The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 16 of the 67 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning in Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
In Brief Muscle power declines earlier and more precipitously with advancing age compared with muscle strength. Peak muscle power also has emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults. Our current working hypothesis is focused on examining lower extremity muscle power as a more discriminant variable for understanding the relationships between impairments, functional limitations, and resultant disability with aging. This article emphasizes that skeletal muscle power impairments are critical physiological determinants of physical functioning and mobility limitations among older adults.
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Claims the paper makes
26 No full text of the sources · 14 Sources not found · 13 Own interpretation · 8 Partly supported · 4 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Not supported · 1 Supported so far · accuracy not yet measured
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Improvements in knee and leg extensor muscle power after high velocity power training were approximately twofold greater compared to gains in muscle power as a result of strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract (page unavailable) identifies this as a cross-sectional study of 34 older women measuring ankle-flexor power, not a training comparison in 45 older adults. It reports associations with functional performance, not approximately twofold greater gains after high-velocity training than after strength training. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirectn = 45- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that Earles et al. found a 22% increase in leg-press power after 12 weeks, not the claimed 50–141%. It does describe a significant power difference between the training and walking groups, but that does not support the claimed magnitude. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power has also emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
- Supportedcites [19] source
The paper’s introductory passage says power is highly related to functional-task performance and that loss of anaerobic power can limit older adults’ activities. The Subjects and Procedures section also links low leg-extensor power with low physical function. These passages support the claim as a broad statement about prediction, though the study did not establish that changes in peak power predict changes in function. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Scores obtained on a 12 point summary scale indicate a gradient of functional decline that has been shown to be highly predictive of subsequent mobility-related disability, institutionalization, and mortality (22).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction says the SPPB assesses lower-extremity function and predicts subsequent disability, institutionalization, and mortality. The Methods use an SPPB score of ≤9 to define mobility impairment, but our copy does not specify a 12-point scale or state that its scores indicate a gradient of functional decline. (LLM, conf=0.82)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, leg power consistently explained a greater proportion of the variance (2–8%) on all measures of physical performance (stair climb and chair stand performance, gait speed and the SPPB) assessed in these mobility-limited participants.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [5] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Outcome Measures section (p. 3) describes measurements of limb power, strength, and the SPPB, but our copy does not report how much variance in physical performance each explains. Searches for the 2–8% figure and for comparisons across stair climbing, chair stands, gait speed, and the SPPB found no such analysis. (LLM, conf=0.74)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
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In the paper
“In a secondary analysis of this study, Bean et al. (6) used multivariate regression models to delineate how the changes in leg power were significantly and independently associated with the clinically meaningful differences observed in SPPB and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [6] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods and Table 2 report adjusted regression models showing significant associations of leg power with SPPB scores and habitual gait speed. But the Discussion describes the analysis as cross-sectional: it did not assess changes in leg power or establish that changes were associated with clinically meaningful differences in those outcomes. The leg-power models were also separate from the strength models, rather than adjusted for strength. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“After 16 weeks of training, they observed an 84% greater increase in leg press power in the high velocity training group compared to the low velocity group.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods describe a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, and the Conclusion reports associations between leg press velocity and balance measures; neither reports a 16-week comparison of training groups. Searches for Fielding and the claimed 84% increase found no passage in our copy addressing that result. (LLM, conf=0.75)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Two power training intervention studies have demonstrated that high velocity resistance training is associated with greater improvements in functional performance compared to conventional strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract discusses an association between muscle power and physical functioning, but not improvements following training. The Protocol describes single-session muscle testing, not an intervention. Searches for power-training interventions and comparisons with conventional strength training found no passage in our copy reporting the claimed results from two studies. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Furthermore, muscle power remained an independent predictor of functional performance in multivariate analyses after accounting for muscle strength and additional self-report measures of health status and physical functioning.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, contraction velocity of leg extensors has been shown to be a stronger predictor of performance on lower intensity functional tasks such as habitual walking speed (r2 = 0.18 vs. 0.06)(33).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 27
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“However, recent randomized trials designed to maximize muscle power output have generally demonstrated that high velocity power training is feasible, well tolerated, and can effectively improve lower extremity muscle power in healthy older men and women, older women with self-reported disability (18, 25), older adults with mobility limitations (30) and in older women aged over 80 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 2 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A recent systematic evaluation of this methodology demonstrated that peak power assessment with a multiple attempt protocol using pneumatic resistance equipment yields significantly higher performance and better reliability than protocols involving a single attempt at varying external resistances on pneumatic equipment in older adults (11).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Protocol and Instrumentation sections describe multiple leg-press attempts at two resistance levels using pneumatic equipment. But the Data Analysis section compares participant groups, not multiple-attempt with single-attempt protocols; our copy reports no reliability comparison or finding that one protocol yields higher performance. It therefore does not support the claimed systematic evaluation or its comparative result. (LLM, conf=0.88)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The SPPB has been validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies and offers additional advantages over self-report measures of functional status in terms of applicability and reproducibility.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes the SPPB as a standardized performance test and says such tests may offer advantages over self-report measures in reproducibility and applicability. It does not state that the SPPB was validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies, and it hedges the claimed advantages. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“When muscle power is assessed across a range of external resistances (40%–90% of one repetition maximum (1RM)), peak muscle power is typically yielded at approximately 70% of the 1RM while maximal contraction velocity typically occurs at the lowest external resistance (40% of 1RM)(11, 15, 18).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Evaluation of muscle power output using lower extremity pneumatic resistance training equipment has recently emerged as an accurate and valid muscle power assessment modality, particularly as this methodology can reliably capture the force and velocity components of muscle power output(18, 30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (Impairment Measures; page unavailable) describe a pneumatic leg press that calculates peak power and report that similar methods have shown high reliability. But the Discussion (Limitations; page unavailable) says velocity was derived rather than measured directly, and the paper does not establish the claimed accuracy or validity of capturing both force and velocity. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power (r = 0.47) was superior to muscle strength (r = 0.43) and aerobic capacity (r = 0.40) in determining functional status and independently predicted functional dependency even after accounting for additional neuropsychological and health status indicators.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [19] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17). These improvements in function were greater than those elicited from a self-paced walking program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Similarly, Bottaroet al.(10)also reported that 10 weeks of high velocity resistance training significantly improved several functional performance measures after modest improvements in leg muscle power in sedentary older males. An intervention of traditional resistance training had no effect of the functional parameters assessed in this study.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This multiple attempt protocol maximizes the achievement of maximal contraction velocity and subsequent maximal muscle power output and is feasible for the assessment of lower extremity muscle power in frail older populations.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This investigation also highlighted the emergence of limb contraction velocity as an important rehabilitive impairment and specific target for therapeutic intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Such factors include a quantitative loss of muscle mass and alterations in the properties of individual muscle fibers, in particular, the selective reduction in the number and size of type II muscle fibers with advancing age which have the ability to generate four times the power output of type I fibers (24). Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases in muscle fat”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Physiological Determinants of Muscle Power and Mobility Limitations with Advancing Age
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to this reduction in muscle power output among older adults include: a quantitative decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia), changes in muscle composition, muscle quality (reduced muscle strength per unit muscle mass), individual muscle fiber contractile properties and alterations in neuromuscular function(1, 24).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Among older adults with low muscle power, 16 weeks of high velocity power training elicited significant improvements in a battery of whole body functional performance tasks(27). These gains were significantly greater than those elicited after a corresponding program of traditional strength training (27).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“More recently, 12 weeks of explosive heavy resistance training,with a loading intensity of 75–80% 1RM,demonstrated substantial improvements in muscle power (28%) and marked gains in rapid muscle force generating characteristics in healthy older woman aged 80-89 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Sayers et al. (32)evaluated 16 weeks of high velocity power training in older women with self-reported disability and noted modest improvements in dynamic balanceand stair climbing performance after large improvements in muscle power. However, equivalent improvements in functional performance were observed in the group randomized to traditional resistance training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They reported that the stair climbing intervention increased leg power by 17% with a corresponding 12% increase in stair climbing power. Significant improvements in stair climb time and SPPB scores were observed, although these gains were not statistically greater compared to those observed following a walking intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Reid et al.(31) also quantified indices of muscle quality (muscle strength and power normalized to muscle CSA) and reported significant differences in specific leg extensor muscle power among the mobility-limited participants while no differences were evident for measures of specific muscle strength across the three study groups evaluated.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Among older adults with mobility-limitations, a 12-week high-velocity resistance training intervention increased lower extremity muscle power (~25%), although these gains were comparable to improvements resulting from traditional slow velocity strength training in this population (~21%)(30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They demonstrated similar improvements in muscle power with both training protocols after a 24-week intervention period. These gains were also accompanied by better performance on several functional measures, including stair climb and chair rise time, although the magnitude of these improvements were not different between intervention groups.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Clark and colleagues (14)also demonstrated reductions in the rate of neuromuscular activity and impaired acceleration during dynamic leg extensions in mobility limited elders.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“previous studies have reported a significant reduction of 14.7% in thigh muscle cross sectional area (CSA) after a 12 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 65 yrs) and a 5.6% reduction after an 9 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 71 yrs) (20).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neuromuscular activation impairments may impact movement velocity and muscle coordination leading to a reduction or a longer time to reach peak force, and thus a decline in muscle power generation.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mobility-limited elders demonstrated significant impairments in torque, power and agonist muscle activation, with the greatest deficits elicited at the fastest movement velocities (Figure 2 and 3).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
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plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Substantial improvements in SPPB score and self reported function were also induced after InVEST, although these improvements were not significantly greater than the traditional resistance training program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
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- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exercise interventions targeted at improving lower extremity muscle power have been well-tolerated, safe and effective, even among frail older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Among older adults with mobility limitations, there is a paucity of information on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.
“However, among older adults with mobility limitations, a paucity of information exists on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.
“To date, no studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.
“A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“however, muscle power shows larger declines with ageing compared with muscle strength [138].”
From Minimalist Training: Is Lower Dosage or Intensity Resistance Training Effective to Improve Physical Fitness? A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Consequently, muscle power (the product of force and velocity) is a critical component of functional performance in older individuals 23,24 that declines faster than strength over time, 25,26 with reductions of up to 6% per year in people aged . 70 years. 27”
From High-velocity power training has similar effects to traditional resistance training for functional performance in older adults: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“The ability to perform daily activities is closely linked to muscle power output and the rate of force development [[199], [200], [201]], with research showing strong correlations between these metrics and performance in functional capacity tests in healthy older adults [[199], [200], [201]].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Sarcopenia, defined as a loss of muscle strength/power with ageing due to changes in the quality and quantity of muscle tissue, becomes increasingly prevalent with advancing age; 13–24% under 70 years but >50% over 80 years.42”
From Reduced physical activity in young and older adults: Metabolic and musculoskeletal implications (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“aging muscle appears to undergo a fast-to-slow fiber-type shift [91], that is hypothesized to reduce whole muscle power and increase fall risk [92, 93].”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [93]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“only one study to date has examined high velocity training at varying external resistances. de Voset al. (16) examined changes in leg power in response to 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in healthy older adults randomized to one of three different external resistances: 20% 1 RM; 50% 1 RM; or 80% 1 RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17).”
Citations
Cites
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“To overcome this bias, standardized and objective tests of physical performance such as the Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB) have been developed(22).”
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“According to the disablement model, impairment refers to a loss or abnormality at the tissue, organ, and body system level (35).”
BackgroundMethodGoodpaster, B. H., Park, S. W., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nevitt, M., Schwartz, A. V., Simonsick, E. M., Tylavsky, F. A., Visser, M., Newman, A. B., et al. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059 · Cited by 3,083 · cited 1×
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BackgroundMeaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults.
Perera, S., Mody, S. H., Woodman, R. C., & Studenski, S. A. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00701.x · Cited by 2,513 · cited 3×
“Many of the more recent studies examining the relationship between muscle power on functional performance in older adults have used the SPPB as study eligibility criteria or as a study outcome measure (4,7,14,15,29).”
BackgroundHuman aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition.
Evans, W. J., & Lexell, J. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.11 · Cited by 1,308 · cited 3×
“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundLeg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women.
Bassey, E. J., Fiatarone, M. A., O'neill, E. F., Kelly, M., Evans, W. J., & Lipsitz, L. A. (1992) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0820321 · Cited by 943 · cited 1×
“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing, and gait speed.”
BackgroundAagaard, P., Suetta, C., Caserotti, P., Magnusson, S. P., & Kjær, M. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01084.x · Cited by 709 · cited 3×
“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundAssociation of Muscle Power With Functional Status in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Foldvari, M., Clark, M., Laviolette, L. C., Bernstein, M. A., Kaliton, D., Castaneda, C., Pu, C. T., Hausdorff, J. M., Fielding, R. A., & Singh, M. A. F. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m192 · Cited by 653 · cited 1×
“(19) further explored the relationships between muscle power, muscle strength and other physiologic factors relevant to functional independence among 80 elderly community-dwelling women with self-reported disability.”
Self-citationThe relationship between leg power and physical performance in mobility-limited older people
Md, J. F. B., Kiely, D. K., Herman, S., Leveille, S. G., Mizer, K., Frontera, W. R., & Fielding, R. A. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50111.x · Cited by 605 · cited 1×
“(5) examined the relative contribution of muscle power and strength on various measures of physical performance among community-dwelling older men and women with objective mobility-limitations.”
Self-citationBean, J. F., Leveille, S. G., Kiely, D. K., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.8.m728 · Cited by 529 · cited 1×
“(9) replicated these observations in a large cohort of 1032 older adults from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study and demonstrated that impairments in muscle power were more influential proximal determinants of mobility performance than impairments in muscle strength.”
Result
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 837
Bechshøft, R. L., Reitelseder, S., Højfeldt, G. W., Castro-Mejía, J. L., Khakimov, B., Ahmad, H. F., Kjær, M., Engelsen, S. B., Laugesen, S. M. B., Rasmussen, M. A., et al. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1512-0 · Cited by 38
“This test is known to correlate with physical performance [8] even more than muscle strength [66] and serves to link the changes in strength to functional outcomes.”
BackgroundCadore, E. L., Menger, E., Teodoro, J. L., da Silva, L. X. N., Boeno, F. P., Umpierre, D., Botton, C. E., Ferrari, R., Cunha, G. D. S., Izquierdo, M., et al. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.011 · Cited by 37
“climbing, and sit-to-stand ability, especially after the sixth decade of life (Reid and Fielding, 2012; Casas-Herrero et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMontgomery, G., McPhee, J. S., Pääsuke, M., Sipilä, S., Maier, A. B., Hogrel, J., & Degens, H. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9051561 · Cited by 36
“However, lower limb muscle power is more closely related to performance in physical function tests than maximal force production [45,46].”
BackgroundGallardo, E. J., Gray, D. A., Hoffman, R. L., Yates, B. A., Moorthi, R. N., & Coggan, A. R. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa311 · Cited by 35
An embryonic CaVβ1 isoform promotes muscle mass maintenance via GDF5 signaling in adult mouse
Traoré, M., Gentil, C., Benedetto, C., Hogrel, J.-Y., De la Grange, P., Cadot, B., Benkhelifa-Ziyyat, S., Julien, L., Lemaitre, M., Ferry, A., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1131 · Cited by 36
Marsh, A. P., Kyla Shea, M., Vance Locke, R. M., Miller, M. E., Isom, S., Miller, G. D., Nicklas, B. J., Lyles, M. F., Carr, J. J., & Kritchevsky, S. B. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls258 · Cited by 36
“Our study adds to these data because all participants in our study received weight loss treatment, and we observed a significant increase in LP power, an important determinant of physical function (21), and no appreciable decline in muscle strength even in the group that did not do RT.”
ResultExplosive type of contractions should not be avoided during resistance training in elderly
Cadore, E. L., Pinto, R. S., Reischak-Oliveira, Á., & Izquierdo, M. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.003 · Cited by 35
Müller, D. C., Izquierdo, M., Boeno, F. P., Aagaard, P., Teodoro, J. L., Grazioli, R., Radaelli, R., Bayer, H., Neske, R., Pinto, R. S., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04355-z · Cited by 35
“1999; Reid and Fielding 2012; Cadore et al.”
Effects of an 8-week training cessation period on cognition and functional capacity in older adults
Rodrigues, L., Bherer, L., Bosquet, L., Vrinceanu, T., Nadeau, S. M., Lehr, L., Bobeuf, F., Kergoat, M., Vu, T. T. M., & Berryman, N. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110890 · Cited by 45
Llanos, P., & Palomero, J. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11244008 · Cited by 39
“The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body that performs different functions, including those related to the movement of the body such as stability, equilibrium, and locomotion; vital functions such as breathing; and those associated with the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, in which the generation and…”
BackgroundLecce, E., Amoruso, P., Felici, F., & Bazzucchi, I. (2025) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp289716 · Cited by 56
Sculthorpe, N. F., Herbert, P., & Grace, F. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13863 · Cited by 35
Kim, J., Shin, S., & Kwon, E. (2023) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202200729 · Cited by 36
Powerpenia Should be Considered a Biomarker of Healthy Aging
Freitas, S. R., Cruz‐Montecinos, C., Ratel, S., & Pinto, R. S. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-024-00689-6 · Cited by 37
“Notably, with advancing age, humans first stop performing power-based tasks while maintaining considerable skeletal muscle strength and mass and continuing to perform maximal strength-based tasks [2].”
BackgroundInfluentialBaker, M. E., DeCesare, K., Johnson, A., Kress, K. S., Inman, C. L., & Weiss, E. P. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2019.1568322 · Cited by 36
“In contrast to endurance performance, anaerobic/strength performance is dependent on anaerobic ATP production, muscle mass and fiber composition, and motor unit recruitment (47).”
BackgroundStagsted, R. A. W., Ramari, C., Skjerbæk, A. G., Thrue, C., Dalgas, U., & Hvid, L. G. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111347 · Cited by 39
Kotronia, E., Brown, H., Papacosta, O., LENNON, L. T., Weyant, R. J., Whincup, P. H., Wannamethee, S. G., & Ramsay, S. E. (2022) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.17792 · Cited by 33
“In the BRHS only, tooth loss was associated with incident mobility limitations, which can be a predictor of ADL and IADL and indicator of poor physical function.(22,35,36) It is possible that chewing difficulties, through influencing eating and food choices could contribute to decreased muscle strength, which then imp…”
BackgroundStraight, C. R., Brady, A. O., & Evans, E. M. (2014) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.10.006 · Cited by 33
New horizons in the compression of functional decline
Gore, P., Kingston, A., Johnson, G. R., Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Jagger, C. (2018) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afy145 · Cited by 34
“Although a number of studies have shown that decline in muscle strength with ageing contributes to functional limitations [28], muscle power declines earlier and more rapidly than strength, and, at least lower extremity muscle power, is a stronger predictor of functional performance at older ages than muscle strength…”
BackgroundKatsoulis, K., Stathokostas, L., & Amara, C. E. (2018) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2018-0054 · Cited by 33
Dietary weight-loss interventions for the management of obesity in older adults
Goisser, S., Kiesswetter, E., Schoene, D., Torbahn, G., & Bauer, J. M. (2020) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-020-09577-2 · Cited by 34
Aging has greater impact on anaerobic versus aerobic power in trained masters athletes
Gent, D. N., & Norton, K. I. (2012) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.721561 · Cited by 33
Daly, R. M., Duckham, R. L., Tait, J. L., Rantalainen, T., Nowson, C. A., Taaffe, D. R., Sanders, K. M., Hill, K., Kidgell, D. J., & Busija, L. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0652-y · Cited by 34
“Muscle power reflects the ability of the muscle to produce force rapidly (that is, it is the product of force and velocity of contraction), and declines earlier and more rapidly with increasing age compared to muscle strength [7].”
BackgroundIdentification of human skeletal muscle miRNA related to strength by high-throughput sequencing
Mitchell, C. J., D’Souza, R. F., Schierding, W. S., Zeng, N., Ramzan, F., O'Sullivan, J. M., Poppitt, S. D., & Cameron‐Smith, D. (2018) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00112.2017 · Cited by 34
“Skeletal muscle force production is the primary determinant of many measures of physical function (43) and has also been related to mortality risk (46), quality of life (50), and outcomes in acute illness (12).”
BackgroundSkeletal muscle-on-a-chip in microgravity as a platform for regeneration modeling and drug screening
Kim, S., Ayan, B., Shayan, M., Rando, T. A., & Huang, N. F. (2024) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.06.010 · Cited by 35
Diverse Exercises Similarly Reduce Older Adults’ Mobility Limitations
Tollár, J., Nagy, F., Moizs, M., TÓTH, B. E., Sanders, L. M. J., & Hortobágyi, T. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002001 · Cited by 33
“Of these causes, reduced lower-extremity muscle power is a key contributor to slow walking speed, making it an intervention target (10,11).”
BackgroundCallahan, D. M., Tourville, T. W., Slauterbeck, J. R., Ades, P. A., Stevens‐Lapsley, J. E., Beynnon, B. D., & Toth, M. J. (2015) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.016 · Cited by 31
“Thus, reduced RTD likely contributes to functional disability in older adults with knee OA (48, 52).”
BackgroundLiang, W., Xiang, W., Cheng, S., Jiao, J., Zhu, X., & Duan, Y. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-024-00767-9 · Cited by 32
Ardali, G., Brody, L. T., States, R. A., & Godwin, E. M. (2017) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000142 · Cited by 29
Gómez-Bruton, A., Navarrete-Villanueva, D., Pérez-Gómez, J., Vila-Maldonado, S., Gesteiro, E., Gusi, N., Villa-Vicente, J., Espino, L., González-Gross, M., Casajús, J., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124312 · Cited by 31
“Regarding the latter, a decrease in fitness levels will determine the health and autonomy of older adults as different studies have shown that cardiorespiratory fitness [3] and muscle power [4] are determinants of physical functioning and consequently of independence in elderly subjects.”
BackgroundMüller, D. C., Boeno, F. P., Izquierdo, M., Aagaard, P., Teodoro, J. L., Grazioli, R., Cunha, G. D. S., Ferrari, R., de Asteasu, M. L. S., Pinto, R. S., et al. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111321 · Cited by 32
Establishing Normative Reference Values for Standing Broad Jump Among Hungarian Youth
Saint‐Maurice, P. F., Laurson, K. R., Kaj, M., et al. (2015) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2015.1042416 · Cited by 31
“Muscular power, similar to overall muscle strength, is correlated with functional status and bone health in adults (Ashe, Liu-Ambrose, Cooper, Khan, & McKay, 2008; Cooper et al., 2011; Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
Krämer, A., Kümmel, J., Gollhofer, A., Armbrecht, G., Ritzmann, R., Belavý, D. L., Felsenberg, D., & Grüber, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00633 · Cited by 32
Englund, D. A., Sharp, R. L., Selsby, J. T., Ganesan, S. S., & Franke, W. D. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.072 · Cited by 30
“These improvements in SPPB are modest when compared to other studies, but are most likely due to the shorter intervention period and higher baseline functional status of the subjects (Reid and Fielding, 2012).”
InfluentialTotal-Body PET Imaging of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Chaudhari, A. J., Raynor, W., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Werner, T. J., Rajapakse, C. S., & Alavi, A. A. (2020) · PET Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.cpet.2020.09.012 · Cited by 30
Current perspectives on obesity and skeletal muscle contractile function in older adults
Straight, C. R., Toth, M. J., & Miller, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00739.2020 · Cited by 32
Hsu, K., Chien, K., Tsai, S.-C., Tsai, Y.-S., Liao, Y. H., Chen, J. J., Chen, Y.-R., & Chen, C. (2021) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-021-1599-1 · Cited by 33
The effects of ageing on functional capacity and stretch-shortening cycle muscle power
Elam, C., Aagaard, P., Slinde, F., Svantesson, U. M., Hulthén, L., Magnusson, P., & Käll, L. B. (2021) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.33.250 · Cited by 30
Carneiro, M. A. S., Franco, C. M. C., Silva, A. L., Castro-e-Souza, P., Kunevaliki, G., Izquierdo, M., Cyrino, E. S., & Padilha, C. S. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00446-7 · Cited by 30
Jiménez-Lupión, D., Ríos, L. J. C., García, D. M., Rodríguez-Pérez, M., & Jerez‐Mayorga, D. (2023) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.01.022 · Cited by 33
Ca2+ dependency of limb muscle fiber contractile mechanics in young and older adults
Teigen, L. E., Sundberg, C. W., Kelly, L. J., Hunter, S. K., & Fitts, R. H. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00575.2019 · Cited by 30
“Aging is accompanied by decreases in muscle mass and the ability to generate power (9, 50, 70), which can impair mobility and quality of life for older adults (16, 45, 62).”
BackgroundAristotelous, P., Stefanakis, M., Pantzaris, M., Pattichis, C. S., Calder, P. C., Patrikios, I. S., Sakkas, G. K., & Giannaki, C. D. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13103661 · Cited by 29
“Individuals with MS have significantly reduced muscle strength, and the ability to generate maximal force [59] in the lower extremities is reduced compared to healthy controls [60].”
BackgroundA review of the relationship between leg power and selected chronic disease in older adults
Strollo, S. E., Caserotti, P., Ward, R. E., Glynn, N. W., Goodpaster, B. H., & Strotmeyer, E. S. (2014) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-014-0528-y · Cited by 29
“Therefore, leg power measurements may be more discriminant predictors of functional loss in older adults as well as identify individuals with preserved physical function (3, 11, 12).”
Impact of the s.w.e.a.T.™ water-exercise method on activities of daily living for older women.
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Chambers, T. L., Dimet‐Wiley, A., Keeble, A. R., Haghani, A., Lo, W., Kang, G., Brooke, R. T., Horvath, S., Fry, C. S., Watowich, S. J., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp286681 · Cited by 30
“…health dimension is independently associated with increased all-cause mortality as well as lower quality of life and decreased ‘healthspan’ (García-Hermoso et al., 2018; Kokkinos et al., 2022; Lee et al., 2011; Metter et al., 2002; Reid & Fielding, 2012; Sui et al., 2007; Trombetti et al., 2016).”
Zhu, R. T.-L., Zuo, J. J.-J., Li, K.-J., Lam, F. M. H., Wong, A. Y. L., Yang, L., Bai, X., Wong, M., Kwok, T. C. Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-05685-3 · Cited by 28
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Wu, J., Jiang, N., & Yu, B. (2020) · World Journal of Stem Cells · doi:10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.986 · Cited by 28
The Association of Multiple Gene Variants with Ageing Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes in Elderly Women
Khanal, P., He, L., Herbert, A. J., Stebbings, G. K., Onambélé-Pearson, G. L., Degens, H., Morse, C. I., Thomis, M. A., & Williams, A. G. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11121459 · Cited by 28
“Neuromuscular function determines an individual’s mobility and independence during old age [2,3].”
BackgroundCaparrós-Manosalva, C., Garrido-Muñoz, N., Alvear-Constanzo, B., Sanzana-Laurié, S., Artigas-Arias, M., Alegría-Molina, A., Vidal-Seguel, N., Espinoza-Araneda, J., Huard, N., Pagnussat, A. S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1223069 · Cited by 31
“Muscle power is a crucial factor in the functional capacity of older people, related to gait speed and risk of falls (Bean et al., 2010; Reid and Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundShort- and long-term reliability of leg extensor power measurement in middle-aged and older adults
Hurst, C., Batterham, A. M., Weston, K. L., & Weston, M. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1346820 · Cited by 28
“…has highlighted the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and muscular strength (Janssen, Heymsfield, Wang, & Ross, 2000; Skelton et al., 1994), muscular power may be a more important determinant of effective physical functioning in older adults (Foldvari et al., 2000; Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundCherup, N., Roberson, K. B., Potiaumpai, M., Widdowson, K., Jaghab, A., Chowdhari, S., Armitage, C., Seeley, A. D., & Signorile, J. F. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.09.007 · Cited by 34
“, 2006) and functional outcome measures (Miszko et al., 2003; Bottaro et al., 2007; Reid and Fielding, 2012) than standard strength training programs.”
Vasconcelos, A. B. S., de Resende–Neto, A. G., Nogueira, A. C., Aragão-Santos, J. C., Monteiro, M. R. P., Morais-Junior, G. S., Avelar, G. G., Camargo, E. A., Nóbrega, O. D. T., & Silva‐Grigoletto, M. E. D. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110920 · Cited by 28
Zoughaib, W. S., Hoffman, R. L., Yates, B. A., Moorthi, R. N., Lim, K. J., & Coggan, A. R. (2023) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.005 · Cited by 28
Hunter, S. K. (2024) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00866.2023 · Cited by 29
Pereira, A., Costa, A. M., Leitão, J. C., Monteiro, A. M., Izquierdo, M., Silva, A. J., Bastos, E., & Marques, M. C. (2013) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-13-131 · Cited by 26
“Improved knowledge of the specific mechanisms that mediate impairments in physical functioning, especially the relevance of functionality tests (gait speed versus mobility), based on demonstration of strength and muscle power, are crucial for developing effective interventions for preserving mobility and independence…”
BackgroundShiotsu, Y., & Yanagita, M. (2018) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001060 · Cited by 28
Fernández‐García, Á. I., Gómez‐Cabello, A., Moradell, A., Navarrete‐Villanueva, D., Pérez‐Gómez, J., Ara, I., Pedrero‐Chamizo, R., Subías-Perié, J., Muñiz-Pardos, B., Casajús, J. A., et al. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12156246 · Cited by 31
“The development of power for the elderly is especially interesting considering that power levels decrease at a greater rate than strength levels with aging, and power has shown to be a more powerful predictor of functional disability [103].”
BackgroundTøien, T. H., Nielsen, J. L., Berg, O. K., Brobakken, M. F., Nyberg, S. K., Espedal, L., Malmo, T., Frandsen, U., Aagaard, P., & Wang, E. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00208.2023 · Cited by 29
Regterschot, G. R. H., Zhang, W., Baldus, H., Stevens, M. J., & Zijlstra, W. (2016) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.02.004 · Cited by 24
“Leg muscle power is a determinant of movement execution and an important parameter for measuring intervention effects in older adults [1-4].”
BackgroundHabenicht, R., EBENBICHLER, G. R., Bonato, P., Kollmitzer, J., Ziegelbecker, S., Unterlerchner, L., Mair, P., & Kienbacher, T. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-0645-2 · Cited by 24
“Whereas these tests establish the diagnosis of sarcopenia they seem unsuitable to achieve very early detection of sarcopenia before the related muscle functional impairments occur [17, 18].”
BackgroundBachasson, D., Decorte, N., Wuyam, B., Millet, G. Y., & Vergès, S. (2016) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370216654225 · Cited by 25
Moen, K., Ormstad, H., Wang-Hansen, M. S., & Brovold, T. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1294211 · Cited by 25
“example when getting up out of a chair or climbing stairs [11].”
BackgroundHvid, L. G., Nielsen, M. K. F., Simonsen, C., Andersen, M., & Caserotti, P. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.019 · Cited by 28
“neurochemistry, loss ofmotor units and functioning of remainingmotor units, reduced motor nerve conduction velocity, and structural changes of the neuromuscular junctions (Cadore et al., 2014; Reid and Fielding, 2012; Russ et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialSkelettmuskuläre Faktoren, Sarkopenie und Stürze im Alter
Schoene, D., Kiesswetter, E., Sieber, C. C., & Freiberger, E. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-017-1283-6 · Cited by 24
Cobian, D. G., Koch, C. M., Amendola, A., & Williams, G. N. (2017) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7310 · Cited by 23
Orsano, V. S. M., de Moraes, W. M. A. M., de Sousa, N. M. F., de Moura, F. C., Tibana, R. A., Silva, A. D. O., Funghetto, S. S., Schoenfeld, B. J., & Prestes, J. (2018) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s164108 · Cited by 24
“6 Moreover, HVRT has the potential to induce postexercise hypotension (PEH) in normotensive young subjects.”
Teodoro, J. L., da Silva, L. X. N., Fritsch, C. G., Baroni, B. M., Grazioli, R., Boeno, F. P., López, P., Gentil, P., Bottaro, M., Pinto, R. S., et al. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13451 · Cited by 25
Exercise for Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention and Management
Daly, R. M., & Giangregorio, L. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119266594.ch67 · Cited by 25
Long, D. E., Peck, B. D., Tuggle, S. C., Villasante Tezanos, A. G., Windham, S. T., Bamman, M. M., Kern, P. A., Peterson, C. A., & Walton, R. G. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00315-9 · Cited by 25
Martins, A. D., Fernandes, O., Pereira, A., Oliveira, R., Alderete Goñi, F. D., Leite, N. J. C., & Brito, J. P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095390 · Cited by 24
Bray, N. W., Pieruccini‐Faria, F., Witt, S. T., Bartha, R., Doherty, T. J., Nagamatsu, L. S., Almeida, Q. J., Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L., Middleton, L. E., Bherer, L., et al. (2023) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-023-00805-6 · Cited by 26
Possible-sarcopenic screening with disturbed plasma amino acid profile in the elderly
Duan, Y., Tao, K., Fang, Z., & Lu, Y. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04137-0 · Cited by 27
Hernández, M., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Cebollero, P., Hueto, J., Rodrigo, J. A. C., & Antón, M. M. (2016) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2016-0144 · Cited by 25
Karlsson, E., Franzén, E., Nygren‐Bonnier, M., Bergenmar, M., & Rydwik, E. (2019) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2019.01.004 · Cited by 24
Load-velocity relationship in the horizontal leg-press exercise in older women and men
Marques, D. L., Neiva, H. P., Marinho, D. A., Nunes, C., & Marques, M. C. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111391 · Cited by 27
HEIDEL, K. A., NOVAK, Z. J., & Dankel, S. J. (2021) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12929-9 · Cited by 25
Schaun, G. Z., Bamman, M. M., & Alberton, C. L. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111593 · Cited by 28
Wrucke, D. J., Kuplic, A., Adam, M. D., Hunter, S. K., & Sundberg, C. W. (2024) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00773.2023 · Cited by 24
Navarro‐Cruz, R., Alcázar, J., Rodríguez-López, C., Losa‐Reyna, J., Alfaro‐Acha, A., Ara, I., García‐García, F. J., & Alegre, L. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00316 · Cited by 24
“Muscle power is recognized as a major target for resistance training interventions conducted to improve physical function in older adults (Sayers, 2008; Reid and Fielding, 2012; Izquierdo and Cadore, 2014).”
BackgroundHeavy Strength Training in Older Adults: Implications for Health, Disease and Physical Performance
Tøien, T. H., Berg, O. K., Modena, R., Brobakken, M. F., & Wang, E. (2025) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13804 · Cited by 30
“The ability to develop force rapidly is considered a key feature of muscle strength and is of critical functional importance at higher age [58].”
Sañudo, B., Lora, M. D. H., & McVeigh, J. G. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003428 · Cited by 23
Wearables-Only Analysis of Muscle and Joint Mechanics: An EMG-Driven Approach
Gurchiek, R. D., Donahue, N., Fiorentino, N. M., & McGinnis, R. S. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3102009 · Cited by 23
Amasene, M., Besga, A., Medrano, M., Urquiza, M., Rodriguez‐Larrad, A., Tobalina, I., Barroso, J., Irazusta, J., & Labayen, I. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.034 · Cited by 27
“suggested to be a better discriminatory predictor of functional performance than muscle strength [21].”
BackgroundMethodSantos, C. A. F., Amirato, G. R., Jacinto, A. F., Pedrosa, A., Caldo‐Silva, A., Sampaio, A. R., Pimenta, N., Santos, J. M. B., Pochini, A. D. C., & Bachi, A. L. L. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10020323 · Cited by 23
“It is estimated that between the fourth and seventh decades of life there is a 50% reduction in human muscle mass and strength [1], mainly due to the reduction”
BackgroundThe paradox of overnutrition in aging and cognition
Fielding, R. A., Gunstad, J., Gustafson, D., Heymsfield, S. B., Kral, J. G., Launer, L. J., Penninger, J. M., Phillips, D. I. W., Scarmeas, N., & Kral, J. G. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12138 · Cited by 23
Self-citationKiriella, J. B., de Araújo, T. N., Vergara, M. E., et al. (2017) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzx102 · Cited by 23
Hill, C., James, R. S., Cox, V. M., & Tallis, J. A. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx243 · Cited by 23
Inácio, M., Creath, R. A., & Rogers, M. W. (2018) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.10.018 · Cited by 23
“It is conceivable that this limited effectiveness can be due to the lack of emphasis on rapid force production that is characteristic of power training and important for weight transfer during protective stepping (Reid and Fielding, 2012).”
Roie, E. V., Driessche, S. V., Huijben, B., Baggen, R. J., van Lummel, R. C., & Delecluse, C. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210653 · Cited by 24
Novel individualized power training protocol preserves physical function in adult and older mice
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Bui, K.-L., Maia, N. P. D. S., Saey, D., Dechman, G., Maltais, F., Camp, P. G., & Mathur, S. (2019) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1669233 · Cited by 23
“or average power during isokinetic and isotonic contractions (Reid and Fielding, 2012), and surrogate measures such as peak velocity during isotonic contractions”
BackgroundInfluentialGéphine, S., Frykholm, E., Nyberg, A., Mucci, P., van Hees, H. W. H., Lemson, A., Klijn, P. H. C., Maltais, F., & Saey, D. (2021) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab052 · Cited by 23
Oxandrolone Augmentation of Resistance Training in Older Women
Mavros, Y., O’Neill, E. F., CONNERTY, M., Bean, J. F., Broe, K. E., Kiel, D. P., MacLean, D. B., TAYLOR, A., Fielding, R. A., & Singh, M. A. F. (2015) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000690 · Cited by 24
“Maximal strength and power testing are safe, valid, and highly relevant outcomes in mobility-limited older adults (9,30).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPower Training in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study on Feasibility and Efficacy
Pelletier, D., Gingras-Hill, C., & Boissy, P. (2013) · Physiotherapy Canada · doi:10.3138/ptc.2012-05 · Cited by 23
Muscle Stem Cell and Physical Activity: What Point is the Debate at?
Ceccarelli, G., Benedetti, L., Arcari, M., Carubbi, C., & Galli, D. (2017) · Open Medicine · doi:10.1515/med-2017-0022 · Cited by 12
“Skeletal muscle has the fundamental role of maintaining skeletal architecture and locomotion [8] but also represents a huge site for glycogen synthesis [9] and amino-acid deposits [10].”
BackgroundNunes, P. R. P., de Oliveira, A. A., Martins, F. M., Souza, A. P., & Orsatti, F. L. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.011 · Cited by 25
“…the 6-minute walk test and the 400-meter walk test, are also related to aerobic fitness and are widely used in the research field to determine fast walking speed (Bouchard et al., 2009; Galvao and Taaffe, 2005; Hortobágyi et al., 2015; Perera et al., 2006; Reis et al., 2012; Straight et al., 2015).”
InfluentialTestosterone, frailty and physical function in older men
Hsu, B., Cumming, R. G., & Handelsman, D. J. (2018) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2018.1475227 · Cited by 22
“Older men have a greater age-related decline in muscle power than younger men [78].”
BackgroundKato, S., Demura, S., Shinmura, K., Yokogawa, N., Kabata, T., Matsubara, H., Kajino, Y., Igarashi, K., Inoue, D., Kurokawa, Y., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245879 · Cited by 22
“Decreased muscle strength has been reported as an indicator of decreased mobility function [27], and decreased muscle volume has been presented as an outcome of malnutrition [28].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fielding, Roger A.
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-12
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3245773
- OpenAlex
- W2019627189
- Cited by
- 913
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 99 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 15.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ag031679-15)
- National Institute on Aging (1 P30 AG031679, P30-AG031679, R01AG018844)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD065688)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- muscle strength, aging, older adults, functional limitations, mobility limitations, disability, lower extremity, physical function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Physical Fitness, Psychomotor Performance, Muscle, Skeletal, Lower Extremity, Mobility Limitation, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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