Cited by 711TGF-β signaling in diseasesProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingSignaling Pathways in Disease

Signaling Receptors for TGF-β Family Members

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Heldin, Carl-Henrik, Moustakas, Aristidis·2016·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Abstract

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the receptors are controlled by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and neddylation, as well as by interaction with other proteins at the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. Activation of TGF-β receptors induces signaling via formation of Smad complexes that are translocated to the nucleus where they act as transcription factors, as well as via non-Smad pathways, including the Erk1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways, and the Src tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, and Rho GTPases.

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Crossref · 10.1101/cshperspect.a022053

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  • C-terminal phosphorylation of Smad2 or Smad3 is a marker of TGF-β/Smad signaling, but other TGF-β family members can also cause it.

    “Detection of C-terminally phosphorylated Smad2 and/or Smad3 is indicative of TGF-β/Smad signaling, yet may also result from their activation in response to other TGF-β family members, such as activins, myostatin and GDFs65,88.”

    From TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [88]

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  1. Derynck R, Miyazono K, ed. 2008. The TGF-b family. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

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Authors
Heldin, C.-H., & Moustakas, A.
Affiliations
Uppsala University (SE)
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Published
2016-08
Volume
8
Issue
8
Pages
a022053
ISSN
1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2503685584
Cited by
711
References
287
Citations by year
2026: 60 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 6
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
  • European Commission
  • Cancerfonden
  • Vetenskapsrådet
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
Keywords
TGF-beta signaling, TGF-beta receptor, receptor activation, receptor stability, post-translational modification, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, MAPK signaling, Src kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Rho GTPases, transcription factors
MeSH terms
Cell Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Endocytosis, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction, Up-Regulation, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Protein Transport, MicroRNAs, Sumoylation

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