The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 16 of the 67 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning in Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
In Brief Muscle power declines earlier and more precipitously with advancing age compared with muscle strength. Peak muscle power also has emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults. Our current working hypothesis is focused on examining lower extremity muscle power as a more discriminant variable for understanding the relationships between impairments, functional limitations, and resultant disability with aging. This article emphasizes that skeletal muscle power impairments are critical physiological determinants of physical functioning and mobility limitations among older adults.
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Claims the paper makes
26 No full text of the sources · 14 Sources not found · 13 Own interpretation · 8 Partly supported · 4 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Not supported · 1 Supported so far · accuracy not yet measured
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Improvements in knee and leg extensor muscle power after high velocity power training were approximately twofold greater compared to gains in muscle power as a result of strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract (page unavailable) identifies this as a cross-sectional study of 34 older women measuring ankle-flexor power, not a training comparison in 45 older adults. It reports associations with functional performance, not approximately twofold greater gains after high-velocity training than after strength training. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirectn = 45- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that Earles et al. found a 22% increase in leg-press power after 12 weeks, not the claimed 50–141%. It does describe a significant power difference between the training and walking groups, but that does not support the claimed magnitude. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power has also emerged as an important predictor of functional limitations in older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
- Supportedcites [19] source
The paper’s introductory passage says power is highly related to functional-task performance and that loss of anaerobic power can limit older adults’ activities. The Subjects and Procedures section also links low leg-extensor power with low physical function. These passages support the claim as a broad statement about prediction, though the study did not establish that changes in peak power predict changes in function. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Scores obtained on a 12 point summary scale indicate a gradient of functional decline that has been shown to be highly predictive of subsequent mobility-related disability, institutionalization, and mortality (22).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction says the SPPB assesses lower-extremity function and predicts subsequent disability, institutionalization, and mortality. The Methods use an SPPB score of ≤9 to define mobility impairment, but our copy does not specify a 12-point scale or state that its scores indicate a gradient of functional decline. (LLM, conf=0.82)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, leg power consistently explained a greater proportion of the variance (2–8%) on all measures of physical performance (stair climb and chair stand performance, gait speed and the SPPB) assessed in these mobility-limited participants.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [5] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Outcome Measures section (p. 3) describes measurements of limb power, strength, and the SPPB, but our copy does not report how much variance in physical performance each explains. Searches for the 2–8% figure and for comparisons across stair climbing, chair stands, gait speed, and the SPPB found no such analysis. (LLM, conf=0.74)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
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In the paper
“In a secondary analysis of this study, Bean et al. (6) used multivariate regression models to delineate how the changes in leg power were significantly and independently associated with the clinically meaningful differences observed in SPPB and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [6] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods and Table 2 report adjusted regression models showing significant associations of leg power with SPPB scores and habitual gait speed. But the Discussion describes the analysis as cross-sectional: it did not assess changes in leg power or establish that changes were associated with clinically meaningful differences in those outcomes. The leg-power models were also separate from the strength models, rather than adjusted for strength. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“After 16 weeks of training, they observed an 84% greater increase in leg press power in the high velocity training group compared to the low velocity group.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods describe a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, and the Conclusion reports associations between leg press velocity and balance measures; neither reports a 16-week comparison of training groups. Searches for Fielding and the claimed 84% increase found no passage in our copy addressing that result. (LLM, conf=0.75)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Two power training intervention studies have demonstrated that high velocity resistance training is associated with greater improvements in functional performance compared to conventional strength training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract discusses an association between muscle power and physical functioning, but not improvements following training. The Protocol describes single-session muscle testing, not an intervention. Searches for power-training interventions and comparisons with conventional strength training found no passage in our copy reporting the claimed results from two studies. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Furthermore, muscle power remained an independent predictor of functional performance in multivariate analyses after accounting for muscle strength and additional self-report measures of health status and physical functioning.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Compared to muscle strength, contraction velocity of leg extensors has been shown to be a stronger predictor of performance on lower intensity functional tasks such as habitual walking speed (r2 = 0.18 vs. 0.06)(33).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 27
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“However, recent randomized trials designed to maximize muscle power output have generally demonstrated that high velocity power training is feasible, well tolerated, and can effectively improve lower extremity muscle power in healthy older men and women, older women with self-reported disability (18, 25), older adults with mobility limitations (30) and in older women aged over 80 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Disputedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 2 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A recent systematic evaluation of this methodology demonstrated that peak power assessment with a multiple attempt protocol using pneumatic resistance equipment yields significantly higher performance and better reliability than protocols involving a single attempt at varying external resistances on pneumatic equipment in older adults (11).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Protocol and Instrumentation sections describe multiple leg-press attempts at two resistance levels using pneumatic equipment. But the Data Analysis section compares participant groups, not multiple-attempt with single-attempt protocols; our copy reports no reliability comparison or finding that one protocol yields higher performance. It therefore does not support the claimed systematic evaluation or its comparative result. (LLM, conf=0.88)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The SPPB has been validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies and offers additional advantages over self-report measures of functional status in terms of applicability and reproducibility.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [22] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes the SPPB as a standardized performance test and says such tests may offer advantages over self-report measures in reproducibility and applicability. It does not state that the SPPB was validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies, and it hedges the claimed advantages. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“When muscle power is assessed across a range of external resistances (40%–90% of one repetition maximum (1RM)), peak muscle power is typically yielded at approximately 70% of the 1RM while maximal contraction velocity typically occurs at the lowest external resistance (40% of 1RM)(11, 15, 18).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Evaluation of muscle power output using lower extremity pneumatic resistance training equipment has recently emerged as an accurate and valid muscle power assessment modality, particularly as this methodology can reliably capture the force and velocity components of muscle power output(18, 30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (Impairment Measures; page unavailable) describe a pneumatic leg press that calculates peak power and report that similar methods have shown high reliability. But the Discussion (Limitations; page unavailable) says velocity was derived rather than measured directly, and the paper does not establish the claimed accuracy or validity of capturing both force and velocity. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Peak muscle power (r = 0.47) was superior to muscle strength (r = 0.43) and aerobic capacity (r = 0.40) in determining functional status and independently predicted functional dependency even after accounting for additional neuropsychological and health status indicators.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [19] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17). These improvements in function were greater than those elicited from a self-paced walking program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [17] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Similarly, Bottaroet al.(10)also reported that 10 weeks of high velocity resistance training significantly improved several functional performance measures after modest improvements in leg muscle power in sedentary older males. An intervention of traditional resistance training had no effect of the functional parameters assessed in this study.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [10] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This multiple attempt protocol maximizes the achievement of maximal contraction velocity and subsequent maximal muscle power output and is feasible for the assessment of lower extremity muscle power in frail older populations.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Power in Older Adults
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This investigation also highlighted the emergence of limb contraction velocity as an important rehabilitive impairment and specific target for therapeutic intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing and gait speed.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Lower Extremity Muscle Power and Functional Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Such factors include a quantitative loss of muscle mass and alterations in the properties of individual muscle fibers, in particular, the selective reduction in the number and size of type II muscle fibers with advancing age which have the ability to generate four times the power output of type I fibers (24). Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases in muscle fat”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Physiological Determinants of Muscle Power and Mobility Limitations with Advancing Age
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to this reduction in muscle power output among older adults include: a quantitative decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia), changes in muscle composition, muscle quality (reduced muscle strength per unit muscle mass), individual muscle fiber contractile properties and alterations in neuromuscular function(1, 24).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Among older adults with low muscle power, 16 weeks of high velocity power training elicited significant improvements in a battery of whole body functional performance tasks(27). These gains were significantly greater than those elicited after a corresponding program of traditional strength training (27).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“More recently, 12 weeks of explosive heavy resistance training,with a loading intensity of 75–80% 1RM,demonstrated substantial improvements in muscle power (28%) and marked gains in rapid muscle force generating characteristics in healthy older woman aged 80-89 years(12).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Sayers et al. (32)evaluated 16 weeks of high velocity power training in older women with self-reported disability and noted modest improvements in dynamic balanceand stair climbing performance after large improvements in muscle power. However, equivalent improvements in functional performance were observed in the group randomized to traditional resistance training.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They reported that the stair climbing intervention increased leg power by 17% with a corresponding 12% increase in stair climbing power. Significant improvements in stair climb time and SPPB scores were observed, although these gains were not statistically greater compared to those observed following a walking intervention.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Reid et al.(31) also quantified indices of muscle quality (muscle strength and power normalized to muscle CSA) and reported significant differences in specific leg extensor muscle power among the mobility-limited participants while no differences were evident for measures of specific muscle strength across the three study groups evaluated.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Among older adults with mobility-limitations, a 12-week high-velocity resistance training intervention increased lower extremity muscle power (~25%), although these gains were comparable to improvements resulting from traditional slow velocity strength training in this population (~21%)(30).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They demonstrated similar improvements in muscle power with both training protocols after a 24-week intervention period. These gains were also accompanied by better performance on several functional measures, including stair climb and chair rise time, although the magnitude of these improvements were not different between intervention groups.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Clark and colleagues (14)also demonstrated reductions in the rate of neuromuscular activity and impaired acceleration during dynamic leg extensions in mobility limited elders.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“previous studies have reported a significant reduction of 14.7% in thigh muscle cross sectional area (CSA) after a 12 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 65 yrs) and a 5.6% reduction after an 9 year follow-up period (mean initial age: 71 yrs) (20).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Changes in Muscle Mass and Quality
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neuromuscular activation impairments may impact movement velocity and muscle coordination leading to a reduction or a longer time to reach peak force, and thus a decline in muscle power generation.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mobility-limited elders demonstrated significant impairments in torque, power and agonist muscle activation, with the greatest deficits elicited at the fastest movement velocities (Figure 2 and 3).”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Neuromuscular Activation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Substantial improvements in SPPB score and self reported function were also induced after InVEST, although these improvements were not significantly greater than the traditional resistance training program.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exercise interventions targeted at improving lower extremity muscle power have been well-tolerated, safe and effective, even among frail older adults.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Among older adults with mobility limitations, there is a paucity of information on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.
“However, among older adults with mobility limitations, a paucity of information exists on the specific underlying physiological mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle power.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.
“To date, no studies have examined the longitudinal changes in muscle mass among mobility-limited older adults.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.
“A distinct biological basis for the precipitous decline in muscle power with aging has yet to be determined.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“however, muscle power shows larger declines with ageing compared with muscle strength [138].”
From Minimalist Training: Is Lower Dosage or Intensity Resistance Training Effective to Improve Physical Fitness? A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Consequently, muscle power (the product of force and velocity) is a critical component of functional performance in older individuals 23,24 that declines faster than strength over time, 25,26 with reductions of up to 6% per year in people aged . 70 years. 27”
From High-velocity power training has similar effects to traditional resistance training for functional performance in older adults: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“The ability to perform daily activities is closely linked to muscle power output and the rate of force development [[199], [200], [201]], with research showing strong correlations between these metrics and performance in functional capacity tests in healthy older adults [[199], [200], [201]].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, owing to the strong associations between functional capacity test performance, muscle power output, and rate of force development in healthy older adults [199,202,397,464], explosive resistance training (power training) has become an essential intervention to improve functional capacity in older adults, including those who are frail [85,88].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [199]
In the citing paper
“Sarcopenia, defined as a loss of muscle strength/power with ageing due to changes in the quality and quantity of muscle tissue, becomes increasingly prevalent with advancing age; 13–24% under 70 years but >50% over 80 years.42”
From Reduced physical activity in young and older adults: Metabolic and musculoskeletal implications (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“aging muscle appears to undergo a fast-to-slow fiber-type shift [91], that is hypothesized to reduce whole muscle power and increase fall risk [92, 93].”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [93]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“only one study to date has examined high velocity training at varying external resistances. de Voset al. (16) examined changes in leg power in response to 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in healthy older adults randomized to one of three different external resistances: 20% 1 RM; 50% 1 RM; or 80% 1 RM.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“Orr et al. (28) reported improvements in measures of dynamic balance in high functioning older men and women randomized to 8–12 weeks of high velocity resistance training and compared to an inactive control group. Power training performed at low intensity (20% of 1RM) was associated with the greatest improvements in balance performance compared to training performed at 50% and 80% of the 1RM.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Resistance Training Interventions to Restore Muscle Power in Older Adults
“Earleset al. (17) reported a 50–141% increase in leg power following 12 weeks of high velocity resistance training in combination with moderate intensity non-resistance exercise compared to a structured walking program in older men and women.”
§ Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning In Older Adults > Impact of Muscle Power Training on Physical Function
“A 12-week program of high velocity resistance training resulted in a 22% increase in leg power with a corresponding increase of 20 meters in total distance walked during the six-minute walk test and a 0.7 unit increase in SPPB score in healthy older adults (17).”
Citations
Cites
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“To overcome this bias, standardized and objective tests of physical performance such as the Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB) have been developed(22).”
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“According to the disablement model, impairment refers to a loss or abnormality at the tissue, organ, and body system level (35).”
BackgroundMethodGoodpaster, B. H., Park, S. W., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nevitt, M., Schwartz, A. V., Simonsick, E. M., Tylavsky, F. A., Visser, M., Newman, A. B., et al. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059 · Cited by 3,083 · cited 1×
“(21) examined the longitudinal changes (È3 yr) in muscle mass among 1880 relatively healthy older adults in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (mean initial age, 73.”
BackgroundMeaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults.
Perera, S., Mody, S. H., Woodman, R. C., & Studenski, S. A. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00701.x · Cited by 2,513 · cited 3×
“Many of the more recent studies examining the relationship between muscle power on functional performance in older adults have used the SPPB as study eligibility criteria or as a study outcome measure (4,7,14,15,29).”
BackgroundHuman aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition.
Evans, W. J., & Lexell, J. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.11 · Cited by 1,308 · cited 3×
“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundLeg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women.
Bassey, E. J., Fiatarone, M. A., O'neill, E. F., Kelly, M., Evans, W. J., & Lipsitz, L. A. (1992) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0820321 · Cited by 943 · cited 1×
“The seminal investigation by Bassey and coworkers (2) examined the contribution of muscle power to various functional tasks in frail institutionalized elders and demonstrated that leg extensor peak power was predictive of chair rise performance, stair climbing, and gait speed.”
BackgroundAagaard, P., Suetta, C., Caserotti, P., Magnusson, S. P., & Kjær, M. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01084.x · Cited by 709 · cited 3×
“Additionally, muscle power loss in older adults is influenced by increases inmuscle fat infiltration, changes in neuromuscular function, muscle architecture, alterations in hormonal status, protein synthesis, and inflammatory mediators (1,24).”
BackgroundAssociation of Muscle Power With Functional Status in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Foldvari, M., Clark, M., Laviolette, L. C., Bernstein, M. A., Kaliton, D., Castaneda, C., Pu, C. T., Hausdorff, J. M., Fielding, R. A., & Singh, M. A. F. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m192 · Cited by 653 · cited 1×
“(19) further explored the relationships between muscle power, muscle strength and other physiologic factors relevant to functional independence among 80 elderly community-dwelling women with self-reported disability.”
Self-citationThe relationship between leg power and physical performance in mobility-limited older people
Md, J. F. B., Kiely, D. K., Herman, S., Leveille, S. G., Mizer, K., Frontera, W. R., & Fielding, R. A. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50111.x · Cited by 605 · cited 1×
“(5) examined the relative contribution of muscle power and strength on various measures of physical performance among community-dwelling older men and women with objective mobility-limitations.”
Self-citationBean, J. F., Leveille, S. G., Kiely, D. K., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.8.m728 · Cited by 529 · cited 1×
“(9) replicated these observations in a large cohort of 1032 older adults from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study and demonstrated that impairments in muscle power were more influential proximal determinants of mobility performance than impairments in muscle strength.”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 837
Qiao, Y., Harezlak, J., Cawthon, P. M., Cummings, S. R., Forman, D. E., Goodpaster, B. H., Hawkins, M., Moored, K., Nicklas, B. J., Toledo, F. G. S., et al. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad197 · Cited by 8
Erdoğan, T., & Bahat, G. (2018) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-018-3612-y · Cited by 7
Yuan, B., Li, J., Liang, W., et al. (2022) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-022-00853-y · Cited by 7
Golf is a Physical Activity for a Lifetime
Vandervoort, A. A., Lindsay, D. M., Lynn, S. K., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Golf Science · doi:10.1123/ijgs.1.1.54 · Cited by 7
Zhou, J., & Gao, Q. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119636113.ch48 · Cited by 7
Thompson, B. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1472712 · Cited by 7
“Power is a highly signi fi cant attribute in sports, daily functional activities, and health-related outcomes (7 – 10).”
Whitman, P. W., Alexander, C. J., Kaluta, L., Burt, L. A., & Gabel, L. (2025) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2025.117650 · Cited by 7
Sit‐to‐Stand Power From 2D Pose Estimation as an Indicator of Muscle Strength in Older Adults
Hwang, W., Shim, D., Kim, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.70208 · Cited by 6
Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for long-lasting and chronic diseases
Febbraio, M. A., & Pedersen, B. K. (2026) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2026.02.017 · Cited by 12
A skeletal muscle atlas shows neuromuscular junction adaptations to growth and atrophy
Campanario, S., Grima-Terrén, M., Rommelfanger, M., Orso, S. D., Feng, X., Cisneros, A., Ramírez‐Pardo, I., Calls, A., Yang, B. A., Ko, K. D., et al. (2026) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2026.03.010 · Cited by 10
Effects of Aging and Fitness on Hopping Biomechanics
Sánchez-Trigo, H., Zange, J., Sies, W., Böcker, J., Sañudo, B., & Rittweger, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013696 · Cited by 6
“Preventing mobility limitations and maintaining independent functioning in the aging population is of major public health importance [2].”
BackgroundFraga-Germade, E., Carballeira, E., & Iglesias‐Soler, E. (2023) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004588 · Cited by 6
“In this regard, PRT with higher loads has been suggested as an impactful activity for improving functional performance in tasks related to mobility and ambulation capacity (10,33), mainly when these tasks are executed for a long time.”
BackgroundAkaida, S., Taniguchi, Y., Nakai, Y., Kiuchi, Y., Tateishi, M., Shiratsuchi, D., Takenaka, T., Kubozono, T., Ohishi, M., & Makizako, H. (2024) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000536653 · Cited by 6
“In general, muscle mass is considered an important determinant for performing physical functions (e.g., grip strength, walking speed, etc.) [31].”
BackgroundWhite, M. S., Graham, M. C., Janatova, T., Hawk, G. S., Thompson, K. L., & Noehren, B. W. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24134250 · Cited by 6
“While both metrics contribute valuable insights into a muscle’s capacity for force production, RTD complements maximal strength assessments by providing insights into neural and contractile function that are not captured by maximum strength alone [1,2].”
BackgroundBaxter, B. A., Baross, A., Ryan, D. J., & Kay, A. D. (2024) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-024-02828-1 · Cited by 8
“Power has been suggested to be the most influential factor affecting functional ability [ 36] and is associated with balance [37], walking velocity [38], frailty [39], and falls [4] in older adults.”
BackgroundLee, A. J., Sénéchal, M., Read, E. A., & B̀ouchard, D. R. (2020) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/2333721420981327 · Cited by 6
“The chair stand test involves starting in a seated position with arms across chest, and moving from a seated to standing position as many times as possible within a 30 second time limit (Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundVieira, L. A., da Cruz, J. L., Razuk, M., & Rinaldi, N. M. (2022) · Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging · doi:10.53886/gga.e0220007 · Cited by 6
Marques, D. L., Neiva, H. P., Marinho, D. A., Pires, I. M., Nunes, C., & Marques, M. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1007772 · Cited by 6
“, the product of force and velocity) contributes to the loss of functional independence and increases the risk of falls and death in older adults (Reid and Fielding, 2012; Byrne et al., 2016; McKinnon et al., 2017).”
BackgroundOne-Year Follow-Up after Multimodal Prehabilitation Interventions in Radical Cystectomy
Jensen, B. T., & Jensen, J. B. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15245785 · Cited by 6
“We used surrogate markers for physical function (muscle leg power), nutritional status (handgrip strength), and body composition (bioimpedance); therefore, the results should be interpreted accordingly, although, all variables are recognized as highly valid markers in physical medicine [20–22].”
BackgroundMethodStraight, C. R., Brady, A. O., & Evans, E. M. (2016) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2016.1141828 · Cited by 5
de Asteasu, M. L. S., Martínez‐Velilla, N., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Herrero, Á. C., Millor, N., & Izquierdo, M. (2019) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.038 · Cited by 5
Fitze, D. P., Franchi, M. V., Popp, W., et al. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/10970 · Cited by 6
“Increasing the skeletal muscle power should be another target during cardiovascular rehabilitation because it has been shown to decline earlier and more rapidly than muscle force, and, therefore, it represents a more discriminant predictor of functional performance in older adults [41].”
BackgroundBarzegari, M., Shojaedin, S. S., & Tork, M. B. (2019) · Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy · doi:10.32598/ptj.9.1.15 · Cited by 6
“A review study in 1999 in Iran showed that 19-20% of older men and 24-36% of older women had been traumatized, the main causes of which were unwanted incidents and falling [9].”
BackgroundMachado, C. L. F., Radaelli, R., Brusco, C. M., Cadore, E. L., Wilhelm, E. N., & Pinto, R. S. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2021-0214 · Cited by 7
The Loss of Power and Need for Power Training in Older Adults
Inácio, M. (2016) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-016-0176-7 · Cited by 6
KJ, R. T. K. (2015) · Journal of Osteoporosis and Physical Activity · doi:10.4172/2329-9509.1000136 · Cited by 6
“In that study, women with less advanced disease showed an impressive 154% increase in 1 RM in the squat exercise and 52% increase in rate of force development (muscle power), which is suggested to be of high importance for preventing falls [40,41].”
BackgroundOn the flash light response activities in the visual cortex of unanesthetized cats.
Hirota, N. (1965) · PubMed · Cited by 6
Neuroplastic periodization in tendinopathy
Kakavas, G., Forelli, F., Korakakis, V., et al. (2025) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldaf006 · Cited by 5
Automated CT‐Based Muscle Density Predicts Mortality Regardless of Muscle Area
Kuchnia, A. J., Blake, G. M., Lee, M. H., Lortie, J. J., Fenske, R. J., Garrett, J. W., & Pickhardt, P. J. (2026) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.70268 · Cited by 5
“This disproportionate decline in muscle function is a key determinant of independence and a more consistent predictor of disability and mortality than muscle mass alone in older adults [3, 6].”
Comparison of two popular transducers to measure sit-to-stand power in older adults
Balachandran, A. T., Orange, S. T., Wang, Y., Lustin, R., Vega, A., & Quiles, N. N. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0308808 · Cited by 5
“Notably, numerous systematic reviews [6, 7] and meta-analyses [8, 9] now confirm that power training improves physical function to a greater extent in older adults than traditional strength training.”
BackgroundGiordano, G., Mastrantoni, L., Landi, F., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13868 · Cited by 5
Huschtscha, Z., Porter, J. A., & Costa, R. J. S. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmz067 · Cited by 5
“Evaluation techniques of muscle power output that have been validated and reliability checked include vertical jump on a force platform, unloaded leg extensor power, and isokinetic dynamometry (11).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOxidative stress and sarcopenia
Bellanti, F., Buglio, A. L., & Vendemiale, G. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818698-5.00009-2 · Cited by 5
Pickering, C., Hicks, D. S., & Kiely, J. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2020-0302 · Cited by 5
Effects of Power on Balance and Fall Prevention in Aging and Older Adults
Chen, T., & Yoshida, Y. (2021) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000296 · Cited by 5
Floreani, M., Rejc, E., GAMBIN, S., VAVASSORI, L., & Lazzer, S. (2021) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12649-0 · Cited by 5
Husseiny, I. M. E., Kholy, S. E., Mohamed, A. Z., Meshrif, W. S., & Elbrense, H. (2022) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.006 · Cited by 5
Cameron, J., McPhee, J. S., Jones, D. A., & Degens, H. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05160-0 · Cited by 7
“1999; Reid and Fielding 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBouzoualegh, M., Adel, B., Lalia, C., & Benhammou, S. (2023) · Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник · doi:10.15391/snsv.2023-3.002 · Cited by 9
“Power is deter - mined by an optimal combination of strength and speed generated by the muscles [21–23], and factors such as the capacity for neural recruitment [24, 25], the use of Impact Loading and the Stretch Shortening Cycle (SSC), and the rate of energy release through the anaerobic metabolic…”
Lee, J.-K., Chae, S., Yang, E., & Hong, S. W. (2024) · Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering · doi:10.1080/13467581.2024.2389163 · Cited by 4
“(Reid and Fielding 2012).”
Santos, C. A. F., Nardy, A., Gomez, R. J., Silva, B. R., Monteiro, F. R., Rossi, M. N., do Amaral, J. B., Paixão, V., Vaisberg, M. W., Amirato, G. R., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21111425 · Cited by 6
“…observations could be associated with the fact that (i) in the aging process, the muscular architecture can be impacted by some factors, such as hormonal, genetic, inflammatory, behavioral, and nutritional factors [59,60], which can lead women to lose muscle strength earlier than men [61].”
Development of a Prediction Equation for Vertical Power in Masters Level Basketball Athletes
Glenn, J. M., Vincenzo, J. L., Gray, M., et al. (2014) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/yfsy1957 · Cited by 5
“Data on this topic suggest a benefit to the incorporation of power training in MA to improve other physical measures such as balance, strength, gait, and muscle volume (31, 26).”
BackgroundMuscular power as a function of load in elderly women
Zbinden‐Foncea, H., Valenzuela, T., Espíldora, F., Peñailillo, L., & Willems, P. A. (2014) · Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1080/10255842.2014.931157 · Cited by 5
Amorim, S., Degens, H., Gaspar, A. P., & de Matos, L. D. N. J. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/14691 · Cited by 6
“However, the use of this exercise modality in elderly people with reduced gait speed is limited [12].”
Daumas, L., Zory, R., Garcia, A., Jaafar, A., Ientile, L., Michel, É., Sacco, G., & Chorin, F. (2023) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/jrm.v55.7803 · Cited by 6
“Regarding the optimal moment and the optimal velocity that corresponds to the moment and the velocity at which the maximal power occurs, they are also linked to physical performance (31, 32) and both were increased after intervention on the paretic limb.”
BackgroundBewegung und Gesundheit im Alter
Füzéki, E., & Banzer, W. E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-50335-5_10 · Cited by 5
Lee, L., Lu, H.-K., Chen, Y.-Y., Lai, C.-L., Chu, L.-P., Hsieh, M.-C., & Hsieh, K.-C. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231604 · Cited by 4
Assessment in pulmonary rehabilitation
Nyberg, A., Probst, V. S., & Vaes, A. W. (2021) · European Respiratory Society eBooks · doi:10.1183/2312508x.10017520 · Cited by 5
Effects of simple long-term respiratory care strategies in older men with COPD
Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Cebollero, P., Hueto, J., Hernández, M., Rodrigo, J. A. C., & Antón, M. M. (2017) · Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia · doi:10.1590/s1806-37562017000000103 · Cited by 5
“(13) Recently, muscle power has emerged as a discriminative variable for understanding the reduction in mobility and in the ability to perform activities of daily living.(14) In older adults, physical inactivity might be one of the mechanisms of this peripheral muscle dysfunction.”
BackgroundCarneiro, M. A. S., Júnior, G. N. D. O., de Sousa, J. F. R., Souza, M. V. C., & Orsatti, F. L. (2019) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2019.08.003 · Cited by 5
Haley, C. B. (2013) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 5
Lanza, M. B., de Souza, C. D. C., & Gray, V. L. (2025) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000431 · Cited by 4
“5,10,11 Moreover, considering velocity is essential for muscle power development, how quickly someone moves their limb is critical for power production.”
Brandt, J. D., Jakobsson, J., Hedlund, M., Sandström, T., & Nyberg, A. (2025) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep092151 · Cited by 4
“Whether this is attributable to being cycling ‘naive’ or reduced lower-limb muscle power, common in older adults and people with COPD (Reid & Fielding, 2012; Roig et al., 2010; Tanguay et al., 2023), remains to be determined.”
Garcia‐Aguirre, M., Baltasar‐Fernandez, I., Alcázar, J., Alfaro‐Acha, A., Bareiro, F. A. Q., Ara, I., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., García‐García, F. J., & Alegre, L. M. (2025) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101080 · Cited by 5
The Neuromuscular Junction: A Shared Vulnerability in Aging and Disease
Moss, K. R., Darvishi, F. B., Badawi, Y., Fish, L. A., Funke, J. R., Pedersen, T. H., Robitaille, R., Arnold, W. D., Burgess, R. W., Meriney, S. D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1353-25.2025 · Cited by 8
Kato, M., Tanaka, Y., Adachi, T., Kito, K., Nakano, W., Nakano, S., Kurita, Y., Miyoshi, K., Takagi, D., Kushida, O., et al. (2026) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.70494 · Cited by 4
Ramos, O. J. F., Pinheiro, V. D. S., & Álvares, T. S. (2025) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.06.026 · Cited by 6
Thacker, M. (2025) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2025.06.003 · Cited by 5
EBENBICHLER, G. R., Habenicht, R., Blohm, P., Bonato, P., Kollmitzer, J., Mair, P., & Kienbacher, T. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10030300 · Cited by 5
Musculoskeletal Fitness for Identifying Low Physical Function in Older Women
Abreu, F., Zymbal, V., & Baptista, F. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20085485 · Cited by 4
“To date, many studies have reported that the muscle power of the lower limbs appears to be a stronger predictor of physical functioning in older adults than handgrip strength [13,14].”
BackgroundKwon, S., Baptista, F., Levy, S. M., Guha, I., Saha, P. K., & Janz, K. F. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22030416 · Cited by 4
“Peak levels of bone and muscle mass are reached in early childhood [2,3] and low peak bone and muscle mass in that period increase the risks of osteoporosis, physical dysfunction, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular disease later in life [4–13].”
RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPROVES THE BLOOD PRESSURE AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF INDIVIDUALS WITH T2DM
Gonela, J. T., de Castro, V., & Zanetti, M. L. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-869220202601176504 · Cited by 5
Trade-Off Between Maximal Power Output and Fatigue Resistance of the Knee Extensors for Older Men
Akagi, R., Nomura, Y., Kawashima, C., Ito, M., Oba, K., Tsuchiya, Y., Power, G. A., & Hirata, K. (2022) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2021-0384 · Cited by 4
Sklivas, A. B., Robinson, L., Uhl, T. L., Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E., & Mayer, K. P. (2022) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15339 · Cited by 6
“Muscular power, the ability of the muscle to generate work per unit of time, is a critical determinant of physical function (Bean et al., 2003, 2010; Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundBenefits of Power Training for the Elderly Population
Green, B. J., Mang, Z. A., Ducharme, J. B., & Kravitz, L. R. (2022) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000816 · Cited by 4
“Importantly, aging is strongly associated with gradual decreases in muscular power (4), which stems from decreased muscle mass (i.”
BackgroundPancera, S., Lopomo, N. F., Buraschi, R., Pollet, J., Pedersini, P., Lazzarini, S. G., & Bianchi, L. N. C. (2023) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1982-9902 · Cited by 4
“Muscle power is also influenced by the type of exercise test and measuring instrument should be evaluated with multi-joint exercises such as leg press and jump [7, 8].”
BackgroundReid, K. F., Storer, T. W., & Bhasin, S. (2023) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.18293 · Cited by 4
“resistance exercise training (PRT), the traditional and most widely studied strategy for improving muscle strength or physical function in older adults.(5) Based on the specificity of training principle, FXT extends the traditional rendition of PRT using exercises that are executed in a task-specific manner by incorpo…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationZhang, C., Li, J., Shi, H., Liu, Y., Cui, J., Luo, X. M., Zeng, L. T., Fan, G. Q., Zhang, P. J., Zhang, P. J., et al. (2023) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2023.04.023 · Cited by 4
de Lima, M. L., de Oliveira, A. A., Carneiro, M. A. S., Silva, S. H. A., Freitas, A. C. D. Q., de Souza, L. R. M. F., Nomelini, R. S., Souza, M. V. C., Assumpção, C. D. O., & Orsatti, F. L. (2024) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-024-08595-z · Cited by 4
“Physiologically, declines in muscular power have been associated with quantitative reductions in muscle area, changes in muscle composition, decreased muscle quality, alterations in contractile fibers, and impaired neuromuscular function [24].”
Nitrate and Nitrite in Aging and Age-Related Disease
Johnson, L. C., DeVan, A. E., Justice, J. N., & Seals, D. R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46189-2_18 · Cited by 5
Concurrent Training in Elderly
Cadore, E. L., & Izquierdo, M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75547-2_18 · Cited by 5
Kim, H., Kang, J., & Jeong, H. (2019) · Precision and Future Medicine · doi:10.23838/pfm.2019.00107 · Cited by 4
“Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in humans, constituting about 40% of body weight in an adult, and plays critical roles in locomotion, energy expenditure, and glucose disposal [1-3].”
BackgroundVillada, J. F. R., Ariza, H. H. L., Jiménez, A. S., & Sepúlveda, C. M. (2015) · International Journal on Disability and Human Development · doi:10.1515/ijdhd-2015-0011 · Cited by 4
Hassani, M., Renzini, A., Nguyen, L., & Coletti, D. (2026) · European Journal of Translational Myology · doi:10.4081/ejtm.2026.14884 · Cited by 2
“…AND “sex differences” precede most of the papers containing the same keywords (Figure 1) For all the above, we included the studies by Gava et al. in the EJTM Seminal Paper Series and we discussed these results while providing an update of the research on the topic that has been done thereafter.”
Souza, D., Pessoni, A., de Lira, C. A. B., Vancini, R. L., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., & Gentil, P. (2021) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.07.003 · Cited by 3
Comparison of strategies for assessment of rate of torque development in older and younger adults
Tavoian, D., Clark, B. C., Clark, L. A., Wages, N. P., & Russ, D. W. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05299-w · Cited by 2
“Given previous reports that vRTD and power are positively associated with physical function in OAs (Izquierdo et al. 1999; Osawa et al. 2018; Reid and Fielding 2012), our finding that rRTD was not associated with any of the geriatric functional tests we measure further supports this hypothesis.”
InfluentialMeulemans, L., Seghers, J., Hoorelbeke, A., Dijck, T. V., Delecluse, C., & Roie, E. V. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14601 · Cited by 3
MacKenzie, E. G., Bray, N. W., Raza, S. Z., Newell, C. J., Murphy, H. M., & Ploughman, M. (2025) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.70223 · Cited by 3
“Seminal research (Reid & Fielding, 2012), as well as complementary work (Katula et al., 2008; Simpkins & Yang, 2022), suggests that muscle power is a more sensitive and clinically meaningful measure than strength in old age.”
Evaluación de adultos mayores con tests funcionales y de marcha
Feijó, F., Bonezi, A., Stefen, C., Polero, P., & Bona, R. L. (2018) · Educación Física y Ciencia · doi:10.24215/23142561e054 · Cited by 4
Xu, T., Jiang, Z., Jeong, J., MORITA, M., & Xu, H. (2019) · Journal of Healthcare Engineering · doi:10.1155/2019/4290957 · Cited by 3
Evaluation of Power-Based Stair Climb Performance via Inertial Measurement Units
Hellmers, S., Lau, S., Diekmann, R., Dasenbrock, L., Kromke, T., Bauer, J. M., Fudickar, S., & Hein, A. (2019) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29196-9_13 · Cited by 3
Harper, S. A., & Thompson, B. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2022.1005080 · Cited by 3
“instance, age-related reductions in physical function are influenced by decreased mechanical power (Bassey et al., 1992; Reid and Fielding, 2012) which is a common outcome resulting from fatigue.”
BackgroundNegara, B. F. S. P., Bashir, K. M. I., Park, Y., Shim, K.-B., Kim, J., Park, S. Y., Lee, J., Sohn, J. H., & Choi, J. (2023) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/ijfs.16280 · Cited by 3
Knudsen, B. M., Nørgaard, B., Rasmussen, H., & Bruun, I. H. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04240-2 · Cited by 3
Baron, A. L., Ortega, J. A. F., & Rojas, D. A. C. (2023) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v51.99901 · Cited by 4
Williamson, E. M., Sanchez-Santos, M. T., Marian, I. R., Maredza, M., Srikesavan, C. S., Garrett, A., Morris, A., Boniface, G., Dutton, S., Griffiths, F. E., et al. (2023) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/lkwx3424 · Cited by 3
Cruz‐Montecinos, C., Moena‐León, M., Durán‐Ovalle, A., Lizama‐Jofré, A., Soto, V., Oyarzún, A., Tapia, C., Freitas, S. R., Pinto, R. S., Núñez‐Cortés, R., et al. (2024) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/hae.15021 · Cited by 4
Wood, L. J., Kneiss, J. A., Wechsler, S., Singh, A. B., Fox, A. B., Peppercorn, J. M., & Pirl, W. F. (2022) · Rehabilitation Oncology · doi:10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000305 · Cited by 3
Terpeluk, P., Rogen, B., & Gilliam, T. B. (2016) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/2165079915621317 · Cited by 4
“Hiring healthier workers and then maintaining worker health are critical to managing health care costs, especially when the average age of workers increases each year (Hymel et al., 2011; Matthews, Moore, George, Sampson, & Bowles, 2012; Reid & Fielding, 2012).”
BackgroundMuscle Strength and Independence for Older Individuals in Nursing Homes
Tarsuslu-Şimşek, T., & Yanardağ, M. (2017) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000162 · Cited by 3
Exercise Testing and Training Strategies for Healthy and Frail Elderly
Symons, T. B., & Swank, A. M. (2015) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000104 · Cited by 3
“Furthermore, Reid and Fielding (17) demonstrated that high-velocity resistance training directed at enhancing lower-limb muscle power has been well tolerated, safe, and successful among individuals older than 80 years.”
BackgroundInfluentialTsang, P., MacDermid, J. C., Miller, T. A., et al. (2020) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.06.017 · Cited by 3
Physical Activity For Health And Longevity
Khoo, S., & Müller, A. M. (2013) · HAL · doi:10.5281/zenodo.13333 · Cited by 4
Kim, A. R., Park, D., & Lee, Y. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11146527 · Cited by 3
“Lower extremity strength is the most important determinant for walking and daily living [1].”
BackgroundWrucke, D. J., Kuplic, A., Adam, M. D., Hunter, S. K., & Sundberg, C. W. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563851 · Cited by 3
Leg Press and Chest Press Power Normative Values by Half Decade in Older Women
Parrino, R. L., Martinez, K. J., Konlian, J. A., Conti, J. M., & Signorile, J. F. (2024) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004704 · Cited by 2
“This significant decline in power may lead to a cascade of debilitating events, including loss of functional independence, increased fall risk, slowing of gait, reduced quality of life, and mortality (14,40,45).”
BackgroundCarcelén‐Fraile, M. D. C., Aibar‐Almazán, A., Hita‐Contreras, F., Sánchez-Alcalá, M., Parra-Díaz, A. B., Infante-Guedes, A., & Castellote‐Caballero, Y. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24196358 · Cited by 3
“Furthermore, strengthening these muscles can significantly improve quality of life and functional independence in older adults [37].”
BackgroundShuman, V., VanSwearingen, J. M., Perera, S., Mangione, K. K., Freburger, J. K., & Brach, J. S. (2024) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.10.010 · Cited by 2
Gambassi, B. B., de Siqueira, A. F. L., Prazeres, J., Sotão, S. S., Almeida, A. E. A. F., Dibai, D. B., Rêgo, A. S., Almeida, F. D. J. F., & Schwingel, P. A. (2025) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000443 · Cited by 2
Strength but not power training increases soluble alpha klotho levels in pre-frail older adults
Rippl, M., Bidlingmaier, M., Deißler, L., Martini, S., Mueller, K., Schluessel, S., Schmidmaier, R., Schweizer, J. R. D. O. L., Tausendfreund, O., Welscher, L., et al. (2025) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2025.113002 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fielding, Roger A.
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-12
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3245773
- OpenAlex
- W2019627189
- Cited by
- 913
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 99 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 15.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ag031679-15)
- National Institute on Aging (1 P30 AG031679, P30-AG031679, R01AG018844)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD065688)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- muscle strength, aging, older adults, functional limitations, mobility limitations, disability, lower extremity, physical function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Physical Fitness, Psychomotor Performance, Muscle, Skeletal, Lower Extremity, Mobility Limitation, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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