Immunological imprinting of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients
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Abstract
In addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), humans are also susceptible to six other coronaviruses, for which consecutive exposures to antigenically related and divergent seasonal coronaviruses are frequent. Despite the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing research, the nature of the antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Here we longitudinally profile the early humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and quantify levels of pre-existing immunity to OC43, HKU1 and 229E seasonal coronaviruses, and find a strong back-boosting effect to conserved but not variable regions of OC43 and HKU1 betacoronaviruses spike protein. However, such antibody memory boost to human coronaviruses negatively correlates with the induction of IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein. Our findings thus provide evidence of immunological imprinting by previous seasonal coronavirus infections that can potentially modulate the antibody profile to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an original antigenic sin-type immune response against human coronaviruses to which most people have pre-existing immunity.
“It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an original antigenic sin-type immune response against human coronaviruses (hCoVs) to which the majority of the human population has pre-existing immunity”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD, and S2 (2021) · cites this paper as Aydillo et al., 2021
A backboost to β-coronaviruses has been reported for natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
“has already been shown for natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 where a “backboost” to β-coronaviruses was also found (Aydillo et al., 2021; Song et al., 2020).”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD, and S2 (2021) · cites this paper as Aydillo et al., 2021
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- Authors
- Aydillo, T., Rombauts, A., Stadlbauer, D., Aslam, S., Abelenda-Alonso, G., Escalera, A., Amanat, F., Jiang, K., Krammer, F., Carratala, J., & García-Sastre, A.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Krammer, Florian
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2021-06-18
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3781-3781
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8213790
- OpenAlex
- W3171762393
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 14.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- ImmPort
- Funders
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (75N93019C00051)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- immunological imprinting, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, antibody response, humoral immunity, seasonal coronaviruses, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, 229E, spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, pre-existing immunity, IgG, IgM, hospitalized patients
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Antibody Formation, Cross Reactions, Female, Humans, Male, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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