Why tropical forest lizards are vulnerable to climate warming
Open accessAbstract
Biological impacts of climate warming are predicted to increase with latitude, paralleling increases in warming. However, the magnitude of impacts depends not only on the degree of warming but also on the number of species at risk, their physiological sensitivity to warming and their options for behavioural and physiological compensation. Lizards are useful for evaluating risks of warming because their thermal biology is well studied. We conducted macrophysiological analyses of diurnal lizards from diverse latitudes plus focal species analyses of Puerto Rican Anolis and Sphaerodactyus . Although tropical lowland lizards live in environments that are warm all year, macrophysiological analyses indicate that some tropical lineages (thermoconformers that live in forests) are active at low body temperature and are intolerant of warm temperatures. Focal species analyses show that some tropical forest lizards were already experiencing stressful body temperatures in summer when studied several decades ago. Simulations suggest that warming will not only further depress their physiological performance in summer, but will also enable warm-adapted, open-habitat competitors and predators to invade forests. Forest lizards are key components of tropical ecosystems, but appear vulnerable to the cascading physiological and ecological effects of climate warming, even though rates of tropical warming may be relatively low.
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Predictions of tropical ectotherm vulnerability have been verified in a variety of tropical reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.
“These predictions have been verified in a variety of tropical reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates (4–8).”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
There was a significant positive linear regression of the proportion of days per year when temperature equaled or exceeded 29 °C on MnMaxT at El Verde.
“However, there was a significant positive linear regression of proportion of days per year when the temperature equaled or exceeded 29 °C on MnMaxT at El Verde (SI Appendix, Fig. S8K), suggesting that our measure reflects significant exposure to extremes rather than ephemeral spikes in temperature (6, 20).”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
As ambient temperatures increase, thermal stress can lead to extinction by lowering performance, restricting activity time, and lessening food intake.
“As ambient temperatures increase, thermal stress can lead to extinction by lowering performance, restricting activity time, and lessening food intake.”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
This vulnerability results from lower critical thermal maxima than basking species, limited acclimation via thermoregulation, and reduced thermal safety margins.
“This vulnerability results from lower critical thermal maxima than basking species, limited acclimation via thermoregulation, and reduced thermal safety margins.”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
Huey et al. proposed that thermal-conforming lizards inhabiting shaded tropical forests should be especially vulnerable to climate warming.
“Huey et al. (6) proposed that thermal-conforming lizards inhabiting shaded tropical forests should be especially vulnerable to climate warming.”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
All Anolis species discussed are nonbasking, thermal-conforming forest inhabitants.
“All of these species are nonbasking, thermal-conforming forest inhabitants (6).”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
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Erosion of Lizard Diversity by Climate Change and Altered Thermal Niches
Sinervo, B., Méndez-de-la-Cruz, F., Miles, D. B., Heulin, B., Bastiaans, E., Villagrán-Santa Cruz, M., Lara-Resendiz, R., Martínez-Méndez, N., Calderón-Espinosa, M. L., Meza-Lázaro, R. N., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1184695 · Cited by 1,902 · see citing works
Global analysis of thermal tolerance and latitude in ectotherms
Sunday, J. M., Bates, A. E., & Dulvy, N. K. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1295 · Cited by 1,300 · see citing works
Plasticity in thermal tolerance has limited potential to buffer ectotherms from global warming
Gunderson, A. R., & Stillman, J. H. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.0401 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web
Lister, B. C., & Garcia, A. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1722477115 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Urban, M. C., Tewksbury, J. J., & Sheldon, K. S. (2012) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2367 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Self-citationTolerance landscapes in thermal ecology
Rezende, E. L., Castañeda, L. E., & Santos, M. (2014) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12268 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Calosi, P., Bilton, D. T., Spicer, J. I., Votier, S. C., & Atfield, A. (2010) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01611.x · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Diamond, S. E., Sorger, D. M., Hulcr, J., Pelini, S. L., Toro, I. D., Hirsch, C., Oberg, E., & Dunn, R. R. (2012) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02542.x · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Sheldon, K. S., Yang, S., & Tewksbury, J. J. (2011) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01689.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysiological ecology meets climate change
Bozinovic, F., & Pörtner, H. (2015) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.1403 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Stapley, J., Garcia, M., & Andrews, R. M. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115450 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Huey, R. B., Deutsch, C. A., Tewksbury, J. J., Vitt, L. J., Hertz, P. E., Álvarez Pérez, H. J., & Garland, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Oklahoma (US)
- Barnard College (US)
- Faculty of Education, University of Puerto RicoRio Piedras, PR 00931, USA
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huey, Raymond B.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2009-03-04
- Volume
- 276
- Issue
- 1664
- Pages
- 1939-1948
- ISSN
- 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
- 0962-8452
- 1471-2954
- PMC
- PMC2677251
- OpenAlex
- W2168689121
- Cited by
- 962
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 39.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecological Modeling › Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Keywords
- global warming, thermal biology, Anolis, latitudinal gradient, body temperature, invasive species, physiological performance
- MeSH terms
- Acclimatization, Animals, Body Temperature, Geography, Lizards, Phylogeny, Puerto Rico, Temperature, Tropical Climate, Greenhouse Effect, Ecosystem
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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