The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 16 of the 67 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning in Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
In Brief Muscle power declines earlier and more precipitously with advancing age compared with muscle strength. Peak muscle power also has emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults. Our current working hypothesis is focused on examining lower extremity muscle power as a more discriminant variable for understanding the relationships between impairments, functional limitations, and resultant disability with aging. This article emphasizes that skeletal muscle power impairments are critical physiological determinants of physical functioning and mobility limitations among older adults.
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Claims the paper makes
26 No full text of the sources · 14 Sources not found · 13 Own interpretation · 8 Partly supported · 4 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Not supported · 1 Supported so far · accuracy not yet measured
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Improvements in knee and leg extensor muscle power after high velocity power training were approximately twofold greater compared to gains in muscle power as a result of strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract (page unavailable) identifies this as a cross-sectional study of 34 older women measuring ankle-flexor power, not a training comparison in 45 older adults. It reports associations with functional performance, not approximately twofold greater gains after high-velocity training than after strength training. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirectn = 45- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that Earles et al. found a 22% increase in leg-press power after 12 weeks, not the claimed 50–141%. It does describe a significant power difference between the training and walking groups, but that does not support the claimed magnitude. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power has also emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
- Supportedcites [19] source
The paper’s introductory passage says power is highly related to functional-task performance and that loss of anaerobic power can limit older adults’ activities. The Subjects and Procedures section also links low leg-extensor power with low physical function. These passages support the claim as a broad statement about prediction, though the study did not establish that changes in peak power predict changes in function. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Scores obtained on a 12 point summary scale indicate a gradient of functional decline that has been shown to be highly predictive of subsequent mobility-related disability, institutionalization, and mortality (22).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction says the SPPB assesses lower-extremity function and predicts subsequent disability, institutionalization, and mortality. The Methods use an SPPB score of ≤9 to define mobility impairment, but our copy does not specify a 12-point scale or state that its scores indicate a gradient of functional decline. (LLM, conf=0.82)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, leg power consistently explained a greater proportion of the variance (2–8%) on all measures of physical performance (stair climb and chair stand performance, gait speed and the SPPB) assessed in these mobility-limited participants.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [5] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Outcome Measures section (p. 3) describes measurements of limb power, strength, and the SPPB, but our copy does not report how much variance in physical performance each explains. Searches for the 2–8% figure and for comparisons across stair climbing, chair stands, gait speed, and the SPPB found no such analysis. (LLM, conf=0.74)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
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In the paper
“In a secondary analysis of this study, Bean et al. (6) used multivariate regression models to delineate how the changes in leg power were significantly and independently associated with the clinically meaningful differences observed in SPPB and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [6] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods and Table 2 report adjusted regression models showing significant associations of leg power with SPPB scores and habitual gait speed. But the Discussion describes the analysis as cross-sectional: it did not assess changes in leg power or establish that changes were associated with clinically meaningful differences in those outcomes. The leg-power models were also separate from the strength models, rather than adjusted for strength. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“After 16 weeks of training, they observed an 84% greater increase in leg press power in the high velocity training group compared to the low velocity group.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods describe a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, and the Conclusion reports associations between leg press velocity and balance measures; neither reports a 16-week comparison of training groups. Searches for Fielding and the claimed 84% increase found no passage in our copy addressing that result. (LLM, conf=0.75)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Two power training intervention studies have demonstrated that high velocity resistance training is associated with greater improvements in functional performance compared to conventional strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract discusses an association between muscle power and physical functioning, but not improvements following training. The Protocol describes single-session muscle testing, not an intervention. Searches for power-training interventions and comparisons with conventional strength training found no passage in our copy reporting the claimed results from two studies. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Furthermore, muscle power remained an independent predictor of functional performance in multivariate analyses after accounting for muscle strength and additional self-report measures of health status and physical functioning.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, contraction velocity of leg extensors has been shown to be a stronger predictor of performance on lower intensity functional tasks such as habitual walking speed (r2 = 0.18 vs. 0.06)(33).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 27
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“However, recent randomized trials designed to maximize muscle power output have generally demonstrated that high velocity power training is feasible, well tolerated, and can effectively improve lower extremity muscle power in healthy older men and women, older women with self-reported disability (18, 25), older adults with mobility limitations (30) and in older women aged over 80 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 2 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A recent systematic evaluation of this methodology demonstrated that peak power assessment with a multiple attempt protocol using pneumatic resistance equipment yields significantly higher performance and better reliability than protocols involving a single attempt at varying external resistances on pneumatic equipment in older adults (11).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Protocol and Instrumentation sections describe multiple leg-press attempts at two resistance levels using pneumatic equipment. But the Data Analysis section compares participant groups, not multiple-attempt with single-attempt protocols; our copy reports no reliability comparison or finding that one protocol yields higher performance. It therefore does not support the claimed systematic evaluation or its comparative result. (LLM, conf=0.88)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The SPPB has been validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies and offers additional advantages over self-report measures of functional status in terms of applicability and reproducibility.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes the SPPB as a standardized performance test and says such tests may offer advantages over self-report measures in reproducibility and applicability. It does not state that the SPPB was validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies, and it hedges the claimed advantages. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“When muscle power is assessed across a range of external resistances (40%–90% of one repetition maximum (1RM)), peak muscle power is typically yielded at approximately 70% of the 1RM while maximal contraction velocity typically occurs at the lowest external resistance (40% of 1RM)(11, 15, 18).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Evaluation of muscle power output using lower extremity pneumatic resistance training equipment has recently emerged as an accurate and valid muscle power assessment modality, particularly as this methodology can reliably capture the force and velocity components of muscle power output(18, 30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (Impairment Measures; page unavailable) describe a pneumatic leg press that calculates peak power and report that similar methods have shown high reliability. But the Discussion (Limitations; page unavailable) says velocity was derived rather than measured directly, and the paper does not establish the claimed accuracy or validity of capturing both force and velocity. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power (r = 0.47) was superior to muscle strength (r = 0.43) and aerobic capacity (r = 0.40) in determining functional status and independently predicted functional dependency even after accounting for additional neuropsychological and health status indicators.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [19] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17). These improvements in function were greater than those elicited from a self-paced walking program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Similarly, Bottaroet al.(10)also reported that 10 weeks of high velocity resistance training significantly improved several functional performance measures after modest improvements in leg muscle power in sedentary older males. An intervention of traditional resistance training had no effect of the functional parameters assessed in this study.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This multiple attempt protocol maximizes the achievement of maximal contraction velocity and subsequent maximal muscle power output and is feasible for the assessment of lower extremity muscle power in frail older populations.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This investigation also highlighted the emergence of limb contraction velocity as an important rehabilitive impairment and specific target for therapeutic intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Such factors include a quantitative loss of muscle mass and alterations in the properties of individual muscle fibers, in particular, the selective reduction in the number and size of type II muscle fibers with advancing age which have the ability to generate four times the power output of type I fibers (24). Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases in muscle fat”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Physiological Determinants of Muscle Power and Mobility Limitations with Advancing Age
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to this reduction in muscle power output among older adults include: a quantitative decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia), changes in muscle composition, muscle quality (reduced muscle strength per unit muscle mass), individual muscle fiber contractile properties and alterations in neuromuscular function(1, 24).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Among older adults with low muscle power, 16 weeks of high velocity power training elicited significant improvements in a battery of whole body functional performance tasks(27). These gains were significantly greater than those elicited after a corresponding program of traditional strength training (27).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“More recently, 12 weeks of explosive heavy resistance training,with a loading intensity of 75–80% 1RM,demonstrated substantial improvements in muscle power (28%) and marked gains in rapid muscle force generating characteristics in healthy older woman aged 80-89 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Sayers et al. (32)evaluated 16 weeks of high velocity power training in older women with self-reported disability and noted modest improvements in dynamic balanceand stair climbing performance after large improvements in muscle power. However, equivalent improvements in functional performance were observed in the group randomized to traditional resistance training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They reported that the stair climbing intervention increased leg power by 17% with a corresponding 12% increase in stair climbing power. Significant improvements in stair climb time and SPPB scores were observed, although these gains were not statistically greater compared to those observed following a walking intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Reid et al.(31) also quantified indices of muscle quality (muscle strength and power normalized to muscle CSA) and reported significant differences in specific leg extensor muscle power among the mobility-limited participants while no differences were evident for measures of specific muscle strength across the three study groups evaluated.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Among older adults with mobility-limitations, a 12-week high-velocity resistance training intervention increased lower extremity muscle power (~25%), although these gains were comparable to improvements resulting from traditional slow velocity strength training in this population (~21%)(30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They demonstrated similar improvements in muscle power with both training protocols after a 24-week intervention period. These gains were also accompanied by better performance on several functional measures, including stair climb and chair rise time, although the magnitude of these improvements were not different between intervention groups.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Clark and colleagues (14)also demonstrated reductions in the rate of neuromuscular activity and impaired acceleration during dynamic leg extensions in mobility limited elders.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“previous studies have reported a significant reduction of 14.7% in thigh muscle cross sectional area (CSA) after a 12 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 65 yrs) and a 5.6% reduction after an 9 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 71 yrs) (20).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neuromuscular activation impairments may impact movement velocity and muscle coordination leading to a reduction or a longer time to reach peak force, and thus a decline in muscle power generation.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mobility-limited elders demonstrated significant impairments in torque, power and agonist muscle activation, with the greatest deficits elicited at the fastest movement velocities (Figure 2 and 3).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Substantial improvements in SPPB score and self reported function were also induced after InVEST, although these improvements were not significantly greater than the traditional resistance training program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exercise interventions targeted at improving lower extremity muscle power have been well-tolerated, safe and effective, even among frail older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Among older adults with mobility limitations, there is a paucity of information on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.
“However, among older adults with mobility limitations, a paucity of information exists on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.
“To date, no studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.
“A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“however, muscle power shows larger declines with ageing compared with muscle strength [138].”
From Minimalist Training: Is Lower Dosage or Intensity Resistance Training Effective to Improve Physical Fitness? A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Consequently, muscle power (the product of force and velocity) is a critical component of functional performance in older individuals 23,24 that declines faster than strength over time, 25,26 with reductions of up to 6% per year in people aged . 70 years. 27”
From High-velocity power training has similar effects to traditional resistance training for functional performance in older adults: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“The ability to perform daily activities is closely linked to muscle power output and the rate of force development [[199], [200], [201]], with research showing strong correlations between these metrics and performance in functional capacity tests in healthy older adults [[199], [200], [201]].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Sarcopenia, defined as a loss of muscle strength/power with ageing due to changes in the quality and quantity of muscle tissue, becomes increasingly prevalent with advancing age; 13–24% under 70 years but >50% over 80 years.42”
From Reduced physical activity in young and older adults: Metabolic and musculoskeletal implications (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“aging muscle appears to undergo a fast-to-slow fiber-type shift [91], that is hypothesized to reduce whole muscle power and increase fall risk [92, 93].”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [93]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“only one study to date has examined high velocity training at varying external resistances. de Voset al. (16) examined changes in leg power in response to 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in healthy older adults randomized to one of three different external resistances: 20% 1 RM; 50% 1 RM; or 80% 1 RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17).”
Citations
Cites
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“To overcome this bias, standardized and objective tests of physical performance such as the Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB) have been developed(22).”
Verbrugge, L. M., & Jette, A. M. (1994) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90294-1 · Cited by 3,310 · cited 2×
“According to the disablement model, impairment refers to a loss or abnormality at the tissue, organ, and body system level (35).”
BackgroundMethodGoodpaster, B. H., Park, S. W., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nevitt, M., Schwartz, A. V., Simonsick, E. M., Tylavsky, F. A., Visser, M., Newman, A. B., et al. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059 · Cited by 3,083 · cited 1×
“(21) examined the longitudinal changes (È3 yr) in muscle mass among 1880 relatively healthy older adults in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (mean initial age, 73.”
BackgroundMeaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults.
Perera, S., Mody, S. H., Woodman, R. C., & Studenski, S. A. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00701.x · Cited by 2,513 · cited 3×
“Many of the more recent studies examining the relationship between muscle power on functional performance in older adults have used the SPPB as study eligibility criteria or as a study outcome measure (4,7,14,15,29).”
BackgroundHuman aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition.
Evans, W. J., & Lexell, J. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.11 · Cited by 1,308 · cited 3×
“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundLeg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women.
Bassey, E. J., Fiatarone, M. A., O'neill, E. F., Kelly, M., Evans, W. J., & Lipsitz, L. A. (1992) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0820321 · Cited by 943 · cited 1×
“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing, and gait speed.”
BackgroundAagaard, P., Suetta, C., Caserotti, P., Magnusson, S. P., & Kjær, M. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01084.x · Cited by 709 · cited 3×
“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundAssociation of Muscle Power With Functional Status in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Foldvari, M., Clark, M., Laviolette, L. C., Bernstein, M. A., Kaliton, D., Castaneda, C., Pu, C. T., Hausdorff, J. M., Fielding, R. A., & Singh, M. A. F. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m192 · Cited by 653 · cited 1×
“(19) further explored the relationships between muscle power, muscle strength and other physiologic factors relevant to functional independence among 80 elderly community-dwelling women with self-reported disability.”
Self-citationThe relationship between leg power and physical performance in mobility-limited older people
Md, J. F. B., Kiely, D. K., Herman, S., Leveille, S. G., Mizer, K., Frontera, W. R., & Fielding, R. A. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50111.x · Cited by 605 · cited 1×
“(5) examined the relative contribution of muscle power and strength on various measures of physical performance among community-dwelling older men and women with objective mobility-limitations.”
Self-citationBean, J. F., Leveille, S. G., Kiely, D. K., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.8.m728 · Cited by 529 · cited 1×
“(9) replicated these observations in a large cohort of 1032 older adults from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study and demonstrated that impairments in muscle power were more influential proximal determinants of mobility performance than impairments in muscle strength.”
Result
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 837
Chang, Y., Tai, H.-L., Yang, C.-L., & Su, C.-H. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16030381 · Cited by 2
“Age-related declines in muscle power are associated with fewer type II motor units recruited and a lower peak rate of force development, changes that are significantly associated with functional impairments in older individuals [53].”
Blanco‐Rambo, E., Rubin, N., Bandeira‐Guimarães, M., Löbell, R., de Azevedo, A. B. C., Fergutz, A., Dornelles, G., Vieira, A., de Asteasu, M. L. S., Izquierdo, M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2025-0112 · Cited by 2
Mickel, C., Ohlendorf, D., Bundschuh, M., et al. (2016) · Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie · doi:10.1007/s40664-015-0086-0 · Cited by 2
The High Precision of Functional and Neuromuscular Measures to Classify Sarcopenia in Older Women
Miller, R. M., Freitas, E. D. S., Heishman, A. D., Stone, B. L., & Bemben, M. G. (2019) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000219 · Cited by 2
Hurworth, M., Evans, J. M., Gibbons, R., et al. (2021) · Arthroplasty Today · doi:10.1016/j.artd.2021.05.007 · Cited by 2
“In contrast, muscle power, the product of dynamic muscle force and contraction velocity, may better re fl ect functional task performance such as stair climbing and rising from a chair [9].”
Physical Therapist Management of a Person With Frailty Across the Continuum
Cabrera, J. S. (2023) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000391 · Cited by 2
“Power decreases 2 to 3 times more rapidly than strength.(63) Gait speed, a measure of power, is influenced by changes in the central nervous, cardiopulmonary, and musculoskeletal systems and is linked to mortality.”
BackgroundMomb, B. A., Szabo, G. K., Mogus, J. P., Chipkin, S. R., Vandenberg, L. N., & Miller, M. S. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqad132 · Cited by 2
Luna, J. S., Monteiro, G. T. R., & Koifman, R. J. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional · doi:10.1590/2317-6369/25321pt2023v48e11 · Cited by 3
Sarcopenia, but not malnutrition, is associated with fear of falling in older patients with dementia
Okudur, S. K. (2024) · Northern Clinics of Istanbul · doi:10.14744/nci.2023.07717 · Cited by 2
“Since patients with FoF are afraid of falling, they may avoid further mobilization, and live a more sedentary life, leading to the development of sarcopenia [34].”
BackgroundHirata, K., Ito, M., Nomura, Y., Kawashima, C., Yoshida, T., Yamada, Y., Tillin, N. A., Power, G. A., & Akagi, R. (2024) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2024.112430 · Cited by 4
“This was inconsistent with our hypothesis and previous studies (Reid and Fielding, 2012b; Orssatto et al., 2019) but similar to others who reported no clear differences in muscle power improvement between high-and slow-speed resistance training (Henwood et al., 2008; Drey et al., 2012).”
Influence of stimulation frequency on early and late phase rate of torque and velocity development
Paris, M. T., Zero, A. M., & Rice, C. L. (2024) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2024 · Cited by 2
Cadore, E. L., Izquierdo, M., Martínez‐Velilla, N., Blanco‐Rambo, E., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., & de Asteasu, M. L. S. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glae240 · Cited by 2
Determination of factors affecting exercise capacity in community‐dwelling elderly people
Durdu, H., Şahin, Ü. K., Demircioğlu, A., & Kulaklı, F. (2024) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.14197 · Cited by 2
Roie, E. V., van Uffelen, J. G. Z., & Delecluse, C. (2024) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000005005 · Cited by 2
“This research gap needs to be addressed, especially considering the substantial age-related decline in muscle power (i.e., 2 2.0 to 2 2.3% per year in individuals older than 60 years (2)) and its crucial role in everyday activities of older adults (36).”
InfluentialCoelho‐Júnior, H. J., Álvarez‐Bustos, A., Picca, A., Calvani, R., Rodriguez-Mañas, L., Landi, F., & Marzetti, E. (2024) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100423 · Cited by 4
“However, muscle power, the capacity to generate muscle strength rapidly [7], declines earlier and to a greater extent than muscle strength [8].”
Travaglini, S., Bonvicini, M., Bandinelli, S., Ferrucci, L., Incalzi, R. A., & Pedone, C. (2025) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaf003 · Cited by 3
Lee, S. J., Park, K.-M., Kim, K.-T., et al. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2025.3545845 · Cited by 2
“Multiple factors contribute to the high prevalence of such lower extremity musculoskeletal abnormalities, including decreased muscle strength, muscle power, neuromuscular con-trol, and proprioception [8], [9], [10], [11], which can also be associated with sarcopenia [12], [13], [14].”
Weighted cart pull: A novel outcome measure for sustained motor function in mice
Brennan, C. D., Kerr, N. R., Viteri, J. A., Williard, Z., Snyder, H., Meier, G., Cairns, S., Darvishi, F. B., Dashtmian, A. R., Moore, P. J., et al. (2025) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep092658 · Cited by 2
Polo-Ferrero, L., Tocino, M. L. S., Dávila-Marcos, A., Carrera-Villegas, M. B., Sánchez-Sánchez, M. C., & Sánchez, R. M. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15121475 · Cited by 2
“Specifically, higher levels of power and speed were consistently associated with better performance on the 5STS and 30CS, supporting their utility in assessing physical functionality in this population [22].”
Fry, M. J., Zoughaib, W. S., Hoffman, R. L., & Coggan, A. R. (2025) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2025.103024 · Cited by 2
Thompson, L. V. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88361-3_15 · Cited by 2
Dietary nitrate and muscle contractile function in women: effect of menstrual cycle phase
Fry, M. J., Zoughaib, W. S., Hoffman, R. L., & Coggan, A. R. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00676.2025 · Cited by 3
Understanding Walking Behavior: Its Benefits and Barriers
Fadli, F. (2017) · Journal of Educational Health and Community Psychology · doi:10.12928/jehcp.v5i3.6163 · Cited by 2
Sarcopenia in the Context of Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit (SMFD)
Correa‐de‐Araujo, R. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.68979 · Cited by 2
Maximal muscle power after stroke: a systematic review
Knight, R. L., Saunders, D. H., & Mead, G. E. (2014) · Clinical Practice · doi:10.2217/cpr.13.97 · Cited by 2
Souza, A. D. P., Martins, F. M., Carneiro, M. A. S., Nunes, P. R. P., de Oliveira, E. P., & Orsatti, F. L. (2016) · Acta Fisiátrica · doi:10.5935/0104-7795.20160040 · Cited by 2
Appraising the Validity of Tools to Measure Multijoint Leg Power: A Systematic Review
Trivedi, P., Gilbert, R. W., & Dechman, G. (2020) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2020.100099 · Cited by 2
“Muscle strength is the force developed during voluntary contraction against a resistance,(1) whereas power is the product of that force and the velocity of muscle contraction.(2) Literature has shown that muscle mass declines by as much as 40% between the second and seventh decades of life.”
BackgroundSouza, A. D. P., Martins, F. M., Carneiro, M. A. S., Nunes, P. R. P., de Oliveira, E. P., & Orsatti, F. L. (2016) · Acta Fisiátrica · doi:10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v23i4a137691 · Cited by 2
Rayner, D. G., Charles, P., Maduagwu, S. M., Odega, A., & Kalu, M. E. (2024) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2024.2324351 · Cited by 2
“Overlooking the significance of muscle power is concerning, as low power is associated with higher mobility limitations than low strength (Bean et al., 2003; Reid and Fielding, 2012).”
Kjeldsen, T., Dalgas, U., Skou, S. T., Foldager, F. N., Bibby, B. M., & Mechlenburg, I. (2024) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · doi:10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100523 · Cited by 2
“This is in line with previous cross-sectional studies showing that muscle power is a stronger determinant of physical function than muscle strength in hip OA and in the general population of older adults [8,9].”
BackgroundResultManagement of Sarcopenia to Improve Quality of Life in Geriatric Populations
Yu (2016) · Clinical Medicine Insights Geriatrics · doi:10.4137/cmger.s12302 · Cited by 3
Coggan, A. R., Hoffman, R. L., Gray, D. A., Moorthi, R. N., Thomas, D. P., Leibowitz, J. L., Thies, D., & Peterson, L. R. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/564849 · Cited by 2
“, the product of speed and force, with aging have been reported to be a more powerful predictor of functional decline than decreases in force (strength) alone (3).”
BackgroundBaltasar‐Fernandez, I., Alcázar, J., Mañas, A., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-115982/v1 · Cited by 2
Age-Related Physiological Changes: An Overview
Sames, C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-60912-8.00003-8 · Cited by 1
Feasibility and early effects of bed‐cycling eccentric training: Potential clinical applications
Pavlin, L., Fernandez, F., Lowgreen, R., Ohresser, I., Cristol, J., Turc-Baron, C., Bernardi, H., & Candau, R. B. (2022) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12805 · Cited by 1
Mioto, A. M., Wolf, R., Stein, A. M., dos Santos, G. D. O. R., Ugrinowitsch, C., & Pereira, G. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105489 · Cited by 1
Font‐Lladó, R., López‐Ros, V., Sinclair, G., Vasileva, F., Jòdar-Portas, A., Homs, J., & Prats‐Puig, A. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15031665 · Cited by 1
Takahashi, R., Yokota, J., Matsukawa, Y., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0317679 · Cited by 1
Silva, J. D. D. A., Maranhão, D. C. M., & Pirauá, A. L. T. (2024) · Fisioterapia e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/1809-2950/e23007224en · Cited by 1
Steinbrink, G. M., Danielson, T., Martinez, J., Patnode, J. M., Swartz, A. M., & Strath, S. J. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13080905 · Cited by 1
“Muscle power is an important indicator of physical function (PF), mobility, and mortality in aging adults [1,2].”
What determines gait speed in community-living older adults? A relative weight analysis
Yang, F. (2025) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-025-01208-w · Cited by 1
“Physiologically, decreased muscle strength and power [6, 7], balance deficits [8], sensation loss [9], and compromised ankle joint flexibility [10] have also been related to gait speed decline [11].”
Strey, B. M., Borin, J. S., Frata, B., Cechetti, F., & Pinto, R. S. (2025) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106594 · Cited by 1
Fleury, K. L., Troup, L., Mangan, A., Kinsella, R., Duque, G., Knowles, B., Davey, C. E., Haines, K. J., & Said, C. M. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06161-8 · Cited by 2
Yu, Z., & Ueda, T. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17183011 · Cited by 2
“Additionally, anaerobic power has been found to be a better predictor of physical function and independence in older adults than muscle strength, underscoring its importance in healthy aging [8].”
Baltasar‐Fernandez, I., Alcázar, J., Gómez‐Cabello, A., Moradell, A., Chamizo, R. P., Alegre, L. M., Villa, G., Gusi, N., González‐Gross, M., Casajús, J. A., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-025-05947-3 · Cited by 1
Chen, L., Lu, X., & Zhu, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1645850 · Cited by 1
Reid, K. F., & Bhasin, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2025.1640030 · Cited by 4
Self-citationOptimizing Women’s Health Over the Lifespan: Why Body Composition, Bone Health and Fitness Matter
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“The age-related decline in power, termed powerpenia, often occurs earlier and has a greater impact on mobility, balance, and fall risk than loss of strength alone (36).”
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“Evidence shows that muscle power declines earlier and more steeply with age than strength or SMM and has stronger associations with mobility limitations and fall risk [13–15].”
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Power Training for Older Women: Strategies to Improve Function, Confidence, and Fall Resistance
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“Lower-limb muscle power in older adults can be assessed directly using laboratory-based methods such as vertical jump tests on force platforms, pneumatic resistance devices, unloaded leg extensor power rigs, linear position transducers, and isokinetic dynamometry [29, 30].”
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Reframing sarcopenia as a disease of the ageing motor system
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“Above all, muscle power is closely related to mobility in older adults [1].”
BackgroundPlyometric Landings on Land and in Waist-Deep Water: Comparison Between Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Searle, C. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/4045-31f1 · Cited by 1
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“Muscle power declines earlier and more precipitously with advancing age compared to muscle strength (Reid and Fielding 2012).”
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Jiménez-Zazo, F., Hernández‐Martínez, A., Romero, C., Cabanillas, E., Pérez‐Gómez, J., Ara, I., Casajús, J. A., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Gesteiro, E., González‐Gross, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858312 · Cited by 2
“It has been reported that the process of aging dramatically impacts functional abilities, such as sit-to-stand, gait, and stair climbing abilities (Reid and Fielding, 2012; Müller et al., 2021), mainly related to muscle power declines observed during the aging process (Izquierdo et al.”
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“Wichtige körperliche Funktionen hängen von der Schnellkraft (Kraft/Zeit) ab [28], die durch den vermehrten Ab-und Umbau der Typ-II-Fasern doppelt so schnell abnimmt wie die Maximalkraftleistungen.”
BackgroundCurrent aspects of high-intensity interval training for older adults: a narrative review
Ito, S. (2022) · The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine · doi:10.7600/jpfsm.11.263 · Cited by 1
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“10,11 However, previous studies 8,9 are limited by 1) being based on non-weight-bearing tasks (e.g., leg press), re fl ecting ‘ true absolute ’ muscle power instead of a weight-bearing task (e.g., chair rise), re fl ecting ‘ everyday functional ’ muscle power, 6 and 2) presentation of absolute peak…”
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“Additionally, with motor coordination ability and muscle strength decline (Reid & Fielding, 2012; Taveira & Choi, 2009), it is difficult for the elderly to write complex Chinese characters.”
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“…reduced performance of functional activities (e.g., stair climbing, rising from a chair, and mobility) (Bean et al., 2008; Foldvari et al., 2000; Reid & Fielding, 2012; Wrucke et al., 2024) and can be further exacerbated by increased fatigability of limb muscles, which is independently…”
It's Not Always All About the Nuts and Bolts of Exercise Testing and Prescription!
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Lower Extremity Muscle Power Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
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“Aging and Muscle Fatigue Fatigue Resistance in Older Adults It is well documented that adults lose a considerable amount of muscle mass (78, 81, 96, 117) and strength (45, 78, 110, 173) in old age.”
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“Muscular power is stronger related to functional performance in older adults than muscle strength (Foldvari et al., 2000; Reid & Fielding, 2012) and can be substantially increased with resistance training.”
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Ducharme, S. W. (2021) · Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/10668508.0 · Cited by 1
Exercise Interventions to Prevent and Improve Sarcopenia
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Impacts of Diabetic Neuropathy on the Human Neuromuscular System
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Critical illness myopathy : understanding different effects on muscle fibre function
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Strength Training in the Elderly People
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“Reid i Fielding [41] akcentują ważną rolę mocy w utrzymywaniu sprawności funkcjonalnej starszych osób podkreślając, że wraz z wiekiem moc mięśni spada wcześniej i bardziej gwałtownie niż siła mięśniowa.”
InfluentialKehalise aktiivsuse preventiivne mõju sarkopeeniaga kaasnevatele muutustele
Grünberg, E. (2013) · DSpace repository (University of Tartu)
RESPUESTAS CARDIOVASCULARES AL ENTRENAMIENTO DE FUERZA BAJO OCLUSIÓN VASCULAR
Hernández, S. B., & Chulvi‐Medrano, I. (2013) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)
Peripheral Nerve Decline Impacts Lower Extremity Muscle Function in Older Adults
Ward, R. E. (2013) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Toth, M. J., Jennings, E., Ades, P. A., Maughan, D. W., Palmer, B. M., Miller, M. S., Bedrin, N. G., Callahan, D. M., Previs, M. J., Subramanian, M., et al. (2015)
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Stay strong, live long: an individualised home-based exercise programme for older women
Ruocco, V. G. (2013) · University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire)
Metadata
- Authors
- Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fielding, Roger A.
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-12
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3245773
- OpenAlex
- W2019627189
- Cited by
- 913
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 99 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 15.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ag031679-15)
- National Institute on Aging (1 P30 AG031679, P30-AG031679, R01AG018844)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD065688)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- muscle strength, aging, older adults, functional limitations, mobility limitations, disability, lower extremity, physical function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Physical Fitness, Psychomotor Performance, Muscle, Skeletal, Lower Extremity, Mobility Limitation, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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