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PreprintCited by 94Visual perception and processing mechanismsFace Recognition and PerceptionMemory Processes and Influences

Visual mental imagery in typical imagers and in aphantasia: A millimeter-scale 7-T fMRI study

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Liu, Jianghao, Zhan, Minye, Hajhajate, Dounia, Spagna, Alfredo, Dehaene, Stanislas, Cohen, Laurent, Bartolomeo, Paolo·2023·Cortex
DOI 10.1101/2023.06.14.544909

Preprint — published as 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.01.013

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Abstract

Most of us effortlessly describe visual objects, whether seen or remembered. Yet, around 4% of people report congenital aphantasia: they struggle to visualize objects despite being able to describe their visual appearance. What neural mechanisms create this disparity between subjective experience and objective performance? Aphantasia can provide novel insights into conscious processing and awareness. We used ultra-high field 7T fMRI to establish the neural circuits involved in visual mental imagery and perception, and to elucidate the neural mechanisms associated with the processing of internally generated visual information in the absence of imagery experience in congenital aphantasia. Ten typical imagers and 10 aphantasic individuals performed imagery and perceptual tasks in five domains: object shape, object color, written words, faces, and spatial relationships. In typical imagers, imagery tasks activated left-hemisphere frontoparietal areas, the relevant domain-preferring areas in the ventral temporal cortex partly overlapping with the perceptual domain-preferring areas, and a domain-general area in the left fusiform gyrus (the Fusiform Imagery Node). The results were valid for each individual participant. In aphantasic individuals, imagery activated similar visual areas, but there was reduced functional connectivity between the Fusiform Imagery Node and frontoparietal areas. Our results unveil the domain-general and domain-specific circuits of visual mental imagery, their functional disorganization in aphantasia, and support the general hypothesis that conscious visual experience - whether perceived or imagined - depends on the integrated activity of high-level visual cortex and frontoparietal networks.

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  • During imagery tasks, people with aphantasia activated visual cortices similarly to controls, but the fusiform imagery node (FIN) was functionally disconnected from left frontoparietal regions engaged by imagery tasks.

    “During imagery tasks, people with aphantasia activated visual cortices similarly to controls, but a key region in the left fusiform cortex, the 'fusiform imagery node' (FIN) was functionally disconnected from left frontoparietal regions engaged by imagery tasks.”

    From Aphantasia and hyperphantasia: exploring imagery vividness extremes (2024) · cites this paper as [11]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Liu, J., Zhan, M., Hajhajate, D., Spagna, A., Dehaene, S., Cohen, L., & Bartolomeo, P.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Liu, Jianghao
  • Bartolomeo, Paolo
ORCID
Venue
Cortex
Publisher
openRxiv
Published
2023-06-14
Volume
185
Pages
113-132
ISSN
0010-9452 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1101/2023.06.14.544909
OpenAlex
W4407795836
Cited by
94
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 2
FWCI
38.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cortex (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-IAIHU06, 10-IAIHU-06, FR-AVC-017, ANR-16-CE37-0005, ANR-10)
  • Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (ANR-10-IAIHU-06)
  • Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
  • Dassault Systèmes La Fondation
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords
aphantasia, visual imagery, ultra-high field fMRI, frontoparietal network, ventral temporal cortex, functional connectivity, visual awareness, face perception, spatial relations
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Imagination, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Visual Perception, Young Adult

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