Mitochondrial Trafficking in Neurons

Schwarz, T. L.

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011304

Cited by 525Mitochondrial Function and PathologyMicrotubule and mitosis dynamicsAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Mitochondrial Trafficking in Neurons

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Schwarz, T. L.·2013·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

DOI 10.1101/cshperspect.a011304PMC PMC3660831

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Abstract

Neurons, perhaps more than any other cell type, depend on mitochondrial trafficking for their survival. Recent studies have elucidated a motor/adaptor complex on the mitochondrial surface that is shared between neurons and other animal cells. In addition to kinesin and dynein, this complex contains the proteins Miro (also called RhoT1/2) and milton (also called TRAK1/2) and is responsible for much, although not necessarily all, mitochondrial movement. Elucidation of the complex has permitted inroads for understanding how this movement is regulated by a variety of intracellular signals, although many mysteries remain. Regulating mitochondrial movement can match energy demand to energy supply throughout the extraordinary architecture of these cells and can control the clearance and replenishing of mitochondria in the periphery. Because the extended axons of neurons contain uniformly polarized microtubules, they have been useful for studying mitochondrial motility in conjunction with biochemical assays in many cell types.

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MECA functions to sustain mitochondria in regions with elevated demand for mitochondrial activity, influencing the quantity and quality of mitochondria inherited by daughter cells.
“MECA functions to sustain mitochondria in regions with elevated demand for mitochondrial activity, thereby influencing the quantity and quality of mitochondria inherited by daughter cells [31].”
From Mitochondrial anchor protein Num11 is key to pathogenicity of Candida albicans by affecting mitochondrial function and cell wall masking (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
The Summary (page unavailable) says neuronal trafficking machinery retains mitochondria where calcium buffering and energy production are in high demand. It identifies milton and Miro, not MECA, as part of that machinery. The paper discusses postmitotic neurons and does not support the claim about the quantity or quality of mitochondria inherited by daughter cells. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cellular distribution of mitochondria is controlled both by their translocation along the microtubule system and by their retention at specific metabolically active sites within the cell.
“The cellular distribution of mitochondria is controlled both by their translocation along the microtubule system and by their retention at specific metabolic active sites within the cell [137].”
From RhoA Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [137]
MECA in S. cerevisiae is a critical structure that links mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane.
“Notably, research has identified the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum-cortex anchor (MECA) in S. cerevisiae as a critical structure that links mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane [31].”
From Mitochondrial anchor protein Num11 is key to pathogenicity of Candida albicans by affecting mitochondrial function and cell wall masking (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
The section on the motor/adaptor complex discusses Miro and milton in neuronal mitochondrial transport and briefly mentions the yeast protein Gem1p. Searches for MECA and for a yeast mitochondrial tether to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane found no passage addressing the claimed structure or its function. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Authors: Schwarz, T. L.
Affiliations: Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Schwarz, T. L.
ORCID: Schwarz, T. L.
Venue: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Published: 2013-06-01
Volume: 5
Issue: 6
Pages: a011304-a011304
ISSN: 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011304
PMC: PMC3660831
OpenAlex: W2131454864
Cited by: 525
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
Type: posted content
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords: mitochondrial trafficking, neurons, mitochondrial motility, Miro, John Milton, kinesin, dynein, axons, microtubule polarity, energy demand, mitochondrial clearance
MeSH terms: Biological Transport, Calcium, Microtubules, Mitochondria, Neurons, Mitochondrial Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport

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Mitochondrial Trafficking in Neurons

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