Lactobacillus Bacteremia Associated With Probiotic Use in a Pediatric Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Abstract
Probiotic strains of Lactobacillus are currently used in a variety of clinical practices with limited evidence to support their use. Lactobacillus species are a normal part of gastrointestinal flora, and bacteremia with probiotic strains of Lactobacillus is very uncommon. We describe a case of Lactobacillus bacteremia in a 17-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis managed with systemic corticosteroids and infliximab, who presented with fever to 102°F, flushing, and chills 1 week after starting Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG probiotics. Initial blood culture on day 2 of his fever was positive for Lactobacillus, however, subsequent blood cultures on day 3 and 5 were negative. He was treated empirically with antibiotics for 5 days and defervesced by day 8 of his illness. 16 S rRNA sequence analysis identified the organism from the patient's blood culture and probiotic capsule as L. rhamnosus with a 99.78% match for both the strains. This case report highlights the potential risk of Lactobacillus bacteremia in immunosuppressed patients with severe active ulcerative colitis.
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Our review of the literature (from 1980 to 2023) found 23 cases where the blood isolate from a bacteremic patient was identical to the probiotic strain the patient had been taking.
“Our review of the literature (from 1980 to 2023) found 23 cases where the blood isolate from a bacteremic patient was identical to the probiotic strain the patient had been taking.”
From Lactobacillus Bacteremia and Probiotics: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
Adverse events from probiotic strains in vulnerable populations include life-threatening pneumonia, endocarditis, and sepsis.
“AEs include life-threatening pneumonia,106 endocarditis,107–111 and sepsis.112–115”
From Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [114]
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- Authors
- Vahabnezhad, E., Mochon, A. B., Wozniak, L. J., & Ziring, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vahabnezhad, Elaheh
- Wozniak, Laura Joyce
- Ziring, David Alexander
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 437-439
- ISSN
- 0192-0790 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005788065
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9
- FWCI
- 16.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, probiotics, ulcerative colitis, pediatric patients, immunosuppression, infliximab, corticosteroids, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, blood culture contamination, antibiotic therapy
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Colitis, Ulcerative, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Bacteremia, Immunocompromised Host, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Probiotics, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
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