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Does the perception of moving eyes trigger reflexive visual orienting in autism?
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Does movement of the eyes in one or another direction function as an automatic attentional cue to a location of interest? Two experiments explored the directional movement of the eyes in a full face for speed of detection of an aftercoming location target in young people with autism and in control participants. Our aim was to investigate whether a low-level perceptual impairment underlies the delay in gaze following characteristic of autism. The participants' task was to detect a target appearing on the left or right of the screen either 100 ms or 800 ms after a face cue appeared with eyes averting to the left or right. Despite instructions to ignore eye-movement in the face cue, people with autism and control adolescents were quicker to detect targets that had been preceded by an eye movement cue congruent with target location compared with targets preceded by an incongruent eye movement cue. The attention shifts are thought to be reflexive because the cue was to be ignored, and because the effect was found even when cue-target duration was short (100 ms). Because (experiment two) the effect persisted even when the face was inverted, it would seem that the direction of movement of eyes can provide a powerful (involuntary) cue to a location.
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“The effects were also apparent when the face was presented upside down.”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Swettenham et al. (2003)
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“Both their control and their ASD groups were unable to resist following the cue given by the eyes of a face to a subsequently presented target, even though the cue was invalid 50% of the time.”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Swettenham et al. (2003)
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“Swettenham, Condie, Campbell, Milne, and Coleman (2003) demonstrated that reflexive orienting is intact in older children with ASD (mean age 10 years).”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Swettenham et al. (2003)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Swettenham, J., Condie, S., Campbell, R., Milne, E., & Coleman, M.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Swettenham, John
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2003-02-28
- Volume
- 358
- Issue
- 1430
- Pages
- 325-334
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC1693118
- OpenAlex
- W2153684761
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, gaze following, visual orienting, reflexive attention, attentional cueing, face perception, face inversion, perceptual impairment
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Autistic Disorder, Child, Eye Movements, Face, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Orientation, Reflex, Visual Perception
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