Hepatitis C virus infections among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: an expanding epidemic.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since 2000 outbreaks of sexually transmitted hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections have been reported among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). We studied the prevalence and determinants of HCV-infection among MSM attending a large sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in the Netherlands. METHODS: In 2007-2008, 3125 attendees of the STI clinic Amsterdam, including 689 MSM, participated in an anonymous biannual crosssectional survey. Participants were interviewed and screened for HIV and HCV antibodies. Additionally, all anti-HCV positive and HIV-infected individuals were tested for HCV RNA. Using phylogenetic analysis, HCV strains of the STI clinic attendees were compared with those isolated from MSM with acute HCV in 2000-2007. Determinants of HCV-infection were analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Two of 532 (0.4%) HIV-negative MSM and 28 of 157 (17.8%) HIV-positive MSM were infected with HCV. Over the study period, HCV prevalence among HIV-infected MSM increased (14.6%-20.9%). Seven of 28 (25.0%) HIV/HCV coinfected MSM had acute HCV infection. Only five of 28 (17.9%) HIV/HCV coinfected MSM ever injected drugs (IDU). HIV-infection, IDU, fisting and gamma hydroxy butyrate (GHB)-use were significantly associated with HCV-infection. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a high degree of MSM-specific clustering. CONCLUSION: We found a high and increasing HCV prevalence in HIV-infected MSM. Though not statistically significant, this trend, and the relatively large proportion of acute infections suggest ongoing transmission of HCV in HIV-positive MSM. Regardless of IDU, rough sexual techniques and use of recreational drugs were associated with HCV-infection; phylogenetic analysis supported sexual transmission. Targeted prevention, like raising awareness and routine testing, is needed to stop the further spread among HIV-infected MSM, and to prevent possible spillover to HIV-negative MSM.
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Sexual transmission of HCV can occur and is most common among MSM with HIV infection.
“Sexual transmission of HCV can occur and is most common among MSM with HIV infection (234–237).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [237]
Increasing incidence of acute HCV infection among MSM with HIV infection has been reported in multiple U.S. and European cities.
“Increasing incidence of acute HCV infection among MSM with HIV infection has been reported in multiple U.S. (96,236,239,1339) and European cities (237,1340–1342).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [237]
An association exists between HCV infection and high-risk and traumatic sexual practices and concurrent genital ulcerative disease or STI-related proctitis among MSM with HIV.
“An association exists with high-risk and traumatic sexual practices (e.g., condomless receptive anal intercourse or receptive fisting) and concurrent genital ulcerative disease or STI-related proctitis (237,1342).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [237]
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- Authors
- Urbanus, A. T., van de Laar, T. J., Stolte, I. G., Schinkel, J., Heijman, T., Coutinho, R. A., & Prins, M.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- GGD Amsterdam (NL)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Urbanus, Anouk T
- Venue
- AIDS
- Published
- 2009-07-31
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- F1-F7
- ISSN
- 0269-9370 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2058844613
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 18.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- AIDS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Rivm Repository (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Keywords
- hepatitis C virus, HIV/HCV coinfection, men who have sex with men, sexually transmitted infections, HCV prevalence, HCV transmission, intravenous drug use, fisting, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, HCV RNA, HCV antibody screening, STI clinic attendees
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Disease Outbreaks, Genotype, Hepatitis C, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Phylogeny, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, Homosexuality, Male, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Unsafe Sex
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