Gravitational wave detection with optical lattice atomic clocks
Open accessAbstract
We propose a space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector consisting of two spatially separated, drag-free satellites sharing ultrastable optical laser light over a single baseline. Each satellite contains an optical lattice atomic clock, which serves as a sensitive, narrowband detector of the local frequency of the shared laser light. A synchronized two-clock comparison between the satellites will be sensitive to the effective Doppler shifts induced by incident GWs at a level competitive with other proposed space-based GW detectors, while providing complementary features. The detected signal is a differential frequency shift of the shared laser light due to the relative velocity of the satellites, and the detection window can be tuned through the control sequence applied to the atoms' internal states. This scheme enables the detection of GWs from continuous, spectrally narrow sources, such as compact binary inspirals, with frequencies ranging from $\ensuremath{\sim}3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mHz}--10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}$ without loss of sensitivity, thereby bridging the detection gap between space-based and terrestrial optical interferometric GW detectors. Our proposed GW detector employs just two satellites, is compatible with integration with an optical interferometric detector, and requires only realistic improvements to existing ground-based clock and laser technologies.
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These optical clocks can be used to explore geophysical phenomena, detect gravitational waves, test general relativity and search for dark matter.
“These optical clocks can further be used to explore geophysical phenomena 10 , detect gravitational waves 11 , test general relativity 12 and search for dark matter 13-17 .”
From Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Kolkowitz, S., Pikovski, I., Langellier, N., Lukin, M. D., Walsworth, R. L., & Ye, J.
- Affiliations
- Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2016-12-27
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 12
- ISSN
- 2470-0010 (ISSN-L)
- 2470-0029
- OpenAlex
- W2412940489
- Cited by
- 396
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 14.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- JILA Physics Frontier Center, University of Colorado
- National Science Foundation
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Harvard University
- Center for Ultracold Atoms
- National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Research Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Geophysics and Sensor Technology
- Keywords
- gravitational wave detection, space-based gravitational wave detectors, Doppler shift, drag-free satellite, laser frequency stabilization, compact binary inspirals, low-frequency gravitational waves
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