Cited by 340Probiotics and Fermented FoodsInflammatory Bowel DiseaseGut microbiota and health

Mechanisms of probiotic action: Implications for therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel diseases

Vanderpool, Charles, Yan, Fang, Polk, Brent D.·2008·Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Abstract

Probiotics are defined as nonpathogenic living microorganisms, including some commensal bacterial flora, which have beneficial effects on host health and disease prevention and/or treatment. Clinical trials have shown beneficial effects of probiotics on several human diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which are among the most-studied diseases testing probiotics as a potential therapy. However, a significant question regarding clinical use of probiotics is the mechanism underlying the wide range of actions. Studies discussed in this review suggest 3 distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms for probiotic regulation in IBD therapy: 1) Probiotics block pathogenic bacterial effects by producing bactericidal substances and competing with pathogens and toxins for adherence to the intestinal epithelium; 2) Probiotics regulate immune responses by enhancing the innate immunity and modulating pathogen-induced inflammation via toll-like receptor-regulated signaling pathways; and 3) Probiotics regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis by promoting intestinal epithelial cell survival, enhancing barrier function, and stimulating protective responses. Probiotics modulate host cell signaling pathways, including Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor-kappaB to mediate these intestinal epithelial functions. It is hoped that developing a mechanistic understanding of probiotic action will provide the rationale to support the development of new hypothesis-driven studies to define the clinical efficacy in preventive, adjunctive, or alternative treatments for IBD.

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Crossref · 10.1002/ibd.20525

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  • Evidence for mutual interaction between the nervous system and the commensal enteric microbiota has been demonstrated in gut inflammation, visceral pain, certain symptoms of IBS, and in obesity.

    “Evidence for such mutual interaction has been demonstrated in gut inflammation,14 visceral pain,77 certain symptoms of IBS,12 and in obesity.78”
  • Modification of the enteric microbiota by administration of antibiotics, probiotic bacteria or prebiotic substances (for example, certain fibers or lactulose) are beneficial in the treatment of IBD and improve some symptoms of IBS.

    “Evidence suggests that modification of the enteric microbiota by administration of antibiotics, probiotic bacteria or prebiotic substances (for example, certain fibers or lactulose) are beneficial in the treatment of IBD14 and improve some symptoms of IBS.12”

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Authors
Vanderpool, C., Yan, F., & Polk, B. D.
Affiliations
Vanderbilt University (US)
Venue
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Published
2008-11
Volume
14
Issue
11
Pages
1585-1596
ISSN
1078-0998 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1993805426
Cited by
340
References
95
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 26
FWCI
3.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords
probiotics, probiotic mechanisms of action
MeSH terms
Animals, Bacterial Infections, Epithelial Cells, Female, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Male, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Immunity, Mucosal, Probiotics

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