well as of impairment [12].”
ResultThe Effect of Glycation Stress on Skeletal Muscle
Egawa, T., Kido, K., Yokokawa, T., Fujibayashi, M., Goto, K., & Hayashi, T. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.97769 · Cited by 8
Aragão-Santos, J. C., Pantoja-Cardoso, A., Dos-Santos, A. C., Behm, D. G., de Moura, T. R., & Silva‐Grigoletto, M. E. D. (2023) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2023.105005 · Cited by 8
Schoene, D., Groß, M., von Stengel, S., Kohl, M., Kladny, B., Gosch, M., Sieber, C. C., Peters, S., Kiesswetter, E., Becker, C., et al. (2023) · Osteologie/Osteology · doi:10.1055/a-2110-7105 · Cited by 9
“Der Schnellkraft kommt für die körperliche Funktionalität eine wichtigere Rolle zu als der Maximalkraft [105, 106].”
BackgroundWhole-Body Vibration Training and Its Application to Age-Related Performance Decrements
Hawkey, A., Griffiths, K., Babraj, J., & Cobley, J. N. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001111 · Cited by 9
“In particular, muscle power declines earlier (;40 years) and more precipitously (;10% per decade) than many of the aforementioned parameters (29,32).”
BackgroundResultNeto, M. G., da Silva, T. L. T. B., & Carvalho, V. O. (2017) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2017.03.008 · Cited by 8
Heavy and Explosive Training Differentially Affect Modeled Cyclic Muscle Power
Tanghe, K. K., & Martin, J. C. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002237 · Cited by 8
“Muscular power is a key limiting factor for sprint performance in a number of sports (1–6) and is highly predictive of functional performance during aging (7) and fall prevention (8).”
BackgroundFrykholm, E., Géphine, S., Saey, D., Lemson, A., Klijn, P., de Vaate, E. B., Maltais, F., van Hees, H. V., & Nyberg, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90758-7 · Cited by 8
Dunlap, K. R., Laskin, G. R., Waddell, D. S., Black, A. J., Steiner, J. L., Vied, C., & Gordon, B. S. (2022) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2022.111652 · Cited by 7
Inter‐Session Reliability of Functional Performance and Muscle Power in Adults With Severe Obesity
Gam, S., Petz, A., Bjerre, L. R., et al. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70008 · Cited by 7
“Lower limb muscle power is another important metric, as it is a strong predictor of functional limitations and loss of independence in older adults [36, 37], and can be assessed using the STS [24] and SCPT [22, 23].”
Meulemans, L., Deboutte, J., Seghers, J., Delecluse, C., & Roie, E. V. (2025) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-02965-1 · Cited by 9
“An important determinant of lower-extremity physical function in older age, is the capacity to produce high muscle strength and power levels [13].”
Robot-assisted exercise improves gait and physical function in older adults: a usability study
Lee, S., Kim, E., Kim, J., Lee, H.-J., & Kim, Y. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-05811-1 · Cited by 10
“Measures of lower-extremity strength (force-generating capacity) may be strongly related to other variables, such as balance and physical performance [68].”
Lo, O., Kahya, M., & Manor, B. D. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.11631 · Cited by 7
Storoschuk, K. L., Gharios, R., Potter, G. D., Galpin, A. J., House, B. T., & Wood, T. R. (2023) · Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1002/lim2.90 · Cited by 7
A 10‐Year Longitudinal Study of Muscle Morphology and Performance in Masters Sprinters
Hendrickse, P. W., Hutz, B., Korhonen, M. T., & Degens, H. (2025) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13822 · Cited by 8
“Such a situation may occur when there is a reduced neuromuscular activation and/ or a slowed rate of activation, as seen in healthy older people [6, 39], and a lower motor unit firing rate as seen in physically active older men [40, S1] have an increased number of quality- of-life years compared to…”
Correa, C. S., Wilhelm, E. N., Cadore, E. L., Geremia, J. M., Teixeira, B. C., Reischak-Oliveira, Á., & Pinto, R. S. (2013) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2013.04.005 · Cited by 7
Tailoring Assessments and Prescription in Cardiac Rehabilitation for Older Adults
Singh, M. A. F. (2019) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2019.07.013 · Cited by 8
A High-Fat Diet Aggravates the Age-Related Decline in Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function
Degens, H., Swaminathan, A., & Tallis, J. A. (2021) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000261 · Cited by 7
“The significance of a reduced muscle quality is reflected by the observation that it is not so much loss of muscle mass, but rather the age-related loss of power that is linked with reduced balance, mobility, and all-cause mortality (13).”
BackgroundNutritional Influences on Locomotive Syndrome
Ito, S., Nakashima, H., Ando, K., Machino, M., Seki, T., Ishizuka, S., Takegami, Y., Wakai, K., Hasegawa, Y., & Imagama, S. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11030610 · Cited by 8
“Decreased muscle strength has been reported to be an indicator of impaired mobility [14], and decreased muscle mass has been reported to be a consequence of malnutrition [15].”
BackgroundLabor Participation of Retirement-Aged Workers
Yuan, B., Li, J., & Lan, J. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002444 · Cited by 7
“IADLs are the activities that allow an individual to live independently in daily life, such as making phone call, using a map, taking public transport, or managing finances, etc.(25) The difficulty in IADLs generally increases with age, and makes older adults face a lot of obstacles in the work.”
BackgroundAgile Ageing: Implementation Considerations for a Walking Basketball Program
Talpey, S., Pascoe, D., & Wallen, M. P. (2022) · Activities Adaptation & Aging · doi:10.1080/01924788.2022.2092361 · Cited by 7
“Within an older adult population an individual’s ability to express muscle power has been shown to be a better predictor of an individual’s ability to safely and effectively perform activities of daily living (Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundRuiz‐Alias, S. A., García‐Pinillos, F., Jaén‐Carrillo, D., & Pérez‐Castilla, A. (2022) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2103615 · Cited by 8
“The implications that improving neuromuscular performance has on health are related to the delay of developing a disability (Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundKasović, M., Štefan, L., & Kalčik, Z. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14163436 · Cited by 8
“The process of aging predominantly leads to physiological decline, often accompanied by reductions in lean mass [2,3], power [4], and strength [5].”
BackgroundFernández-Puente, E., Martín-Prieto, E., Márquez, C. M., & Palomero, J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24098082 · Cited by 7
“Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body and exerts different functions such as locomotion, equilibrium, heat generation, and metabolism, which involve a continuous demand for and consumption of energy [1,2].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fielding, Roger A.
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-12
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3245773
- OpenAlex
- W2019627189
- Cited by
- 913
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 99 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 15.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ag031679-15)
- National Institute on Aging (1 P30 AG031679, P30-AG031679, R01AG018844)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD065688)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- muscle strength, aging, older adults, functional limitations, mobility limitations, disability, lower extremity, physical function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Physical Fitness, Psychomotor Performance, Muscle, Skeletal, Lower Extremity, Mobility Limitation, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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