Validation of a Chinese version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CAPQ) and CPAQ-8 in chronic pain patients
Open accessAbstract
Acceptance of chronic pain has increasingly become a significant issue in the field of pain management. Many researchers have suggested that patients with better acceptance of pain are more likely to have better functioning both in physical and psychological status. In many countries, the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and CPAQ-8 have been validated and utilized frequently to measure the pain acceptance of patients with chronic pain. However, the CPAQ and CPAQ-8 yet have not been introduced and validated in Mainland China.In this study, we aimed to translate the English version of the CPAQ into simplified Chinese, make proper cross-cultural adaptations, and validate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the CPAQ and the CPAQ-8.The English version of the CPAQ was first linguistically translated and cross-culturally adapted to formulate a Chinese version. Then, we recruited 224 patients from a pain clinic and every participant was asked to finish a series of questionnaires. Finally, statistical analysis was performed to test the psychometric properties of the CPAQ and the CPAQ-8.Both confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed a 2-factor structure for the CPAQ and the CPAQ-8. Nine out of 10 of the hypotheses were validated for construct validity. The overall intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value for the CPAQ and CPAQ-8 were 0.92 and 0.89, respectively. In addition, the Cronbach α values for both the CPAQ and the CPAQ-8 showed excellent test-retest reliability.In conclusion, the original CPAQ was successfully developed into the Chinese version of the CPAQ and CPAQ-8 with excellent validity and reliability. The scores of the CPAQ or CPAQ-8 might be a strong predictor for the physical and psychological function of chronic pain patients. In addition, to improve the satisfaction of surgery patients, we recommend measuring patients' pain acceptance using the CPAQ or CPAQ-8 before and after the surgery. For patients with lower acceptance, psychological interventions may be more effective than treatment that simply reduces symptoms. Finally, we suggest that the Chinese version of the CPAQ and CPAQ-8 are appropriate for use in clinical settings or fundamental research in Mainland China.
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All the measures employed have excellent or good internal consistency and test-retest reliability and are widely used as outcome measures in chronic pain services.
“All the measures employed have excellent or good internal consistency and test-retest reliability 9,10,14 -16 and are widely used as outcome measures in chronic pain services.”
From A service evaluation to examine the effectiveness of chronic pain management programmes delivered using video conferencing technology compared to in-person (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
The Results (Internal consistency and test–retest reliability; page unavailable) report excellent internal consistency and high test–retest reliability for the Chinese CPAQ and CPAQ-8. The paper does not establish that all measures employed by the citing authors are widely used as outcome measures in chronic pain services. Its Discussion says sensitivity to change was not determined and further study is needed before using these Chinese versions to assess intervention efficacy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPublished reliable change values were not found for the PSEQ, CPAQ and PCS questionnaires, so Criterion A on the Leeds RCI calculator, which uses Cronbach's alpha as a reliability measure, was used with values from several large studies: PSEQ = 0.94, CPAQ = 0.90 and PCS = 0.87.
“Published reliable change values were not found for the PSEQ, CPAQ and PCS questionnaires. Therefore, we used Criterion A on the Leeds RCI calculator which uses Cronbach ' s alpha as a reliability measure, and were found from several large studies as follows: PSEQ = 0.94, 11 CPAQ = 0.90, 15 and PCS = 0.87. 16”
From A service evaluation to examine the effectiveness of chronic pain management programmes delivered using video conferencing technology compared to in-person (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Liu, Y., Wang, L., Wei, Y., Wang, X., Xu, T., & Sun, J.
- Affiliations
- Second Military Medical University (CN)
- Shanghai Zhabei District Shibei Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Tianming
- Sun, Jinhai
- Venue
- Medicine
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- e4339
- ISSN
- 0025-7974 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5370785
- OpenAlex
- W2517422076
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, chronic pain, pain acceptance, cross-cultural adaptation, Chinese translation, psychometric validation, construct validity, test-retest reliability, factor structure, psychological intervention
- MeSH terms
- Attitude to Health, China, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, Translating, Reproducibility of Results, Principal Component Analysis, Chronic Pain, Pain Management
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